diff --git a/lib/sparesults/src/parser.rs b/lib/sparesults/src/parser.rs
index fd7a403d..8833f9ac 100644
--- a/lib/sparesults/src/parser.rs
+++ b/lib/sparesults/src/parser.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::json::{JsonQueryResultsReader, JsonSolutionsReader};
 use crate::solution::QuerySolution;
 use crate::xml::{XmlQueryResultsReader, XmlSolutionsReader};
 use oxrdf::Variable;
-use std::io::BufRead;
+use std::io::Read;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 /// Parsers for [SPARQL query](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/) results serialization formats.
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ impl QueryResultsParser {
 
     /// Reads a result file.
     ///
+    /// Reads are buffered.
+    ///
     /// Example in XML (the API is the same for JSON and TSV):
     /// ```
     /// use sparesults::{QueryResultsFormat, QueryResultsParser, FromReadQueryResultsReader};
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ impl QueryResultsParser {
     /// }
     /// # Result::<(),sparesults::ParseError>::Ok(())
     /// ```
-    pub fn parse_read<R: BufRead>(
+    pub fn parse_read<R: Read>(
         &self,
         reader: R,
     ) -> Result<FromReadQueryResultsReader<R>, ParseError> {
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ impl QueryResultsParser {
     }
 
     #[deprecated(note = "Use parse_read")]
-    pub fn read_results<R: BufRead>(
+    pub fn read_results<R: Read>(
         &self,
         reader: R,
     ) -> Result<FromReadQueryResultsReader<R>, ParseError> {
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ impl QueryResultsParser {
 /// }
 /// # Result::<(),sparesults::ParseError>::Ok(())
 /// ```
-pub enum FromReadQueryResultsReader<R: BufRead> {
+pub enum FromReadQueryResultsReader<R: Read> {
     Solutions(FromReadSolutionsReader<R>),
     Boolean(bool),
 }
@@ -165,18 +167,18 @@ pub enum FromReadQueryResultsReader<R: BufRead> {
 /// # Result::<(),sparesults::ParseError>::Ok(())
 /// ```
 #[allow(clippy::rc_buffer)]
-pub struct FromReadSolutionsReader<R: BufRead> {
+pub struct FromReadSolutionsReader<R: Read> {
     variables: Rc<Vec<Variable>>,
     solutions: SolutionsReaderKind<R>,
 }
 
-enum SolutionsReaderKind<R: BufRead> {
+enum SolutionsReaderKind<R: Read> {
     Xml(XmlSolutionsReader<R>),
     Json(JsonSolutionsReader<R>),
     Tsv(TsvSolutionsReader<R>),
 }
 
-impl<R: BufRead> FromReadSolutionsReader<R> {
+impl<R: Read> FromReadSolutionsReader<R> {
     /// Ordered list of the declared variables at the beginning of the results.
     ///
     /// Example in TSV (the API is the same for JSON and XML):
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ impl<R: BufRead> FromReadSolutionsReader<R> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: BufRead> Iterator for FromReadSolutionsReader<R> {
+impl<R: Read> Iterator for FromReadSolutionsReader<R> {
     type Item = Result<QuerySolution, ParseError>;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<QuerySolution, ParseError>> {
diff --git a/lib/sparesults/src/xml.rs b/lib/sparesults/src/xml.rs
index 84e7e099..73d26fff 100644
--- a/lib/sparesults/src/xml.rs
+++ b/lib/sparesults/src/xml.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use quick_xml::events::{BytesDecl, BytesEnd, BytesStart, BytesText, Event};
 use quick_xml::{Reader, Writer};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::io::{self, BufRead, Write};
+use std::io::{self, BufReader, Read, Write};
 use std::str;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ fn write_xml_term(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub enum XmlQueryResultsReader<R: BufRead> {
+pub enum XmlQueryResultsReader<R: Read> {
     Solutions {
         variables: Vec<Variable>,
         solutions: XmlSolutionsReader<R>,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ pub enum XmlQueryResultsReader<R: BufRead> {
     Boolean(bool),
 }
 
