Break db_stress_tool.cc to a list of source files (#6134)

Summary:
db_stress_tool.cc now is a giant file. In order to main it easier to improve and maintain, break it down to multiple source files.
Most classes are turned into their own files. Separate .h and .cc files are created for gflag definiations. Another .h and .cc files are created for some common functions. Some test execution logic that is only loosely related to class StressTest is moved to db_stress_driver.h and db_stress_driver.cc. All the files are located under db_stress_tool/. The directory name is created as such because if we end it with either stress or test, .gitignore will ignore any file under it and makes it prone to issues in developements.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6134

Test Plan: Build under GCC7 with and without LITE on using GNU Make. Build with GCC 4.8. Build with cmake with -DWITH_TOOL=1

Differential Revision: D18876064

fbshipit-source-id: b25d0a7451840f31ac0f5ebb0068785f783fdf7d

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -631,7 +631,6 @@ set(SOURCES
         test_util/testutil.cc
         test_util/transaction_test_util.cc
         tools/block_cache_analyzer/block_cache_trace_analyzer.cc
-        tools/db_bench_tool.cc
         tools/dump/db_dump_tool.cc
         tools/ldb_cmd.cc
         tools/ldb_tool.cc
@@ -1109,7 +1108,6 @@ if(WITH_BENCHMARK_TOOLS)
         cache/cache_bench.cc
         memtable/memtablerep_bench.cc
         db/range_del_aggregator_bench.cc
-        tools/db_bench.cc
         table/table_reader_bench.cc
         util/filter_bench.cc
         utilities/persistent_cache/hash_table_bench.cc
@@ -1121,9 +1119,18 @@ if(WITH_BENCHMARK_TOOLS)
       $<TARGET_OBJECTS:testharness>)
     target_link_libraries(${exename}${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX} gtest ${LIBS})
   endforeach(sourcefile ${BENCHMARKS})
+
+  add_executable(db_bench${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX}
+    tools/db_bench.cc
+    tools/db_bench_tool.cc
+    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:testharness>)
+  target_link_libraries(db_bench${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX} gtest ${LIBS})
 endif()
 
 option(WITH_TOOLS "build with tools" ON)
 if(WITH_TOOLS)
   add_subdirectory(tools)
+  add_subdirectory(db_stress_tool)
+  add_custom_target(tools
+    DEPENDS ${tool_deps})
 endif()

Makefile

@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ memtablerep_bench: memtable/memtablerep_bench.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
 filter_bench: util/filter_bench.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
 	$(AM_LINK)
 
-db_stress: tools/db_stress.o $(STRESSTOOLOBJECTS)
+db_stress: db_stress_tool/db_stress.o $(STRESSTOOLOBJECTS)
 	$(AM_LINK)
 
 write_stress: tools/write_stress.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)

TARGETS

@@ -402,9 +402,17 @@ cpp_library(
 cpp_library(
     name = "rocksdb_stress_lib",
     srcs = [
+        "db_stress_tool/batched_ops_stress.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/cf_consistency_stress.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_test_base.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_tool.cc",
+        "db_stress_tool/no_batched_ops_stress.cc",
         "test_util/testutil.cc",
         "tools/block_cache_analyzer/block_cache_trace_analyzer.cc",
-        "tools/db_stress_tool.cc",
         "tools/trace_analyzer_tool.cc",
     ],
     auto_headers = AutoHeaders.RECURSIVE_GLOB,

db/db_impl/db_secondary_test.cc

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryTest, OpenAsSecondary) {
 namespace {
 class TraceFileEnv : public EnvWrapper {
  public:
-  explicit TraceFileEnv(Env* target) : EnvWrapper(target) {}
+  explicit TraceFileEnv(Env* _target) : EnvWrapper(_target) {}
   Status NewRandomAccessFile(const std::string& f,
                              std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile>* r,
                              const EnvOptions& env_options) override {

db_stress_tool/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+add_executable(db_stress${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX}
+  db_stress.cc
+  db_stress_tool.cc
+  batched_ops_stress.cc
+  cf_consistency_stress.cc
+  db_stress_common.cc
+  db_stress_driver.cc
+  db_stress_test_base.cc
+  db_stress_shared_state.cc
+  db_stress_gflags.cc
+  db_stress_tool.cc
+  no_batched_ops_stress.cc)
+target_link_libraries(db_stress${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX} ${LIBS})
+list(APPEND tool_deps db_stress)

