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// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
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// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
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// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
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// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
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#pragma once
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#include <vector>
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#include <string>
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#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
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#include "port/port.h"
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#include "util/bloom_impl.h"
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#include "util/hash.h"
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#include "third-party/folly/folly/ConstexprMath.h"
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#include <memory>
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namespace rocksdb {
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class Slice;
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class Allocator;
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class Logger;
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Faster new DynamicBloom implementation (for memtable) (#5762)
Summary:
Since DynamicBloom is now only used in-memory, we're free to
change it without schema compatibility issues. The new implementation
is drawn from (with manifest permission)
https://github.com/pdillinger/wormhashing/blob/303542a767437f56d8b66cea6ebecaac0e6a61e9/bloom_simulation_tests/foo.cc#L613
This has several speed advantages over the prior implementation:
* Uses fastrange instead of %
* Minimum logic to determine first (and all) probed memory addresses
* (Major) Two probes per 64-bit memory fetch/write.
* Very fast and effective (murmur-like) hash expansion/re-mixing. (At
least on recent CPUs, integer multiplication is very cheap.)
While a Bloom filter with 512-bit cache locality has about a 1.15x FP
rate penalty (e.g. 0.84% to 0.97%), further restricting to two probes
per 64 bits incurs an additional 1.12x FP rate penalty (e.g. 0.97% to
1.09%). Nevertheless, the unit tests show no "mediocre" FP rate samples,
unlike the old implementation with more erratic FP rates.
Especially for the memtable, we expect speed to outweigh somewhat higher
FP rates. For example, a negative table query would have to be 1000x
slower than a BF query to justify doubling BF query time to shave 10% off
FP rate (working assumption around 1% FP rate). While that seems likely
for SSTs, my data suggests a speed factor of roughly 50x for the memtable
(vs. BF; ~1.5% lower write throughput when enabling memtable Bloom
filter, after this change). Thus, it's probably not worth even 5% more
time in the Bloom filter to shave off 1/10th of the Bloom FP rate, or 0.1%
in absolute terms, and it's probably at least 20% slower to recoup that
much FP rate from this new implementation. Because of this, we do not see
a need for a 'locality' option that affects the MemTable Bloom filter
and have decoupled the MemTable Bloom filter from Options::bloom_locality.
Note that just 3% more memory to the Bloom filter (10.3 bits per key vs.
just 10) is able to make up for the ~12% FP rate drop in the new
implementation:
[] # Nearly "ideal" FP-wise but reasonably fast cache-local implementation
[~/wormhashing/bloom_simulation_tests] ./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_WORM64_FROM32_any.out 10000000 6 10 $RANDOM 100000000
./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_WORM64_FROM32_any.out time: 3.29372 sampled_fp_rate: 0.00985956 ...
[] # Close match to this new implementation
[~/wormhashing/bloom_simulation_tests] ./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_MUL64_BLOCK_FROM32_any.out 10000000 6 10.3 $RANDOM 100000000
./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_MUL64_BLOCK_FROM32_any.out time: 2.10072 sampled_fp_rate: 0.00985655 ...
[] # Old locality=1 implementation
[~/wormhashing/bloom_simulation_tests] ./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_ROCKSDB_DYNAMIC_any.out 10000000 6 10 $RANDOM 100000000
./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_ROCKSDB_DYNAMIC_any.out time: 3.95472 sampled_fp_rate: 0.00988943 ...
Also note the dramatic speed improvement vs. alternatives.
--
Performance unit test: DynamicBloomTest.concurrent_with_perf is updated
to report more precise timing data. (Measure running time of each
thread, not just longest running thread, etc.) Results averaged over
various sizes enabled with --enable_perf and 20 runs each; old dynamic
bloom refers to locality=1, the faster of the old:
old dynamic bloom, avg add latency = 65.6468
new dynamic bloom, avg add latency = 44.3809
old dynamic bloom, avg query latency = 50.6485
new dynamic bloom, avg query latency = 43.2186
old avg parallel add latency = 41.678
new avg parallel add latency = 24.5238
old avg parallel hit latency = 14.6322
new avg parallel hit latency = 12.3939
old avg parallel miss latency = 16.7289
new avg parallel miss latency = 12.2134
Tested on a dedicated 64-bit production machine at Facebook. Significant
improvement all around.
Despite now using std::atomic<uint64_t>, quick before-and-after test on
a 32-bit machine (Intel Atom N270, released 2008) shows no regression in
performance, in some cases modest improvement.
--
Performance integration test (synthetic): with DEBUG_LEVEL=0, used
TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench --benchmarks=fillrandom,readmissing,readrandom,stats --num=2000000
and optionally with -memtable_whole_key_filtering -memtable_bloom_size_ratio=0.01
300 runs each configuration.
Write throughput change by enabling memtable bloom:
Old locality=0: -3.06%
Old locality=1: -2.37%
New: -1.50%
conclusion -> seems to substantially close the gap
Readmissing throughput change by enabling memtable bloom:
Old locality=0: +34.47%
Old locality=1: +34.80%
New: +33.25%
conclusion -> maybe a small new penalty from FP rate
Readrandom throughput change by enabling memtable bloom:
Old locality=0: +31.54%
Old locality=1: +31.13%
New: +30.60%
conclusion -> maybe also from FP rate (after memtable flush)
--
Another conclusion we can draw from this new implementation is that the
existing 32-bit hash function is not inherently crippling the Bloom
filter speed or accuracy, below about 5 million keys. For speed, the
implementation is essentially the same whether starting with 32-bits or
64-bits of hash; it just determines whether the first multiplication
after fastrange is a pseudorandom expansion or needed re-mix. Note that
this multiplication can occur while memory is fetching.