-impl<R: BufRead> XmlQueryResultsReader<R> {
+impl<R: Read> XmlQueryResultsReader<R> {
     pub fn read(source: R) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
         enum State {
             Start,
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ impl<R: BufRead> XmlQueryResultsReader<R> {
             Boolean,
         }
 
-        let mut reader = Reader::from_reader(source);
+        let mut reader = Reader::from_reader(BufReader::new(source));
         reader.trim_text(true);
         reader.expand_empty_elements(true);
 
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ enum State {
     End,
 }
 
-pub struct XmlSolutionsReader<R: BufRead> {
-    reader: Reader<R>,
+pub struct XmlSolutionsReader<R: Read> {
+    reader: Reader<BufReader<R>>,
     buffer: Vec<u8>,
     mapping: BTreeMap<String, usize>,
     stack: Vec<State>,
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ pub struct XmlSolutionsReader<R: BufRead> {
     object_stack: Vec<Term>,
 }
 
-impl<R: BufRead> XmlSolutionsReader<R> {
+impl<R: Read> XmlSolutionsReader<R> {
     pub fn read_next(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Vec<Option<Term>>>, ParseError> {
         let mut state = State::Start;
 
diff --git a/lib/src/sparql/model.rs b/lib/src/sparql/model.rs
index 8ef06ecb..0c7becc6 100644
--- a/lib/src/sparql/model.rs
+++ b/lib/src/sparql/model.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::sparql::results::{
 };
 use oxrdf::{Variable, VariableRef};
 pub use sparesults::QuerySolution;
-use std::io::{BufRead, Write};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 /// Results of a [SPARQL query](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/).
@@ -22,12 +22,9 @@ pub enum QueryResults {
 
 impl QueryResults {
     /// Reads a SPARQL query results serialization.
-    pub fn read(
-        reader: impl BufRead + 'static,
-        format: QueryResultsFormat,
-    ) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+    pub fn read(read: impl Read + 'static, format: QueryResultsFormat) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
         Ok(QueryResultsParser::from_format(format)
-            .parse_read(reader)?
+            .parse_read(read)?
             .into())
     }
 
@@ -51,19 +48,19 @@ impl QueryResults {
     /// ```
     pub fn write(
         self,
-        writer: impl Write,
+        write: impl Write,
         format: QueryResultsFormat,
     ) -> Result<(), EvaluationError> {
         let serializer = QueryResultsSerializer::from_format(format);
         match self {
             Self::Boolean(value) => {
                 serializer
-                    .serialize_boolean_to_write(writer, value)
+                    .serialize_boolean_to_write(write, value)
                     .map_err(EvaluationError::ResultsSerialization)?;
             }
             Self::Solutions(solutions) => {
                 let mut writer = serializer
-                    .serialize_solutions_to_write(writer, solutions.variables().to_vec())
+                    .serialize_solutions_to_write(write, solutions.variables().to_vec())
                     .map_err(EvaluationError::ResultsSerialization)?;
                 for solution in solutions {
                     writer
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ impl QueryResults {
                 let o = VariableRef::new_unchecked("object");
                 let mut writer = serializer
                     .serialize_solutions_to_write(
-                        writer,
+                        write,
                         vec![s.into_owned(), p.into_owned(), o.into_owned()],
                     )
                     .map_err(EvaluationError::ResultsSerialization)?;
@@ -150,7 +147,7 @@ impl From<QuerySolutionIter> for QueryResults {
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: BufRead + 'static> From<FromReadQueryResultsReader<R>> for QueryResults {
+impl<R: Read + 'static> From<FromReadQueryResultsReader<R>> for QueryResults {
     fn from(reader: FromReadQueryResultsReader<R>) -> Self {
         match reader {
             FromReadQueryResultsReader::Solutions(s) => Self::Solutions(s.into()),
@@ -211,7 +208,7 @@ impl QuerySolutionIter {
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: BufRead + 'static> From<FromReadSolutionsReader<R>> for QuerySolutionIter {
+impl<R: Read + 'static> From<FromReadSolutionsReader<R>> for QuerySolutionIter {
     fn from(reader: FromReadSolutionsReader<R>) -> Self {
         Self {
             variables: Rc::new(reader.variables().to_vec()),
@@ -279,10 +276,10 @@ mod tests {
     #![allow(clippy::panic_in_result_fn)]
 