db_stress_tool/batched_ops_stress.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+class BatchedOpsStressTest : public StressTest {
+ public:
+  BatchedOpsStressTest() {}
+  virtual ~BatchedOpsStressTest() {}
+
+  // Given a key K and value V, this puts ("0"+K, "0"+V), ("1"+K, "1"+V), ...
+  // ("9"+K, "9"+V) in DB atomically i.e in a single batch.
+  // Also refer BatchedOpsStressTest::TestGet
+  virtual Status TestPut(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                         const ReadOptions& /* read_opts */,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                         char (&value)[100],
+                         std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    uint32_t value_base =
+        thread->rand.Next() % thread->shared->UNKNOWN_SENTINEL;
+    size_t sz = GenerateValue(value_base, value, sizeof(value));
+    Slice v(value, sz);
+    std::string keys[10] = {"9", "8", "7", "6", "5", "4", "3", "2", "1", "0"};
+    std::string values[10] = {"9", "8", "7", "6", "5", "4", "3", "2", "1", "0"};
+    Slice value_slices[10];
+    WriteBatch batch;
+    Status s;
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      keys[i] += key_str;
+      values[i] += v.ToString();
+      value_slices[i] = values[i];
+      if (FLAGS_use_merge) {
+        batch.Merge(cfh, keys[i], value_slices[i]);
+      } else {
+        batch.Put(cfh, keys[i], value_slices[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    s = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "multiput error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      // we did 10 writes each of size sz + 1
+      thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(10, (sz + 1) * 10);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  // Given a key K, this deletes ("0"+K), ("1"+K),... ("9"+K)
+  // in DB atomically i.e in a single batch. Also refer MultiGet.
+  virtual Status TestDelete(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& writeoptions,
+                            const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                            const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                            std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    std::string keys[10] = {"9", "7", "5", "3", "1", "8", "6", "4", "2", "0"};
+
+    WriteBatch batch;
+    Status s;
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      keys[i] += key_str;
+      batch.Delete(cfh, keys[i]);
+    }
+
+    s = db_->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "multidelete error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddDeletes(10);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestDeleteRange(
+      ThreadState* /* thread */, WriteOptions& /* write_opts */,
+      const std::vector<int>& /* rand_column_families */,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& /* rand_keys */,
+      std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    assert(false);
+    return Status::NotSupported(
+        "BatchedOpsStressTest does not support "
+        "TestDeleteRange");
+  }
+
+  virtual void TestIngestExternalFile(
+      ThreadState* /* thread */,
+      const std::vector<int>& /* rand_column_families */,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& /* rand_keys */,
+      std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    assert(false);
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "BatchedOpsStressTest does not support "
+            "TestIngestExternalFile\n");
+    std::terminate();
+  }
+
+  // Given a key K, this gets values for "0"+K, "1"+K,..."9"+K
+  // in the same snapshot, and verifies that all the values are of the form
+  // "0"+V, "1"+V,..."9"+V.
+  // ASSUMES that BatchedOpsStressTest::TestPut was used to put (K, V) into
+  // the DB.
+  virtual Status TestGet(ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& readoptions,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    std::string keys[10] = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};
+    Slice key_slices[10];
+    std::string values[10];
+    ReadOptions readoptionscopy = readoptions;
+    readoptionscopy.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+    std::string from_db;
+    Status s;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      keys[i] += key.ToString();
+      key_slices[i] = keys[i];
+      s = db_->Get(readoptionscopy, cfh, key_slices[i], &from_db);
+      if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+        values[i] = "";
+        thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+        // we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
+        // find more errors if any
+      } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+        values[i] = "";
+        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
+      } else {
+        values[i] = from_db;
+
+        char expected_prefix = (keys[i])[0];
+        char actual_prefix = (values[i])[0];
+        if (actual_prefix != expected_prefix) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "error expected prefix = %c actual = %c\n",
+                  expected_prefix, actual_prefix);
+        }
+        (values[i])[0] = ' ';  // blank out the differing character
+        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
+      }
+    }
+    db_->ReleaseSnapshot(readoptionscopy.snapshot);
+
+    // Now that we retrieved all values, check that they all match
+    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
+      if (values[i] != values[0]) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error : inconsistent values for key %s: %s, %s\n",
+                key.ToString(true).c_str(), StringToHex(values[0]).c_str(),
+                StringToHex(values[i]).c_str());
+        // we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
+        // find more errors if any
+      }
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual std::vector<Status> TestMultiGet(
+      ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& readoptions,
+      const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    size_t num_keys = rand_keys.size();
+    std::vector<Status> ret_status(num_keys);
+    std::array<std::string, 10> keys = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4",
+                                        "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};
+    size_t num_prefixes = keys.size();
+    for (size_t rand_key = 0; rand_key < num_keys; ++rand_key) {
+      std::vector<Slice> key_slices;
+      std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_prefixes);
+      std::vector<Status> statuses(num_prefixes);
+      ReadOptions readoptionscopy = readoptions;
+      readoptionscopy.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
+      std::vector<std::string> key_str;
+      key_str.reserve(num_prefixes);
+      key_slices.reserve(num_prefixes);
+      std::string from_db;
+      ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+
+      for (size_t key = 0; key < num_prefixes; ++key) {
+        key_str.emplace_back(keys[key] + Key(rand_keys[rand_key]));
+        key_slices.emplace_back(key_str.back());
+      }
+      db_->MultiGet(readoptionscopy, cfh, num_prefixes, key_slices.data(),
+                    values.data(), statuses.data());
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < num_prefixes; i++) {
+        Status s = statuses[i];
+        if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+          thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+          ret_status[rand_key] = s;
+          // we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
+          // find more errors if any
+        } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+          thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
+          ret_status[rand_key] = s;
+        } else {
+          char expected_prefix = (keys[i])[0];
+          char actual_prefix = (values[i])[0];
+          if (actual_prefix != expected_prefix) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "error expected prefix = %c actual = %c\n",
+                    expected_prefix, actual_prefix);
+          }
+          std::string str;
+          str.assign(values[i].data(), values[i].size());
+          values[i].Reset();
+          str[0] = ' ';  // blank out the differing character
+          values[i].PinSelf(str);
+          thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
+        }
+      }
+      db_->ReleaseSnapshot(readoptionscopy.snapshot);
+
+      // Now that we retrieved all values, check that they all match
+      for (size_t i = 1; i < num_prefixes; i++) {
+        if (values[i] != values[0]) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "error : inconsistent values for key %s: %s, %s\n",
+                  key_str[i].c_str(), StringToHex(values[0].ToString()).c_str(),
+                  StringToHex(values[i].ToString()).c_str());
+          // we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
+          // find more errors if any
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return ret_status;
+  }
+
+  // Given a key, this does prefix scans for "0"+P, "1"+P,..."9"+P
+  // in the same snapshot where P is the first FLAGS_prefix_size - 1 bytes
+  // of the key. Each of these 10 scans returns a series of values;
+  // each series should be the same length, and it is verified for each
+  // index i that all the i'th values are of the form "0"+V, "1"+V,..."9"+V.
+  // ASSUMES that MultiPut was used to put (K, V)
+  virtual Status TestPrefixScan(ThreadState* thread,
+                                const ReadOptions& readoptions,
+                                const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    size_t prefix_to_use =
+        (FLAGS_prefix_size < 0) ? 7 : static_cast<size_t>(FLAGS_prefix_size);
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+    std::string prefixes[10] = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4",
+                                "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};
+    Slice prefix_slices[10];
+    ReadOptions readoptionscopy[10];
+    const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
+    Iterator* iters[10];
+    std::string upper_bounds[10];
+    Slice ub_slices[10];
+    Status s = Status::OK();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      prefixes[i] += key.ToString();
+      prefixes[i].resize(prefix_to_use);
+      prefix_slices[i] = Slice(prefixes[i]);
+      readoptionscopy[i] = readoptions;
+      readoptionscopy[i].snapshot = snapshot;
+      if (thread->rand.OneIn(2) &&
+          GetNextPrefix(prefix_slices[i], &(upper_bounds[i]))) {
+        // For half of the time, set the upper bound to the next prefix
+        ub_slices[i] = Slice(upper_bounds[i]);
+        readoptionscopy[i].iterate_upper_bound = &(ub_slices[i]);
+      }
+      iters[i] = db_->NewIterator(readoptionscopy[i], cfh);
+      iters[i]->Seek(prefix_slices[i]);
+    }
+
+    long count = 0;
+    while (iters[0]->Valid() && iters[0]->key().starts_with(prefix_slices[0])) {
+      count++;
+      std::string values[10];
+      // get list of all values for this iteration
+      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        // no iterator should finish before the first one
+        assert(iters[i]->Valid() &&
+               iters[i]->key().starts_with(prefix_slices[i]));
+        values[i] = iters[i]->value().ToString();
+
+        char expected_first = (prefixes[i])[0];
+        char actual_first = (values[i])[0];
+
+        if (actual_first != expected_first) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "error expected first = %c actual = %c\n",
+                  expected_first, actual_first);
+        }
+        (values[i])[0] = ' ';  // blank out the differing character
+      }
+      // make sure all values are equivalent
+      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        if (values[i] != values[0]) {
+          fprintf(stderr,
+                  "error : %d, inconsistent values for prefix %s: %s, %s\n", i,
+                  prefixes[i].c_str(), StringToHex(values[0]).c_str(),
+                  StringToHex(values[i]).c_str());
+          // we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
+          // find more errors if any
+        }
+        iters[i]->Next();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // cleanup iterators and snapshot
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      // if the first iterator finished, they should have all finished
+      assert(!iters[i]->Valid() ||
+             !iters[i]->key().starts_with(prefix_slices[i]));
+      assert(iters[i]->status().ok());
+      delete iters[i];
+    }
+    db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
+
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      thread->stats.AddPrefixes(1, count);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual void VerifyDb(ThreadState* /* thread */) const {}
+};
+
+StressTest* CreateBatchedOpsStressTest() { return new BatchedOpsStressTest(); }
+
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/cf_consistency_stress.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
+ public:
+  CfConsistencyStressTest() : batch_id_(0) {}
+
+  virtual ~CfConsistencyStressTest() {}
+
+  virtual Status TestPut(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                         const ReadOptions& /* read_opts */,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                         char (&value)[100],
+                         std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    uint64_t value_base = batch_id_.fetch_add(1);
+    size_t sz =
+        GenerateValue(static_cast<uint32_t>(value_base), value, sizeof(value));
+    Slice v(value, sz);
+    WriteBatch batch;
+    for (auto cf : rand_column_families) {
+      ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[cf];
+      if (FLAGS_use_merge) {
+        batch.Merge(cfh, key, v);
+      } else { /* !FLAGS_use_merge */
+        batch.Put(cfh, key, v);
+      }
+    }
+    Status s = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "multi put or merge error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      auto num = static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size());
+      thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(num, (sz + 1) * num);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestDelete(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                            const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                            const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                            std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    WriteBatch batch;
+    for (auto cf : rand_column_families) {
+      ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[cf];
+      batch.Delete(cfh, key);
+    }
+    Status s = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "multidel error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddDeletes(static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size()));
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestDeleteRange(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                                 const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                 const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                                 std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    int64_t rand_key = rand_keys[0];
+    auto shared = thread->shared;
+    int64_t max_key = shared->GetMaxKey();
+    if (rand_key > max_key - FLAGS_range_deletion_width) {
+      rand_key =
