use libc::{c_uint, c_void, size_t};
use std::{mem, ptr, raw};
use std::kinds::marker;

use environment::Environment;
use error::{LmdbResult, lmdb_result};
use ffi;
use ffi::{MDB_txn, MDB_dbi};
use flags::{DatabaseFlags, EnvironmentFlags, WriteFlags};

/// An LMDB transaction.
///
/// All database operations require a transaction.
pub struct Transaction<'a> {
    txn: *mut MDB_txn,
    _marker: marker::ContravariantLifetime<'a>,
}

#[unsafe_destructor]
impl <'a> Drop for Transaction<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        unsafe { ffi::mdb_txn_abort(self.txn) }
    }
}

impl <'a> Transaction<'a> {

    /// Creates a new transaction in the given environment.
    pub fn new(env: &'a Environment, flags: EnvironmentFlags) -> LmdbResult<Transaction<'a>> {
        let mut txn: *mut MDB_txn = ptr::null_mut();
        unsafe {
            try!(lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_txn_begin(env.env(),
                                                ptr::null_mut(),
                                                flags.bits(),
                                                &mut txn)));
            Ok(Transaction {
                txn: txn,
                _marker: marker::ContravariantLifetime::<'a>,
            })
        }
    }

    /// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying LMDB transaction.
    ///
    /// The caller **must** ensure that the pointer is not used after the lifetime of the
    /// transaction.
    pub fn txn(&self) -> *mut MDB_txn {
        self.txn
    }

    /// Opens a handle to a database.
    ///
    /// If `name` is `None`, then the returned handle will be for the default database.
    ///
    /// If `name` is not `None`, then the returned handle will be for a named database. In this
    /// case the envirnment must be configured to allow named databases through
    /// `EnvironmentBuilder::set_max_dbs`.
    ///
    /// The database handle will be private to the current transaction until the transaction is
    /// successfully committed. If the transaction is aborted the database handle will be closed
    /// automatically. After a successful commit the database handle will reside in the shared
    /// environment, and may be used by other transactions.
    ///
    /// A transaction that uses this function must finish (either commit or abort) before any other
    /// transaction may use the function.
    pub fn open_db(&self, name: Option<&str>, flags: DatabaseFlags) -> LmdbResult<Database<'a>> {
        let c_name = name.map(|n| n.to_c_str());
        let name_ptr = if let Some(ref c_name) = c_name { c_name.as_ptr() } else { ptr::null() };
        let mut dbi: MDB_dbi = 0;
        unsafe {
            try!(lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_dbi_open(self.txn, name_ptr, flags.bits(), &mut dbi)));
        }
        Ok(Database { dbi: dbi, _marker: marker::ContravariantLifetime::<'a> })
    }

    /// Gets the option flags for the given database in the transaction.
    pub fn db_flags(&self, db: &Database) -> LmdbResult<DatabaseFlags> {
        let mut flags: c_uint = 0;
        unsafe {
            try!(lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_dbi_flags(self.txn, db.dbi, &mut flags)));
        }

        Ok(DatabaseFlags::from_bits_truncate(flags))
    }

    /// Commits the transaction.
    ///
    /// Any pending operations will be saved.
    pub fn commit(self) -> LmdbResult<()> {
        unsafe {
            let result = lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_txn_commit(self.txn()));
            mem::forget(self);
            result
        }
    }

    /// Aborts the transaction.
    ///
    /// Any pending operations will not be saved.
    pub fn abort(self) {
        // Abort is called in the destructor
    }