For accuracy, in a standard configuration, you need about 5 million
keys before you have about a 1.1x FP penalty due to using a
32-bit hash vs. 64-bit:
[~/wormhashing/bloom_simulation_tests] ./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_MUL64_BLOCK_FROM32_any.out $((5 * 1000 * 1000 * 10)) 6 10 $RANDOM 100000000
./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_MUL64_BLOCK_FROM32_any.out time: 2.52069 sampled_fp_rate: 0.0118267 ...
[~/wormhashing/bloom_simulation_tests] ./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_MUL64_BLOCK_any.out $((5 * 1000 * 1000 * 10)) 6 10 $RANDOM 100000000
./foo_gcc_IMPL_CACHE_MUL64_BLOCK_any.out time: 2.43871 sampled_fp_rate: 0.0109059
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5762
Differential Revision: D17214194
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: ad9da031772e985fd6b62a0e1db8e81892520595
5 years ago
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// A legacy Bloom filter implementation used by Plain Table db format, for
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// schema backward compatibility. Not for use in new filter applications.
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class PlainTableBloomV1 {
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public:
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// allocator: pass allocator to bloom filter, hence trace the usage of memory
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// total_bits: fixed total bits for the bloom
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// num_probes: number of hash probes for a single key
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// locality: If positive, optimize for cache line locality, 0 otherwise.
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// hash_func: customized hash function
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// huge_page_tlb_size: if >0, try to allocate bloom bytes from huge page TLB
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// within this page size. Need to reserve huge pages for
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// it to be allocated, like:
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// sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=20
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// See linux doc Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt
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explicit PlainTableBloomV1(uint32_t num_probes = 6);
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void SetTotalBits(Allocator* allocator, uint32_t total_bits,
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uint32_t locality, size_t huge_page_tlb_size,
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Logger* logger);
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~PlainTableBloomV1() {}
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// Assuming single threaded access to this function.
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void AddHash(uint32_t hash);
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// Multithreaded access to this function is OK
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bool MayContainHash(uint32_t hash) const;
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void Prefetch(uint32_t hash);
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uint32_t GetNumBlocks() const { return kNumBlocks; }
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Slice GetRawData() const {
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return Slice(data_, GetTotalBits() / 8);
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}
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void SetRawData(char* raw_data, uint32_t total_bits,
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uint32_t num_blocks = 0);
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uint32_t GetTotalBits() const { return kTotalBits; }
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bool IsInitialized() const { return kNumBlocks > 0 || kTotalBits > 0; }
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private:
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uint32_t kTotalBits;
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uint32_t kNumBlocks;
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const uint32_t kNumProbes;
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char* data_;
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static constexpr int LOG2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE =
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folly::constexpr_log2(CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
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};
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#if defined(_MSC_VER)
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#pragma warning(push)
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// local variable is initialized but not referenced
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#pragma warning(disable : 4189)
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#endif
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inline void PlainTableBloomV1::Prefetch(uint32_t h) {
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if (kNumBlocks != 0) {
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uint32_t ignored;
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LegacyLocalityBloomImpl</*ExtraRotates*/true>::PrepareHashMayMatch(
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h, kNumBlocks, data_, &ignored, LOG2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
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}
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}
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#if defined(_MSC_VER)
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#pragma warning(pop)
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#endif
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inline bool PlainTableBloomV1::MayContainHash(uint32_t h) const {
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assert(IsInitialized());
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if (kNumBlocks != 0) {
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return LegacyLocalityBloomImpl<true>::HashMayMatch(
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h, kNumBlocks, kNumProbes, data_, LOG2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
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} else {
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return LegacyNoLocalityBloomImpl::HashMayMatch(
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h, kTotalBits, kNumProbes, data_);
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}
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}
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inline void PlainTableBloomV1::AddHash(uint32_t h) {
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assert(IsInitialized());
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if (kNumBlocks != 0) {
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LegacyLocalityBloomImpl<true>::AddHash(
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h, kNumBlocks, kNumProbes, data_, LOG2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
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} else {
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LegacyNoLocalityBloomImpl::AddHash(h, kTotalBits, kNumProbes, data_);
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}
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}
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class BloomBlockBuilder {
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public:
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static const std::string kBloomBlock;
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explicit BloomBlockBuilder(uint32_t num_probes = 6) : bloom_(num_probes) {}
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void SetTotalBits(Allocator* allocator, uint32_t total_bits,
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uint32_t locality, size_t huge_page_tlb_size,
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Logger* logger) {
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bloom_.SetTotalBits(allocator, total_bits, locality, huge_page_tlb_size,
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logger);
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}
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uint32_t GetNumBlocks() const { return bloom_.GetNumBlocks(); }
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void AddKeysHashes(const std::vector<uint32_t>& keys_hashes);
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Slice Finish();
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private:
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PlainTableBloomV1 bloom_;
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};
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}; // namespace rocksdb
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