+          thread->rand.Next() % (max_key - FLAGS_range_deletion_width + 1);
+    }
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_key);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    std::string end_key_str = Key(rand_key + FLAGS_range_deletion_width);
+    Slice end_key = end_key_str;
+    WriteBatch batch;
+    for (auto cf : rand_column_families) {
+      ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[cf]];
+      batch.DeleteRange(cfh, key, end_key);
+    }
+    Status s = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "multi del range error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddRangeDeletions(
+          static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size()));
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TestIngestExternalFile(
+      ThreadState* /* thread */,
+      const std::vector<int>& /* rand_column_families */,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& /* rand_keys */,
+      std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    assert(false);
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "CfConsistencyStressTest does not support TestIngestExternalFile "
+            "because it's not possible to verify the result\n");
+    std::terminate();
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestGet(ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& readoptions,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    Status s;
+    bool is_consistent = true;
+
+    if (thread->rand.OneIn(2)) {
+      // 1/2 chance, does a random read from random CF
+      auto cfh =
+          column_families_[rand_column_families[thread->rand.Next() %
+                                                rand_column_families.size()]];
+      std::string from_db;
+      s = db_->Get(readoptions, cfh, key, &from_db);
+    } else {
+      // 1/2 chance, comparing one key is the same across all CFs
+      const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
+      ReadOptions readoptionscopy = readoptions;
+      readoptionscopy.snapshot = snapshot;
+
+      std::string value0;
+      s = db_->Get(readoptionscopy, column_families_[rand_column_families[0]],
+                   key, &value0);
+      if (s.ok() || s.IsNotFound()) {
+        bool found = s.ok();
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < rand_column_families.size(); i++) {
+          std::string value1;
+          s = db_->Get(readoptionscopy,
+                       column_families_[rand_column_families[i]], key, &value1);
+          if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
+            break;
+          }
+          if (!found && s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Get() return different results with key %s\n",
+                    Slice(key_str).ToString(true).c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "CF %s is not found\n",
+                    column_family_names_[0].c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "CF %s returns value %s\n",
+                    column_family_names_[i].c_str(),
+                    Slice(value1).ToString(true).c_str());
+            is_consistent = false;
+          } else if (found && s.IsNotFound()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Get() return different results with key %s\n",
+                    Slice(key_str).ToString(true).c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "CF %s returns value %s\n",
+                    column_family_names_[0].c_str(),
+                    Slice(value0).ToString(true).c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "CF %s is not found\n",
+                    column_family_names_[i].c_str());
+            is_consistent = false;
+          } else if (s.ok() && value0 != value1) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Get() return different results with key %s\n",
+                    Slice(key_str).ToString(true).c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "CF %s returns value %s\n",
+                    column_family_names_[0].c_str(),
+                    Slice(value0).ToString(true).c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "CF %s returns value %s\n",
+                    column_family_names_[i].c_str(),
+                    Slice(value1).ToString(true).c_str());
+            is_consistent = false;
+          }
+          if (!is_consistent) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
+    }
+    if (!is_consistent) {
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+      // Fail fast to preserve the DB state.
+      thread->shared->SetVerificationFailure();
+    } else if (s.ok()) {
+      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
+    } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual std::vector<Status> TestMultiGet(
+      ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+      const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    size_t num_keys = rand_keys.size();
+    std::vector<std::string> key_str;
+    std::vector<Slice> keys;
+    keys.reserve(num_keys);
+    key_str.reserve(num_keys);
+    std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
+    std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
+    ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; ++i) {
+      key_str.emplace_back(Key(rand_keys[i]));
+      keys.emplace_back(key_str.back());
+    }
+    db_->MultiGet(read_opts, cfh, num_keys, keys.data(), values.data(),
+                  statuses.data());
+    for (auto s : statuses) {
+      if (s.ok()) {
+        // found case
+        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
+      } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+        // not found case
+        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
+      } else {
+        // errors case
+        thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+      }
+    }
+    return statuses;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestPrefixScan(ThreadState* thread,
+                                const ReadOptions& readoptions,
+                                const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    size_t prefix_to_use =
+        (FLAGS_prefix_size < 0) ? 7 : static_cast<size_t>(FLAGS_prefix_size);
+
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    Slice prefix = Slice(key.data(), prefix_to_use);
+
+    std::string upper_bound;
+    Slice ub_slice;
+    ReadOptions ro_copy = readoptions;
+    if (thread->rand.OneIn(2) && GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound)) {
+      ub_slice = Slice(upper_bound);
+      ro_copy.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice;
+    }
+    auto cfh =
+        column_families_[rand_column_families[thread->rand.Next() %
+                                              rand_column_families.size()]];
+    Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ro_copy, cfh);
+    long count = 0;
+    for (iter->Seek(prefix); iter->Valid() && iter->key().starts_with(prefix);
+         iter->Next()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    assert(prefix_to_use == 0 ||
+           count <= (static_cast<long>(1) << ((8 - prefix_to_use) * 8)));
+    Status s = iter->status();
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      thread->stats.AddPrefixes(1, count);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    }
+    delete iter;
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual ColumnFamilyHandle* GetControlCfh(ThreadState* thread,
+                                            int /*column_family_id*/
+  ) {
+    // All column families should contain the same data. Randomly pick one.
+    return column_families_[thread->rand.Next() % column_families_.size()];
+  }
+
+#ifdef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  virtual Status TestCheckpoint(
+      ThreadState* /* thread */,
+      const std::vector<int>& /* rand_column_families */,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& /* rand_keys */) {
+    assert(false);
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "RocksDB lite does not support "
+            "TestCheckpoint\n");
+    std::terminate();
+  }
+#else
+  virtual Status TestCheckpoint(
+      ThreadState* thread, const std::vector<int>& /* rand_column_families */,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& /* rand_keys */) {
+    std::string checkpoint_dir =
+        FLAGS_db + "/.checkpoint" + ToString(thread->tid);
+    DestroyDB(checkpoint_dir, options_);
+    Checkpoint* checkpoint = nullptr;
+    Status s = Checkpoint::Create(db_, &checkpoint);
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      s = checkpoint->CreateCheckpoint(checkpoint_dir);
+    }
+    std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> cf_handles;
+    DB* checkpoint_db = nullptr;
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      delete checkpoint;
+      checkpoint = nullptr;
+      Options options(options_);
+      options.listeners.clear();
+      std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
+      // TODO(ajkr): `column_family_names_` is not safe to access here when
+      // `clear_column_family_one_in != 0`. But we can't easily switch to
+      // `ListColumnFamilies` to get names because it won't necessarily give
+      // the same order as `column_family_names_`.
+      if (FLAGS_clear_column_family_one_in == 0) {
+        for (const auto& name : column_family_names_) {
+          cf_descs.emplace_back(name, ColumnFamilyOptions(options));
+        }
+        s = DB::OpenForReadOnly(DBOptions(options), checkpoint_dir, cf_descs,
+                                &cf_handles, &checkpoint_db);
+      }
+    }
+    if (checkpoint_db != nullptr) {
+      for (auto cfh : cf_handles) {
+        delete cfh;
+      }
+      cf_handles.clear();
+      delete checkpoint_db;
+      checkpoint_db = nullptr;
+    }
+    DestroyDB(checkpoint_dir, options_);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "A checkpoint operation failed with: %s\n",
+              s.ToString().c_str());
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+  virtual void VerifyDb(ThreadState* thread) const {
+    ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
+    // We must set total_order_seek to true because we are doing a SeekToFirst
+    // on a column family whose memtables may support (by default) prefix-based
+    // iterator. In this case, NewIterator with options.total_order_seek being
+    // false returns a prefix-based iterator. Calling SeekToFirst using this
+    // iterator causes the iterator to become invalid. That means we cannot
+    // iterate the memtable using this iterator any more, although the memtable
+    // contains the most up-to-date key-values.
+    options.total_order_seek = true;
+    assert(thread != nullptr);
+    auto shared = thread->shared;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Iterator>> iters(column_families_.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != column_families_.size(); ++i) {
+      iters[i].reset(db_->NewIterator(options, column_families_[i]));
+    }
+    for (auto& iter : iters) {
+      iter->SeekToFirst();
+    }
+    size_t num = column_families_.size();
+    assert(num == iters.size());
+    std::vector<Status> statuses(num, Status::OK());
+    do {
+      if (shared->HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      size_t valid_cnt = 0;
+      size_t idx = 0;
+      for (auto& iter : iters) {
+        if (iter->Valid()) {
+          ++valid_cnt;
+        } else {
+          statuses[idx] = iter->status();
+        }
+        ++idx;
+      }
+      if (valid_cnt == 0) {
+        Status status;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i != num; ++i) {
+          const auto& s = statuses[i];
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            status = s;
+            fprintf(stderr, "Iterator on cf %s has error: %s\n",
+                    column_families_[i]->GetName().c_str(),
+                    s.ToString().c_str());
+            shared->SetVerificationFailure();
+          }
+        }
+        if (status.ok()) {
+          fprintf(stdout, "Finished scanning all column families.\n");
+        }
+        break;
+      } else if (valid_cnt != iters.size()) {
+        shared->SetVerificationFailure();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i != num; ++i) {
+          if (!iters[i]->Valid()) {
+            if (statuses[i].ok()) {
+              fprintf(stderr, "Finished scanning cf %s\n",
+                      column_families_[i]->GetName().c_str());
+            } else {
+              fprintf(stderr, "Iterator on cf %s has error: %s\n",
+                      column_families_[i]->GetName().c_str(),
+                      statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
+            }
+          } else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "cf %s has remaining data to scan\n",
+                    column_families_[i]->GetName().c_str());
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      if (shared->HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      // If the program reaches here, then all column families' iterators are
+      // still valid.
+      if (shared->PrintingVerificationResults()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      Slice key;
+      Slice value;
+      int num_mismatched_cfs = 0;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i != num; ++i) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+          key = iters[i]->key();
+          value = iters[i]->value();
+        } else {
+          int cmp = key.compare(iters[i]->key());
+          if (cmp != 0) {
+            ++num_mismatched_cfs;
+            if (1 == num_mismatched_cfs) {
+              fprintf(stderr, "Verification failed\n");
+              fprintf(stderr, "Latest Sequence Number: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                      db_->GetLatestSequenceNumber());
+              fprintf(stderr, "[%s] %s => %s\n",
+                      column_families_[0]->GetName().c_str(),
+                      key.ToString(true /* hex */).c_str(),
+                      value.ToString(true /* hex */).c_str());
+            }
+            fprintf(stderr, "[%s] %s => %s\n",
+                    column_families_[i]->GetName().c_str(),
+                    iters[i]->key().ToString(true /* hex */).c_str(),
+                    iters[i]->value().ToString(true /* hex */).c_str());
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+            Slice begin_key;
+            Slice end_key;
+            if (cmp < 0) {
+              begin_key = key;
+              end_key = iters[i]->key();
+            } else {
+              begin_key = iters[i]->key();
+              end_key = key;
+            }
+            std::vector<KeyVersion> versions;
+            const size_t kMaxNumIKeys = 8;
+            const auto print_key_versions = [&](ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh) {
+              Status s = GetAllKeyVersions(db_, cfh, begin_key, end_key,
+                                           kMaxNumIKeys, &versions);
+              if (!s.ok()) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+                return;
+              }
+              assert(nullptr != cfh);
+              fprintf(stderr,
+                      "Internal keys in CF '%s', [%s, %s] (max %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt
+                      ")\n",
+                      cfh->GetName().c_str(),
+                      begin_key.ToString(true /* hex */).c_str(),
+                      end_key.ToString(true /* hex */).c_str(), kMaxNumIKeys);
+              for (const KeyVersion& kv : versions) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "  key %s seq %" PRIu64 " type %d\n",
+                        Slice(kv.user_key).ToString(true).c_str(), kv.sequence,