    /// Gets an item from a database.
    ///
    /// This function retrieves the data associated with the given key in the database. If the
    /// database supports duplicate keys (`MDB_DUPSORT`) then the first data item for the key will
    /// be returned. Retrieval of other items requires the use of `Transaction::cursor_get`.
    pub fn get(&self, database: &Database, key: &[u8]) -> LmdbResult<&'a [u8]> {
        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *const c_void };
        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0,
                                                        mv_data: ptr::null() };
        unsafe {
            try!(lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_get(self.txn(),
                                          database.dbi,
                                          &mut key_val,
                                          &mut data_val)));
            let slice: &'a [u8] =
                mem::transmute(raw::Slice {
                    data: data_val.mv_data as *const u8,
                    len: data_val.mv_size as uint
                });
            Ok(slice)
        }
    }

    /// Stores an item into a database.
    ///
    /// This function stores key/data pairs in the database. The default behavior is to enter the
    /// new key/data pair, replacing any previously existing key if duplicates are disallowed, or
    /// adding a duplicate data item if duplicates are allowed (`MDB_DUPSORT`).
    pub fn put(&self,
               database: &Database,
               key: &[u8],
               data: &[u8],
               flags: WriteFlags)
               -> LmdbResult<()> {
        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *const c_void };
        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
                                                        mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *const c_void };
        unsafe {
            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_put(self.txn(),
                                     database.dbi,
                                     &mut key_val,
                                     &mut data_val,
                                     flags.bits()))
        }
    }

    /// Deletes an item from a database.
    ///
    /// This function removes key/data pairs from the database. If the database does not support
    /// sorted duplicate data items (`MDB_DUPSORT`) the data parameter is ignored. If the database
    /// supports sorted duplicates and the data parameter is `None`, all of the duplicate data items
    /// for the key will be deleted. Otherwise, if the data parameter is `Some` only the matching
    /// data item will be deleted. This function will return `MDB_NOTFOUND` if the specified key/data
    /// pair is not in the database.
    pub fn del(&self,
               database: &Database,
               key: &[u8],
               data: Option<&[u8]>)
               -> LmdbResult<()> {
        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *const c_void };
        let data_val: Option<ffi::MDB_val> =
            data.map(|data| ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
                                           mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *const c_void });
        unsafe {
            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_del(self.txn(),
                                     database.dbi,
                                     &mut key_val,
                                     data_val.map(|mut data_val| &mut data_val as *mut _)
                                             .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut())))
        }
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//// Database
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// A handle to an individual database in an environment.
///
/// A database handle denotes the name and parameters of a database. The database may not
/// exist in the environment.
pub struct Database<'a> {
    dbi: MDB_dbi,
    _marker: marker::ContravariantLifetime<'a>,
}

impl <'a> Copy for Database<'a> { }

impl <'a> Database<'a> {

    /// Returns the underlying LMDB database handle.
    ///
    /// The caller **must** ensure that the handle is not used after the lifetime of the
    /// environment, or after the database handle has been closed.
    pub fn dbi(&self) -> MDB_dbi {
        self.dbi
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {

    use std::io;
    use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier, Future};

    use environment::*;
    use flags::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_open_db() {
        let dir = io::TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(10)
                                    .open(dir.path(), io::USER_RWX)
                                    .unwrap();
        {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            assert!(txn.open_db(None, DatabaseFlags::empty()).is_ok());
            assert!(txn.commit().is_ok());
        } {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            assert!(txn.open_db(Some("testdb"), DatabaseFlags::empty()).is_err())
        } {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            txn.open_db(Some("testdb"), MDB_CREATE).unwrap();
            assert!(txn.commit().is_ok());
        } {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            assert!(txn.open_db(Some("testdb"), DatabaseFlags::empty()).is_ok())
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_put_get_del() {
        let dir = io::TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
        let env = Environment::new().open(dir.path(), io::USER_RWX).unwrap();

        let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        let db = txn.open_db(None, DatabaseFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        txn.put(&db, b"key1", b"val1", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        txn.put(&db, b"key2", b"val2", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        txn.put(&db, b"key3", b"val3", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        txn.commit().unwrap();

