Fix WAL corruption from checkpoint/backup race condition

Summary:
`Writer::WriteBuffer` was always called at the beginning of checkpoint/backup. But that log writer has no internal synchronization, which meant the same buffer could be flushed twice in a race condition case, causing a WAL entry to be duplicated. Then subsequent WAL entries would be at unexpected offsets, causing the 32KB block boundaries to be overlapped and manifesting as a corruption.

This PR fixes the behavior to only use `WriteBuffer` (via `FlushWAL`) in checkpoint/backup when manual WAL flush is enabled. In that case, users are responsible for providing synchronization between WAL flushes. We can also consider removing the call entirely.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3603

Differential Revision: D7277447

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 1b15bd7fd930511222b075418c10de0aaa70a35a

HISTORY.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 ### Bug Fixes
 * Fix a leak in prepared_section_completed_ where the zeroed entries would not removed from the map.
+* Fix WAL corruption caused by race condition between user write thread and backup/checkpoint thread.
 
 ## 5.12.0 (2/14/2018)
 ### Public API Change

utilities/checkpoint/checkpoint_impl.cc

@@ -222,7 +222,9 @@ Status CheckpointImpl::CreateCustomCheckpoint(
 
     TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCheckpoint:SavedLiveFiles1");
     TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCheckpoint:SavedLiveFiles2");
-    db_->FlushWAL(false /* sync */);
+    if (db_options.manual_wal_flush) {
+      db_->FlushWAL(false /* sync */);
+    }
   }
   // if we have more than one column family, we need to also get WAL files
   if (s.ok()) {