+                        kv.type);
+              }
+            };
+            if (1 == num_mismatched_cfs) {
+              print_key_versions(column_families_[0]);
+            }
+            print_key_versions(column_families_[i]);
+#endif  // ROCKSDB_LITE
+            shared->SetVerificationFailure();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      shared->FinishPrintingVerificationResults();
+      for (auto& iter : iters) {
+        iter->Next();
+      }
+    } while (true);
+  }
+
+  virtual std::vector<int> GenerateColumnFamilies(
+      const int /* num_column_families */, int /* rand_column_family */) const {
+    std::vector<int> ret;
+    int num = static_cast<int>(column_families_.size());
+    int k = 0;
+    std::generate_n(back_inserter(ret), num, [&k]() -> int { return k++; });
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic<int64_t> batch_id_;
+};
+
+StressTest* CreateCfConsistencyStressTest() {
+  return new CfConsistencyStressTest();
+}
+
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+//
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+
+rocksdb::Env* FLAGS_env = rocksdb::Env::Default();
+enum rocksdb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type_e =
+    rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;
+enum rocksdb::ChecksumType FLAGS_checksum_type_e = rocksdb::kCRC32c;
+enum RepFactory FLAGS_rep_factory = kSkipList;
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+void PoolSizeChangeThread(void* v) {
+  assert(FLAGS_compaction_thread_pool_adjust_interval > 0);
+  ThreadState* thread = reinterpret_cast<ThreadState*>(v);
+  SharedState* shared = thread->shared;
+
+  while (true) {
+    {
+      MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
+      if (shared->ShoudStopBgThread()) {
+        shared->SetBgThreadFinish();
+        shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto thread_pool_size_base = FLAGS_max_background_compactions;
+    auto thread_pool_size_var = FLAGS_compaction_thread_pool_variations;
+    int new_thread_pool_size =
+        thread_pool_size_base - thread_pool_size_var +
+        thread->rand.Next() % (thread_pool_size_var * 2 + 1);
+    if (new_thread_pool_size < 1) {
+      new_thread_pool_size = 1;
+    }
+    FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(new_thread_pool_size);
+    // Sleep up to 3 seconds
+    FLAGS_env->SleepForMicroseconds(
+        thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_compaction_thread_pool_adjust_interval *
+            1000 +
+        1);
+  }
+}
+
+void PrintKeyValue(int cf, uint64_t key, const char* value, size_t sz) {
+  if (!FLAGS_verbose) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string tmp;
+  tmp.reserve(sz * 2 + 16);
+  char buf[4];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+    snprintf(buf, 4, "%X", value[i]);
+    tmp.append(buf);
+  }
+  fprintf(stdout, "[CF %d] %" PRIi64 " == > (%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt ") %s\n", cf,
+          key, sz, tmp.c_str());
+}
+
+int64_t GenerateOneKey(ThreadState* thread, uint64_t iteration) {
+  const double completed_ratio =
+      static_cast<double>(iteration) / FLAGS_ops_per_thread;
+  const int64_t base_key = static_cast<int64_t>(
+      completed_ratio * (FLAGS_max_key - FLAGS_active_width));
+  return base_key + thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_active_width;
+}
+
+std::vector<int64_t> GenerateNKeys(ThreadState* thread, int num_keys,
+                                   uint64_t iteration) {
+  const double completed_ratio =
+      static_cast<double>(iteration) / FLAGS_ops_per_thread;
+  const int64_t base_key = static_cast<int64_t>(
+      completed_ratio * (FLAGS_max_key - FLAGS_active_width));
+  std::vector<int64_t> keys;
+  keys.reserve(num_keys);
+  int64_t next_key = base_key + thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_active_width;
+  keys.push_back(next_key);
+  for (int i = 1; i < num_keys; ++i) {
+    // This may result in some duplicate keys
+    next_key = next_key + thread->rand.Next() %
+                              (FLAGS_active_width - (next_key - base_key));
+    keys.push_back(next_key);
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+size_t GenerateValue(uint32_t rand, char* v, size_t max_sz) {
+  size_t value_sz =
+      ((rand % kRandomValueMaxFactor) + 1) * FLAGS_value_size_mult;
+  assert(value_sz <= max_sz && value_sz >= sizeof(uint32_t));
+  (void)max_sz;
+  *((uint32_t*)v) = rand;
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(uint32_t); i < value_sz; i++) {
+    v[i] = (char)(rand ^ i);
+  }
+  v[value_sz] = '\0';
+  return value_sz;  // the size of the value set.
+}
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+//
+// The test uses an array to compare against values written to the database.
+// Keys written to the array are in 1:1 correspondence to the actual values in
+// the database according to the formula in the function GenerateValue.
+
+// Space is reserved in the array from 0 to FLAGS_max_key and values are
+// randomly written/deleted/read from those positions. During verification we
+// compare all the positions in the array. To shorten/elongate the running
+// time, you could change the settings: FLAGS_max_key, FLAGS_ops_per_thread,
+// (sometimes also FLAGS_threads).
+//
+// NOTE that if FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots is set, the test will have
+// different behavior. See comment of the flag for details.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#pragma once
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <exception>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
+#include "db/version_set.h"
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_listener.h"
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.h"
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_test_base.h"
+#include "hdfs/env_hdfs.h"
+#include "logging/logging.h"
+#include "monitoring/histogram.h"
+#include "options/options_helper.h"
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "rocksdb/cache.h"
+#include "rocksdb/env.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice_transform.h"
+#include "rocksdb/statistics.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/backupable_db.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/checkpoint.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/db_ttl.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/debug.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/options_util.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction_db.h"
+#include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
+#include "util/coding.h"
+#include "util/compression.h"
+#include "util/crc32c.h"
+#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
+#include "util/mutexlock.h"
+#include "util/random.h"
+#include "util/string_util.h"
+// SyncPoint is not supported in Released Windows Mode.
+#if !(defined NDEBUG) || !defined(OS_WIN)
+#include "test_util/sync_point.h"
+#endif  // !(defined NDEBUG) || !defined(OS_WIN)
+#include "test_util/testutil.h"
+
+#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
+
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ParseCommandLineFlags;
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::RegisterFlagValidator;
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::SetUsageMessage;
+
+DECLARE_uint64(seed);
+DECLARE_bool(read_only);
+DECLARE_int64(max_key);
+DECLARE_int32(column_families);
+DECLARE_string(options_file);
+DECLARE_int64(active_width);
+DECLARE_bool(test_batches_snapshots);
+DECLARE_bool(atomic_flush);
+DECLARE_bool(test_cf_consistency);
+DECLARE_int32(threads);
+DECLARE_int32(ttl);
+DECLARE_int32(value_size_mult);
+DECLARE_int32(compaction_readahead_size);
+DECLARE_bool(enable_pipelined_write);
+DECLARE_bool(verify_before_write);
+DECLARE_bool(histogram);
+DECLARE_bool(destroy_db_initially);
+DECLARE_bool(verbose);
+DECLARE_bool(progress_reports);
+DECLARE_uint64(db_write_buffer_size);
+DECLARE_int32(write_buffer_size);
+DECLARE_int32(max_write_buffer_number);
+DECLARE_int32(min_write_buffer_number_to_merge);
+DECLARE_int32(max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain);
+DECLARE_int64(max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain);
+DECLARE_double(memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio);
+DECLARE_bool(memtable_whole_key_filtering);
+DECLARE_int32(open_files);
+DECLARE_int64(compressed_cache_size);
+DECLARE_int32(compaction_style);
+DECLARE_int32(level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
+DECLARE_int32(level0_slowdown_writes_trigger);
+DECLARE_int32(level0_stop_writes_trigger);
+DECLARE_int32(block_size);
+DECLARE_int32(format_version);
+DECLARE_int32(index_block_restart_interval);
+DECLARE_int32(max_background_compactions);
+DECLARE_int32(num_bottom_pri_threads);
+DECLARE_int32(compaction_thread_pool_adjust_interval);
+DECLARE_int32(compaction_thread_pool_variations);
+DECLARE_int32(max_background_flushes);
+DECLARE_int32(universal_size_ratio);
+DECLARE_int32(universal_min_merge_width);
+DECLARE_int32(universal_max_merge_width);
+DECLARE_int32(universal_max_size_amplification_percent);
+DECLARE_int32(clear_column_family_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(set_options_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(set_in_place_one_in);
+DECLARE_int64(cache_size);
+DECLARE_bool(cache_index_and_filter_blocks);
+DECLARE_bool(use_clock_cache);
+DECLARE_uint64(subcompactions);
+DECLARE_uint64(periodic_compaction_seconds);
+DECLARE_uint64(compaction_ttl);
+DECLARE_bool(allow_concurrent_memtable_write);
+DECLARE_bool(enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield);
+DECLARE_int32(reopen);
+DECLARE_int32(bloom_bits);
+DECLARE_bool(use_block_based_filter);
+DECLARE_bool(partition_filters);
+DECLARE_int32(index_type);
+DECLARE_string(db);
+DECLARE_string(secondaries_base);
+DECLARE_bool(enable_secondary);
+DECLARE_string(expected_values_path);
+DECLARE_bool(verify_checksum);
+DECLARE_bool(mmap_read);
+DECLARE_bool(mmap_write);
+DECLARE_bool(use_direct_reads);
+DECLARE_bool(use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction);
+DECLARE_bool(statistics);
+DECLARE_bool(sync);
+DECLARE_bool(use_fsync);
+DECLARE_int32(kill_random_test);
+DECLARE_string(kill_prefix_blacklist);
+DECLARE_bool(disable_wal);
+DECLARE_uint64(recycle_log_file_num);
+DECLARE_int64(target_file_size_base);
+DECLARE_int32(target_file_size_multiplier);
+DECLARE_uint64(max_bytes_for_level_base);
+DECLARE_double(max_bytes_for_level_multiplier);
+DECLARE_int32(range_deletion_width);
+DECLARE_uint64(rate_limiter_bytes_per_sec);
+DECLARE_bool(rate_limit_bg_reads);
+DECLARE_bool(use_txn);
+DECLARE_int32(backup_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(checkpoint_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(ingest_external_file_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(ingest_external_file_width);
+DECLARE_int32(compact_files_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(compact_range_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(flush_one_in);
+DECLARE_int32(compact_range_width);
+DECLARE_int32(acquire_snapshot_one_in);
+DECLARE_bool(compare_full_db_state_snapshot);
+DECLARE_uint64(snapshot_hold_ops);
+DECLARE_bool(use_multiget);
+DECLARE_int32(readpercent);
+DECLARE_int32(prefixpercent);
+DECLARE_int32(writepercent);
+DECLARE_int32(delpercent);
+DECLARE_int32(delrangepercent);
+DECLARE_int32(nooverwritepercent);
+DECLARE_int32(iterpercent);
+DECLARE_uint64(num_iterations);
+DECLARE_string(compression_type);
+DECLARE_int32(compression_max_dict_bytes);
+DECLARE_int32(compression_zstd_max_train_bytes);
+DECLARE_string(checksum_type);
+DECLARE_string(hdfs);
+DECLARE_string(env_uri);
+DECLARE_uint64(ops_per_thread);
+DECLARE_uint64(log2_keys_per_lock);
+DECLARE_uint64(max_manifest_file_size);
+DECLARE_bool(in_place_update);
+DECLARE_int32(secondary_catch_up_one_in);
+DECLARE_string(memtablerep);
+DECLARE_int32(prefix_size);
+DECLARE_bool(use_merge);
+DECLARE_bool(use_full_merge_v1);
+
+static const long KB = 1024;
+static const int kRandomValueMaxFactor = 3;
+static const int kValueMaxLen = 100;
+
+static std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Env> env_guard;
+// posix or hdfs environment
+extern rocksdb::Env* FLAGS_env;
+
+extern enum rocksdb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type_e;
+extern enum rocksdb::ChecksumType FLAGS_checksum_type_e;
+
+enum RepFactory { kSkipList, kHashSkipList, kVectorRep };
+
+inline enum RepFactory StringToRepFactory(const char* ctype) {
+  assert(ctype);
+
+  if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "skip_list"))
+    return kSkipList;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "prefix_hash"))
+    return kHashSkipList;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "vector"))
+    return kVectorRep;
+
+  fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse memreptable %s\n", ctype);
+  return kSkipList;
+}
+
+extern enum RepFactory FLAGS_rep_factory;
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+inline enum rocksdb::CompressionType StringToCompressionType(
+    const char* ctype) {
+  assert(ctype);
+
+  if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "none"))
+    return rocksdb::kNoCompression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "snappy"))
+    return rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zlib"))
+    return rocksdb::kZlibCompression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "bzip2"))
+    return rocksdb::kBZip2Compression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "lz4"))
+    return rocksdb::kLZ4Compression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "lz4hc"))
+    return rocksdb::kLZ4HCCompression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "xpress"))
+    return rocksdb::kXpressCompression;
+  else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zstd"))
+    return rocksdb::kZSTD;
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "Cannot parse compression type '%s'\n", ctype);
+  return rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;  // default value
+}
+
+inline enum rocksdb::ChecksumType StringToChecksumType(const char* ctype) {
+  assert(ctype);
+  auto iter = rocksdb::checksum_type_string_map.find(ctype);
+  if (iter != rocksdb::checksum_type_string_map.end()) {
+    return iter->second;
+  }
+  fprintf(stderr, "Cannot parse checksum type '%s'\n", ctype);
+  return rocksdb::kCRC32c;
+}
+
+inline std::string ChecksumTypeToString(rocksdb::ChecksumType ctype) {
+  auto iter = std::find_if(
+      rocksdb::checksum_type_string_map.begin(),
+      rocksdb::checksum_type_string_map.end(),
+      [&](const std::pair<std::string, rocksdb::ChecksumType>&
+              name_and_enum_val) { return name_and_enum_val.second == ctype; });
+  assert(iter != rocksdb::checksum_type_string_map.end());
+  return iter->first;
+}
+
+inline std::vector<std::string> SplitString(std::string src) {
+  std::vector<std::string> ret;
+  if (src.empty()) {
+    return ret;
+  }
+  size_t pos = 0;
+  size_t pos_comma;
+  while ((pos_comma = src.find(',', pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+    ret.push_back(src.substr(pos, pos_comma - pos));
+    pos = pos_comma + 1;
+  }
+  ret.push_back(src.substr(pos, src.length()));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+// truncation of constant value on static_cast
+#pragma warning(disable : 4309)
+#endif
+inline bool GetNextPrefix(const rocksdb::Slice& src, std::string* v) {
+  std::string ret = src.ToString();
+  for (int i = static_cast<int>(ret.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    if (ret[i] != static_cast<char>(255)) {
+      ret[i] = ret[i] + 1;
+      break;
+    } else if (i != 0) {