        let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(b"val1", txn.get(&db, b"key1").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(b"val2", txn.get(&db, b"key2").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(b"val3", txn.get(&db, b"key3").unwrap());
        assert!(txn.get(&db, b"key").is_err());

        txn.del(&db, b"key1", None).unwrap();
        assert!(txn.get(&db, b"key1").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_close_database() {
        let dir = io::TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
        let env = Arc::new(Environment::new()
                                       .set_max_dbs(10)
                                       .open(dir.path(), io::USER_RWX)
                                       .unwrap());

        let db1 = {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            let db = txn.open_db(Some("db"), MDB_CREATE).unwrap();
            txn.commit().unwrap();
            db
        };

        let db2 = {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(MDB_RDONLY).unwrap();
            let db = txn.open_db(Some("db"), DatabaseFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            txn.commit().unwrap();
            db
        };

        // Check that database handles are reused properly
        assert!(db1.dbi == db2.dbi);

        {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            txn.put(&db1, b"key1", b"val1", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            assert!(txn.commit().is_ok());
        }

        unsafe { env.close_db(db1) };

        {
            let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
            assert!(txn.put(&db1, b"key2", b"val2", WriteFlags::empty()).is_err());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_concurrent_readers_single_writer() {
        let dir = io::TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
        let env = Arc::new(Environment::new().open(dir.path(), io::USER_RWX).unwrap());

        let open_db_txn = env.begin_txn(MDB_RDONLY).unwrap();
        let db = Arc::new(open_db_txn.open_db(None, DatabaseFlags::empty()).unwrap());
        open_db_txn.commit().unwrap();

        let n = 10u; // Number of concurrent readers
        let barrier = Arc::new(Barrier::new(n + 1));
        let mut futures = Vec::with_capacity(n);

        let key = b"key";
        let val = b"val";

        for _ in range(0, n) {
            let reader_env = env.clone();
            let reader_db = db.clone();
            let reader_barrier = barrier.clone();

            futures.push(Future::spawn(proc() {
                {
                    let txn = reader_env.begin_txn(MDB_RDONLY).unwrap();
                    assert!(txn.get(&*reader_db, key).is_err());
                    txn.abort();
                }
                reader_barrier.wait();
                reader_barrier.wait();
                {
                    let txn = reader_env.begin_txn(MDB_RDONLY).unwrap();
                    txn.get(&*reader_db, key).unwrap() == val
                }
            }));
        }

        let txn = env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        barrier.wait();
        txn.put(&*db, key, val, WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
        txn.commit().unwrap();
        barrier.wait();

        assert!(futures.iter_mut().all(|b| b.get()))
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_concurrent_writers() {
        let dir = io::TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
        let env = Arc::new(Environment::new().open(dir.path(), io::USER_RWX).unwrap());

        let open_db_txn = env.begin_txn(MDB_RDONLY).unwrap();
        let db = Arc::new(open_db_txn.open_db(None, DatabaseFlags::empty()).unwrap());
        open_db_txn.commit().unwrap();

        let n = 10u; // Number of concurrent writers
        let mut futures = Vec::with_capacity(n);

        let key = "key";
        let val = "val";

        for i in range(0, n) {
            let writer_env = env.clone();
            let writer_db = db.clone();

            futures.push(Future::spawn(proc() {
                let txn = writer_env.begin_txn(EnvironmentFlags::empty()).unwrap();
                txn.put(&*writer_db,
                        format!("{}{}", key, i).as_bytes(),
                        format!("{}{}", val, i).as_bytes(),
                        WriteFlags::empty())
                    .unwrap();
                txn.commit().is_ok()
            }));
        }
        assert!(futures.iter_mut().all(|b| b.get()));

        let txn = env.begin_txn(MDB_RDONLY).unwrap();

        for i in range(0, n) {
            assert_eq!(
                format!("{}{}", val, i).as_bytes(),
                txn.get(&*db, format!("{}{}", key, i).as_bytes()).unwrap());
        }
    }
}