     use super::*;
+    use std::io::Cursor;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_serialization_roundtrip() -> Result<(), EvaluationError> {
-        use std::io::Cursor;
         use std::str;
 
         for format in [
diff --git a/lib/src/sparql/service.rs b/lib/src/sparql/service.rs
index ae397ee2..dec189ae 100644
--- a/lib/src/sparql/service.rs
+++ b/lib/src/sparql/service.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use crate::sparql::http::Client;
 use crate::sparql::model::QueryResults;
 use crate::sparql::results::QueryResultsFormat;
 use std::error::Error;
-use std::io::BufReader;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 /// Handler for [SPARQL 1.1 Federated Query](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-federated-query/) SERVICE.
@@ -121,6 +120,6 @@ impl ServiceHandler for SimpleServiceHandler {
             .map_err(|e| EvaluationError::Service(Box::new(e)))?;
         let format = QueryResultsFormat::from_media_type(&content_type)
             .ok_or_else(|| EvaluationError::UnsupportedContentType(content_type))?;
-        Ok(QueryResults::read(BufReader::new(body), format)?)
+        Ok(QueryResults::read(body, format)?)
     }
 }
diff --git a/python/src/sparql.rs b/python/src/sparql.rs
index b30d27fe..963aa0df 100644
--- a/python/src/sparql.rs
+++ b/python/src/sparql.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use pyo3::exceptions::{
 };
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
-use std::io::BufReader;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::vec::IntoIter;
 
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ pub struct PyQuerySolutions {
 enum PyQuerySolutionsVariant {
     Query(QuerySolutionIter),
     Reader {
-        iter: FromReadSolutionsReader<BufReader<PyReadable>>,
+        iter: FromReadSolutionsReader<PyReadable>,
         file_path: Option<PathBuf>,
     },
 }
@@ -504,7 +503,7 @@ pub fn parse_query_results(
         PyReadable::from_data(input)
     };
     let results = QueryResultsParser::from_format(format)
-        .parse_read(BufReader::new(input))
+        .parse_read(input)
         .map_err(|e| map_query_results_parse_error(e, file_path.clone()))?;
     Ok(match results {
         FromReadQueryResultsReader::Solutions(iter) => PyQuerySolutions {
diff --git a/testsuite/src/sparql_evaluator.rs b/testsuite/src/sparql_evaluator.rs
index 67081be6..14bdb38d 100644
--- a/testsuite/src/sparql_evaluator.rs
+++ b/testsuite/src/sparql_evaluator.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use oxigraph::store::Store;
 use sparopt::Optimizer;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Write;
-use std::io::{self, BufReader, Cursor};
+use std::io::{self, Cursor};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, OnceLock};
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ fn evaluate_positive_result_syntax_test(test: &Test, format: QueryResultsFormat)
         .as_deref()
         .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("No action found"))?;
     let actual_results = StaticQueryResults::from_query_results(
-        QueryResults::read(Cursor::new(read_file_to_string(action_file)?), format)?,
+        QueryResults::read(read_file(action_file)?, format)?,
         true,
     )?;
     if let Some(result_file) = test.result.as_deref() {
         let expected_results = StaticQueryResults::from_query_results(
-            QueryResults::read(Cursor::new(read_file_to_string(result_file)?), format)?,
+            QueryResults::read(read_file(result_file)?, format)?,
             true,
         )?;
         ensure!(
@@ -277,10 +277,7 @@ fn load_sparql_query_result(url: &str) -> Result<StaticQueryResults> {
         .rsplit_once('.')
         .and_then(|(_, extension)| QueryResultsFormat::from_extension(extension))
     {
-        StaticQueryResults::from_query_results(
-            QueryResults::read(BufReader::new(read_file(url)?), format)?,
-            false,
-        )
+        StaticQueryResults::from_query_results(QueryResults::read(read_file(url)?, format)?, false)
     } else {
         StaticQueryResults::from_graph(&load_graph(url, guess_rdf_format(url)?, false)?)
     }