+      ret[i] = 0;
+    } else {
+      // all FF. No next prefix
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  *v = ret;
+  return true;
+}
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+// convert long to a big-endian slice key
+extern inline std::string Key(int64_t val) {
+  std::string little_endian_key;
+  std::string big_endian_key;
+  PutFixed64(&little_endian_key, val);
+  assert(little_endian_key.size() == sizeof(val));
+  big_endian_key.resize(sizeof(val));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(val); ++i) {
+    big_endian_key[i] = little_endian_key[sizeof(val) - 1 - i];
+  }
+  return big_endian_key;
+}
+
+extern inline bool GetIntVal(std::string big_endian_key, uint64_t* key_p) {
+  unsigned int size_key = sizeof(*key_p);
+  assert(big_endian_key.size() == size_key);
+  std::string little_endian_key;
+  little_endian_key.resize(size_key);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < size_key; ++i) {
+    little_endian_key[i] = big_endian_key[size_key - 1 - i];
+  }
+  Slice little_endian_slice = Slice(little_endian_key);
+  return GetFixed64(&little_endian_slice, key_p);
+}
+
+extern inline std::string StringToHex(const std::string& str) {
+  std::string result = "0x";
+  result.append(Slice(str).ToString(true));
+  return result;
+}
+
+extern void PoolSizeChangeThread(void* v);
+
+extern void PrintKeyValue(int cf, uint64_t key, const char* value, size_t sz);
+
+extern int64_t GenerateOneKey(ThreadState* thread, uint64_t iteration);
+
+extern std::vector<int64_t> GenerateNKeys(ThreadState* thread, int num_keys,
+                                          uint64_t iteration);
+
+extern size_t GenerateValue(uint32_t rand, char* v, size_t max_sz);
+
+extern StressTest* CreateCfConsistencyStressTest();
+extern StressTest* CreateBatchedOpsStressTest();
+extern StressTest* CreateNonBatchedOpsStressTest();
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+//
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+void ThreadBody(void* v) {
+  ThreadState* thread = reinterpret_cast<ThreadState*>(v);
+  SharedState* shared = thread->shared;
+
+  if (shared->ShouldVerifyAtBeginning()) {
+    thread->shared->GetStressTest()->VerifyDb(thread);
+  }
+  {
+    MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
+    shared->IncInitialized();
+    if (shared->AllInitialized()) {
+      shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
+    }
+    while (!shared->Started()) {
+      shared->GetCondVar()->Wait();
+    }
+  }
+  thread->shared->GetStressTest()->OperateDb(thread);
+
+  {
+    MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
+    shared->IncOperated();
+    if (shared->AllOperated()) {
+      shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
+    }
+    while (!shared->VerifyStarted()) {
+      shared->GetCondVar()->Wait();
+    }
+  }
+
+  thread->shared->GetStressTest()->VerifyDb(thread);
+
+  {
+    MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
+    shared->IncDone();
+    if (shared->AllDone()) {
+      shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool RunStressTest(StressTest* stress) {
+  stress->InitDb();
+
+  SharedState shared(FLAGS_env, stress);
+  if (FLAGS_read_only) {
+    stress->InitReadonlyDb(&shared);
+  }
+
+  uint32_t n = shared.GetNumThreads();
+
+  uint64_t now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
+  fprintf(stdout, "%s Initializing worker threads\n",
+          FLAGS_env->TimeToString(now / 1000000).c_str());
+  std::vector<ThreadState*> threads(n);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    threads[i] = new ThreadState(i, &shared);
+    FLAGS_env->StartThread(ThreadBody, threads[i]);
+  }
+  ThreadState bg_thread(0, &shared);
+  if (FLAGS_compaction_thread_pool_adjust_interval > 0) {
+    FLAGS_env->StartThread(PoolSizeChangeThread, &bg_thread);
+  }
+
+  // Each thread goes through the following states:
+  // initializing -> wait for others to init -> read/populate/depopulate
+  // wait for others to operate -> verify -> done
+
+  {
+    MutexLock l(shared.GetMutex());
+    while (!shared.AllInitialized()) {
+      shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
+    }
+    if (shared.ShouldVerifyAtBeginning()) {
+      if (shared.HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+        printf("Crash-recovery verification failed :(\n");
+      } else {
+        printf("Crash-recovery verification passed :)\n");
+      }
+    }
+
+    now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
+    fprintf(stdout, "%s Starting database operations\n",
+            FLAGS_env->TimeToString(now / 1000000).c_str());
+
+    shared.SetStart();
+    shared.GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
+    while (!shared.AllOperated()) {
+      shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
+    }
+
+    now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
+    if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
+      fprintf(stdout, "%s Limited verification already done during gets\n",
+              FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t)now / 1000000).c_str());
+    } else {
+      fprintf(stdout, "%s Starting verification\n",
+              FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t)now / 1000000).c_str());
+    }
+
+    shared.SetStartVerify();
+    shared.GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
+    while (!shared.AllDone()) {
+      shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    threads[0]->stats.Merge(threads[i]->stats);
+  }
+  threads[0]->stats.Report("Stress Test");
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    delete threads[i];
+    threads[i] = nullptr;
+  }
+  now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
+  if (!FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots && !shared.HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+    fprintf(stdout, "%s Verification successful\n",
+            FLAGS_env->TimeToString(now / 1000000).c_str());
+  }
+  stress->PrintStatistics();
+
+  if (FLAGS_compaction_thread_pool_adjust_interval > 0) {
+    MutexLock l(shared.GetMutex());
+    shared.SetShouldStopBgThread();
+    while (!shared.BgThreadFinished()) {
+      shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!stress->VerifySecondaries()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (shared.HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+    printf("Verification failed :(\n");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#pragma once
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_test_base.h"
+namespace rocksdb {
+extern void ThreadBody(void* /*thread_state*/);
+extern bool RunStressTest(StressTest*);
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+
+static bool ValidateUint32Range(const char* flagname, uint64_t value) {
+  if (value > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %lu, overflow\n", flagname,
+            (unsigned long)value);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+DEFINE_uint64(seed, 2341234, "Seed for PRNG");
+static const bool FLAGS_seed_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_seed, &ValidateUint32Range);
+
+DEFINE_bool(read_only, false, "True if open DB in read-only mode during tests");
+
+DEFINE_int64(max_key, 1 * KB * KB,
+             "Max number of key/values to place in database");
+
+DEFINE_int32(column_families, 10, "Number of column families");
+
+DEFINE_string(
+    options_file, "",
+    "The path to a RocksDB options file.  If specified, then db_stress will "
+    "run with the RocksDB options in the default column family of the "
+    "specified options file. Note that, when an options file is provided, "
+    "db_stress will ignore the flag values for all options that may be passed "
+    "via options file.");
+
+DEFINE_int64(
+    active_width, 0,
+    "Number of keys in active span of the key-range at any given time. The "
+    "span begins with its left endpoint at key 0, gradually moves rightwards, "
+    "and ends with its right endpoint at max_key. If set to 0, active_width "
+    "will be sanitized to be equal to max_key.");
+
+// TODO(noetzli) Add support for single deletes
+DEFINE_bool(test_batches_snapshots, false,
+            "If set, the test uses MultiGet(), MultiPut() and MultiDelete()"
+            " which read/write/delete multiple keys in a batch. In this mode,"
+            " we do not verify db content by comparing the content with the "
+            "pre-allocated array. Instead, we do partial verification inside"
+            " MultiGet() by checking various values in a batch. Benefit of"
+            " this mode:\n"
+            "\t(a) No need to acquire mutexes during writes (less cache "
+            "flushes in multi-core leading to speed up)\n"
+            "\t(b) No long validation at the end (more speed up)\n"
+            "\t(c) Test snapshot and atomicity of batch writes");
+
+DEFINE_bool(atomic_flush, false,
+            "If set, enables atomic flush in the options.\n");
+
+DEFINE_bool(test_cf_consistency, false,
+            "If set, runs the stress test dedicated to verifying writes to "
+            "multiple column families are consistent. Setting this implies "
+            "`atomic_flush=true` is set true if `disable_wal=false`.\n");
+
+DEFINE_int32(threads, 32, "Number of concurrent threads to run.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(ttl, -1,
+             "Opens the db with this ttl value if this is not -1. "
+             "Carefully specify a large value such that verifications on "
+             "deleted values don't fail");
+
+DEFINE_int32(value_size_mult, 8,
+             "Size of value will be this number times rand_int(1,3) bytes");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compaction_readahead_size, 0, "Compaction readahead size");
+
+DEFINE_bool(enable_pipelined_write, false, "Pipeline WAL/memtable writes");
+
+DEFINE_bool(verify_before_write, false, "Verify before write");
+
+DEFINE_bool(histogram, false, "Print histogram of operation timings");
+
+DEFINE_bool(destroy_db_initially, true,
+            "Destroys the database dir before start if this is true");
+
+DEFINE_bool(verbose, false, "Verbose");
+
+DEFINE_bool(progress_reports, true,
+            "If true, db_stress will report number of finished operations");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(db_write_buffer_size, rocksdb::Options().db_write_buffer_size,
+              "Number of bytes to buffer in all memtables before compacting");
+
+DEFINE_int32(write_buffer_size,
+             static_cast<int32_t>(rocksdb::Options().write_buffer_size),
+             "Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting");
+
+DEFINE_int32(max_write_buffer_number,
+             rocksdb::Options().max_write_buffer_number,
+             "The number of in-memory memtables. "
+             "Each memtable is of size FLAGS_write_buffer_size.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(min_write_buffer_number_to_merge,
+             rocksdb::Options().min_write_buffer_number_to_merge,
+             "The minimum number of write buffers that will be merged together "
+             "before writing to storage. This is cheap because it is an "
+             "in-memory merge. If this feature is not enabled, then all these "
+             "write buffers are flushed to L0 as separate files and this "
+             "increases read amplification because a get request has to check "
+             "in all of these files. Also, an in-memory merge may result in "
+             "writing less data to storage if there are duplicate records in"
+             " each of these individual write buffers.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain,
+             rocksdb::Options().max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain,
+             "The total maximum number of write buffers to maintain in memory "
+             "including copies of buffers that have already been flushed. "
+             "Unlike max_write_buffer_number, this parameter does not affect "
+             "flushing. This controls the minimum amount of write history "
+             "that will be available in memory for conflict checking when "
+             "Transactions are used. If this value is too low, some "
+             "transactions may fail at commit time due to not being able to "
+             "determine whether there were any write conflicts. Setting this "
+             "value to 0 will cause write buffers to be freed immediately "
+             "after they are flushed.  If this value is set to -1, "
+             "'max_write_buffer_number' will be used.");
+
+DEFINE_int64(max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain,
+             rocksdb::Options().max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain,
+             "The total maximum size of write buffers to maintain in memory "
+             "including copies of buffers that have already been flushed. "
+             "Unlike max_write_buffer_number, this parameter does not affect "
+             "flushing. This controls the minimum amount of write history "
+             "that will be available in memory for conflict checking when "
+             "Transactions are used. If this value is too low, some "
+             "transactions may fail at commit time due to not being able to "
+             "determine whether there were any write conflicts. Setting this "
+             "value to 0 will cause write buffers to be freed immediately "
+             "after they are flushed.  If this value is set to -1, "
+             "'max_write_buffer_number' will be used.");
+
+DEFINE_double(memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio,
+              rocksdb::Options().memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio,
+              "creates prefix blooms for memtables, each with size "
+              "`write_buffer_size * memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio`.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(memtable_whole_key_filtering,
+            rocksdb::Options().memtable_whole_key_filtering,
+            "Enable whole key filtering in memtables.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(open_files, rocksdb::Options().max_open_files,
+             "Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time "
+             "(use default if == 0)");
+
+DEFINE_int64(compressed_cache_size, -1,
+             "Number of bytes to use as a cache of compressed data."
+             " Negative means use default settings.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compaction_style, rocksdb::Options().compaction_style, "");
+
+DEFINE_int32(level0_file_num_compaction_trigger,
+             rocksdb::Options().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger,
+             "Level0 compaction start trigger");
+
+DEFINE_int32(level0_slowdown_writes_trigger,
+             rocksdb::Options().level0_slowdown_writes_trigger,
+             "Number of files in level-0 that will slow down writes");
+
+DEFINE_int32(level0_stop_writes_trigger,
+             rocksdb::Options().level0_stop_writes_trigger,
+             "Number of files in level-0 that will trigger put stop.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(block_size,
+             static_cast<int32_t>(rocksdb::BlockBasedTableOptions().block_size),
+             "Number of bytes in a block.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(
+    format_version,
+    static_cast<int32_t>(rocksdb::BlockBasedTableOptions().format_version),
+    "Format version of SST files.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(index_block_restart_interval,
+             rocksdb::BlockBasedTableOptions().index_block_restart_interval,
+             "Number of keys between restart points "
+             "for delta encoding of keys in index block.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(max_background_compactions,
+             rocksdb::Options().max_background_compactions,
+             "The maximum number of concurrent background compactions "
+             "that can occur in parallel.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(num_bottom_pri_threads, 0,
+             "The number of threads in the bottom-priority thread pool (used "
+             "by universal compaction only).");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compaction_thread_pool_adjust_interval, 0,
+             "The interval (in milliseconds) to adjust compaction thread pool "
+             "size. Don't change it periodically if the value is 0.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compaction_thread_pool_variations, 2,
+             "Range of background thread pool size variations when adjusted "
+             "periodically.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(max_background_flushes, rocksdb::Options().max_background_flushes,
+             "The maximum number of concurrent background flushes "
+             "that can occur in parallel.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(universal_size_ratio, 0,
+             "The ratio of file sizes that trigger"
+             " compaction in universal style");
+
+DEFINE_int32(universal_min_merge_width, 0,
+             "The minimum number of files to "
+             "compact in universal style compaction");
+
+DEFINE_int32(universal_max_merge_width, 0,
+             "The max number of files to compact"
+             " in universal style compaction");
+
+DEFINE_int32(universal_max_size_amplification_percent, 0,
+             "The max size amplification for universal style compaction");
+
+DEFINE_int32(clear_column_family_one_in, 1000000,
+             "With a chance of 1/N, delete a column family and then recreate "
+             "it again. If N == 0, never drop/create column families. "
+             "When test_batches_snapshots is true, this flag has no effect");
+
+DEFINE_int32(set_options_one_in, 0,
+             "With a chance of 1/N, change some random options");
+
+DEFINE_int32(set_in_place_one_in, 0,
+             "With a chance of 1/N, toggle in place support option");
+
+DEFINE_int64(cache_size, 2LL * KB * KB * KB,
+             "Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed data.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(cache_index_and_filter_blocks, false,
+            "True if indexes/filters should be cached in block cache.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_clock_cache, false,
+            "Replace default LRU block cache with clock cache.");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(subcompactions, 1,
+              "Maximum number of subcompactions to divide L0-L1 compactions "
+              "into.");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(periodic_compaction_seconds, 1000,
+              "Files older than this value will be picked up for compaction.");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(compaction_ttl, 1000,
+              "Files older than TTL will be compacted to the next level.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(allow_concurrent_memtable_write, false,
+            "Allow multi-writers to update mem tables in parallel.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield, true,
+            "Use a yielding spin loop for brief writer thread waits.");
+
+static const bool FLAGS_subcompactions_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_subcompactions, &ValidateUint32Range);
+
+static bool ValidateInt32Positive(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
+  if (value < 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be >=0\n", flagname,
+            value);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+DEFINE_int32(reopen, 10, "Number of times database reopens");
+static const bool FLAGS_reopen_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_reopen, &ValidateInt32Positive);
+
+DEFINE_int32(bloom_bits, 10,
+             "Bloom filter bits per key. "
+             "Negative means use default settings.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_block_based_filter, false,
+            "use block based filter"
+            "instead of full filter for block based table");
+
+DEFINE_bool(partition_filters, false,
+            "use partitioned filters "
+            "for block-based table");
+
+DEFINE_int32(
+    index_type,
+    static_cast<int32_t>(rocksdb::BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearch),
+    "Type of block-based table index (see `enum IndexType` in table.h)");
+
+DEFINE_string(db, "", "Use the db with the following name.");
+
+DEFINE_string(secondaries_base, "",
+              "Use this path as the base path for secondary instances.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(enable_secondary, false, "Enable secondary instance.");
+
+DEFINE_string(
+    expected_values_path, "",
+    "File where the array of expected uint32_t values will be stored. If "
+    "provided and non-empty, the DB state will be verified against these "
+    "values after recovery. --max_key and --column_family must be kept the "
+    "same across invocations of this program that use the same "
+    "--expected_values_path.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(verify_checksum, false,
+            "Verify checksum for every block read from storage");
+
+DEFINE_bool(mmap_read, rocksdb::Options().allow_mmap_reads,
+            "Allow reads to occur via mmap-ing files");
+
+DEFINE_bool(mmap_write, rocksdb::Options().allow_mmap_writes,
+            "Allow writes to occur via mmap-ing files");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_direct_reads, rocksdb::Options().use_direct_reads,
+            "Use O_DIRECT for reading data");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction,
+            rocksdb::Options().use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction,
+            "Use O_DIRECT for writing data");
+
+DEFINE_bool(statistics, false, "Create database statistics");
+
+DEFINE_bool(sync, false, "Sync all writes to disk");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_fsync, false, "If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync");
+
+DEFINE_int32(kill_random_test, 0,
+             "If non-zero, kill at various points in source code with "
+             "probability 1/this");
+static const bool FLAGS_kill_random_test_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_kill_random_test, &ValidateInt32Positive);
+extern int rocksdb_kill_odds;
+
+DEFINE_string(kill_prefix_blacklist, "",
+              "If non-empty, kill points with prefix in the list given will be"
+              " skipped. Items are comma-separated.");
+extern std::vector<std::string> rocksdb_kill_prefix_blacklist;
+
+DEFINE_bool(disable_wal, false, "If true, do not write WAL for write.");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(recycle_log_file_num, rocksdb::Options().recycle_log_file_num,
+              "Number of old WAL files to keep around for later recycling");
+
+DEFINE_int64(target_file_size_base, rocksdb::Options().target_file_size_base,
+             "Target level-1 file size for compaction");
+
+DEFINE_int32(target_file_size_multiplier, 1,
+             "A multiplier to compute target level-N file size (N >= 2)");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(max_bytes_for_level_base,
+              rocksdb::Options().max_bytes_for_level_base,
+              "Max bytes for level-1");
+
+DEFINE_double(max_bytes_for_level_multiplier, 2,
+              "A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N (N >= 2)");
+
+DEFINE_int32(range_deletion_width, 10,
+             "The width of the range deletion intervals.");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(rate_limiter_bytes_per_sec, 0, "Set options.rate_limiter value.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(rate_limit_bg_reads, false,
+            "Use options.rate_limiter on compaction reads");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_txn, false,
+            "Use TransactionDB. Currently the default write policy is "
+            "TxnDBWritePolicy::WRITE_PREPARED");
+
+DEFINE_int32(backup_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then CreateNewBackup() will be called once for "
+             "every N operations on average.  0 indicates CreateNewBackup() "
+             "is disabled.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(checkpoint_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then CreateCheckpoint() will be called once for "
+             "every N operations on average.  0 indicates CreateCheckpoint() "
+             "is disabled.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(ingest_external_file_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then IngestExternalFile() will be called once for "
+             "every N operations on average.  0 indicates IngestExternalFile() "
+             "is disabled.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(ingest_external_file_width, 1000,
+             "The width of the ingested external files.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compact_files_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then CompactFiles() will be called once for every N "
+             "operations on average.  0 indicates CompactFiles() is disabled.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compact_range_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then CompactRange() will be called once for every N "
+             "operations on average.  0 indicates CompactRange() is disabled.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(flush_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then Flush() will be called once for every N ops "
+             "on average.  0 indicates calls to Flush() are disabled.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compact_range_width, 10000,
+             "The width of the ranges passed to CompactRange().");
+
+DEFINE_int32(acquire_snapshot_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, then acquires a snapshot once every N operations on "
+             "average.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(compare_full_db_state_snapshot, false,
+            "If set we compare state of entire db (in one of the threads) with"
+            "each snapshot.");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(snapshot_hold_ops, 0,
+              "If non-zero, then releases snapshots N operations after they're "
+              "acquired.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_multiget, false,
+            "If set, use the batched MultiGet API for reads");
+
+static bool ValidateInt32Percent(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
+  if (value < 0 || value > 100) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, 0<= pct <=100 \n", flagname,
+            value);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+DEFINE_int32(readpercent, 10,
+             "Ratio of reads to total workload (expressed as a percentage)");
+static const bool FLAGS_readpercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_readpercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_int32(prefixpercent, 20,
+             "Ratio of prefix iterators to total workload (expressed as a"
+             " percentage)");
+static const bool FLAGS_prefixpercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_prefixpercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_int32(writepercent, 45,
+             "Ratio of writes to total workload (expressed as a percentage)");
+static const bool FLAGS_writepercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_writepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_int32(delpercent, 15,
+             "Ratio of deletes to total workload (expressed as a percentage)");
+static const bool FLAGS_delpercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_delpercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_int32(delrangepercent, 0,
+             "Ratio of range deletions to total workload (expressed as a "
+             "percentage). Cannot be used with test_batches_snapshots");
+static const bool FLAGS_delrangepercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_delrangepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_int32(nooverwritepercent, 60,
+             "Ratio of keys without overwrite to total workload (expressed as "
+             " a percentage)");
+static const bool FLAGS_nooverwritepercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_nooverwritepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_int32(iterpercent, 10,
+             "Ratio of iterations to total workload"
+             " (expressed as a percentage)");
+static const bool FLAGS_iterpercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_iterpercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
+
+DEFINE_uint64(num_iterations, 10, "Number of iterations per MultiIterate run");
+static const bool FLAGS_num_iterations_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_num_iterations, &ValidateUint32Range);
+
+DEFINE_string(compression_type, "snappy",
+              "Algorithm to use to compress the database");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compression_max_dict_bytes, 0,
+             "Maximum size of dictionary used to prime the compression "
+             "library.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(compression_zstd_max_train_bytes, 0,
+             "Maximum size of training data passed to zstd's dictionary "
+             "trainer.");
+
+DEFINE_string(checksum_type, "kCRC32c", "Algorithm to use to checksum blocks");
+
+DEFINE_string(hdfs, "", "Name of hdfs environment");
+
+DEFINE_string(env_uri, "",
+              "URI for env lookup. Mutually exclusive with --hdfs");
+
+DEFINE_uint64(ops_per_thread, 1200000, "Number of operations per thread.");
+static const bool FLAGS_ops_per_thread_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_ops_per_thread, &ValidateUint32Range);
+
+DEFINE_uint64(log2_keys_per_lock, 2, "Log2 of number of keys per lock");
+static const bool FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock, &ValidateUint32Range);
+
+DEFINE_uint64(max_manifest_file_size, 16384, "Maximum size of a MANIFEST file");
+
+DEFINE_bool(in_place_update, false, "On true, does inplace update in memtable");
+
+DEFINE_int32(secondary_catch_up_one_in, 0,
+             "If non-zero, the secondaries attemp to catch up with the primary "
+             "once for every N operations on average. 0 indicates the "
+             "secondaries do not try to catch up after open.");
+
+DEFINE_string(memtablerep, "skip_list", "");
+
+inline static bool ValidatePrefixSize(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
+  if (value < -1 || value > 8) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d. -1 <= PrefixSize <= 8\n",
+            flagname, value);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+DEFINE_int32(prefix_size, 7,
+             "Control the prefix size for HashSkipListRep. "
+             "-1 is disabled.");
+static const bool FLAGS_prefix_size_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
+    RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_prefix_size, &ValidatePrefixSize);
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_merge, false,
+            "On true, replaces all writes with a Merge "
+            "that behaves like a Put");
+
+DEFINE_bool(use_full_merge_v1, false,
+            "On true, use a merge operator that implement the deprecated "
+            "version of FullMerge");
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_listener.h

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#pragma once
+
+#include "rocksdb/listener.h"
+#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
+
+DECLARE_int32(compact_files_one_in);
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+class DbStressListener : public EventListener {
+ public:
+  DbStressListener(const std::string& db_name,
+                   const std::vector<DbPath>& db_paths,
+                   const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families)
+      : db_name_(db_name),
+        db_paths_(db_paths),
+        column_families_(column_families),
+        num_pending_file_creations_(0) {}
+  virtual ~DbStressListener() { assert(num_pending_file_creations_ == 0); }
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  virtual void OnFlushCompleted(DB* /*db*/, const FlushJobInfo& info) override {
+    assert(IsValidColumnFamilyName(info.cf_name));
+    VerifyFilePath(info.file_path);
+    // pretending doing some work here
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(
+        std::chrono::microseconds(Random::GetTLSInstance()->Uniform(5000)));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnCompactionCompleted(DB* /*db*/,
+                                     const CompactionJobInfo& ci) override {
+    assert(IsValidColumnFamilyName(ci.cf_name));
+    assert(ci.input_files.size() + ci.output_files.size() > 0U);
+    for (const auto& file_path : ci.input_files) {
+      VerifyFilePath(file_path);
+    }
+    for (const auto& file_path : ci.output_files) {
+      VerifyFilePath(file_path);
+    }
+    // pretending doing some work here
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(
+        std::chrono::microseconds(Random::GetTLSInstance()->Uniform(5000)));
+  }
+
+  virtual void OnTableFileCreationStarted(
+      const TableFileCreationBriefInfo& /*info*/) override {
+    ++num_pending_file_creations_;
+  }
+  virtual void OnTableFileCreated(const TableFileCreationInfo& info) override {
+    assert(info.db_name == db_name_);
+    assert(IsValidColumnFamilyName(info.cf_name));
+    if (info.file_size) {
+      VerifyFilePath(info.file_path);
+    }
+    assert(info.job_id > 0 || FLAGS_compact_files_one_in > 0);
+    if (info.status.ok() && info.file_size > 0) {
+      assert(info.table_properties.data_size > 0 ||
+             info.table_properties.num_range_deletions > 0);
+      assert(info.table_properties.raw_key_size > 0);
+      assert(info.table_properties.num_entries > 0);
+    }
+    --num_pending_file_creations_;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  bool IsValidColumnFamilyName(const std::string& cf_name) const {
+    if (cf_name == kDefaultColumnFamilyName) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // The column family names in the stress tests are numbers.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cf_name.size(); ++i) {
+      if (cf_name[i] < '0' || cf_name[i] > '9') {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void VerifyFileDir(const std::string& file_dir) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    if (db_name_ == file_dir) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const auto& db_path : db_paths_) {
+      if (db_path.path == file_dir) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    for (auto& cf : column_families_) {
+      for (const auto& cf_path : cf.options.cf_paths) {
+        if (cf_path.path == file_dir) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    assert(false);
+#else
+    (void)file_dir;
+#endif  // !NDEBUG
+  }
+
+  void VerifyFileName(const std::string& file_name) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    uint64_t file_number;
+    FileType file_type;
+    bool result = ParseFileName(file_name, &file_number, &file_type);
+    assert(result);
+    assert(file_type == kTableFile);
+#else
+    (void)file_name;
+#endif  // !NDEBUG
+  }
+
+  void VerifyFilePath(const std::string& file_path) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    size_t pos = file_path.find_last_of("/");
+    if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+      VerifyFileName(file_path);
+    } else {
+      if (pos > 0) {
+        VerifyFileDir(file_path.substr(0, pos));
+      }
+      VerifyFileName(file_path.substr(pos));
+    }
+#else
+    (void)file_path;
+#endif  // !NDEBUG
+  }
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+ private:
+  std::string db_name_;
+  std::vector<DbPath> db_paths_;
+  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families_;
+  std::atomic<int> num_pending_file_creations_;
+};
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+//
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+const uint32_t SharedState::UNKNOWN_SENTINEL = 0xfffffffe;
+// indicates a key should definitely be deleted
+const uint32_t SharedState::DELETION_SENTINEL = 0xffffffff;
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.h

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#pragma once
+
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_stat.h"
+#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
+
+DECLARE_uint64(seed);
+DECLARE_int64(max_key);
+DECLARE_uint64(log2_keys_per_lock);
+DECLARE_int32(threads);
+DECLARE_int32(column_families);
+DECLARE_int32(nooverwritepercent);
+DECLARE_string(expected_values_path);
+DECLARE_int32(clear_column_family_one_in);
+DECLARE_bool(test_batches_snapshots);
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+class StressTest;
+
+// State shared by all concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
+class SharedState {
+ public:
+  // indicates a key may have any value (or not be present) as an operation on
+  // it is incomplete.
+  static const uint32_t UNKNOWN_SENTINEL;
+  // indicates a key should definitely be deleted
+  static const uint32_t DELETION_SENTINEL;
+
+  SharedState(Env* env, StressTest* stress_test)
+      : cv_(&mu_),
+        seed_(static_cast<uint32_t>(FLAGS_seed)),
+        max_key_(FLAGS_max_key),
+        log2_keys_per_lock_(static_cast<uint32_t>(FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock)),
+        num_threads_(FLAGS_threads),
+        num_initialized_(0),
+        num_populated_(0),
+        vote_reopen_(0),
+        num_done_(0),
+        start_(false),
+        start_verify_(false),
+        should_stop_bg_thread_(false),
+        bg_thread_finished_(false),
+        stress_test_(stress_test),
+        verification_failure_(false),
+        no_overwrite_ids_(FLAGS_column_families),
+        values_(nullptr),
+        printing_verification_results_(false) {
+    // Pick random keys in each column family that will not experience
+    // overwrite
+
+    printf("Choosing random keys with no overwrite\n");
+    Random64 rnd(seed_);
+    // Start with the identity permutation. Subsequent iterations of
+    // for loop below will start with perm of previous for loop
+    int64_t* permutation = new int64_t[max_key_];
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < max_key_; i++) {
+      permutation[i] = i;
+    }
+    // Now do the Knuth shuffle
+    int64_t num_no_overwrite_keys = (max_key_ * FLAGS_nooverwritepercent) / 100;
+    // Only need to figure out first num_no_overwrite_keys of permutation
+    no_overwrite_ids_.reserve(num_no_overwrite_keys);
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_no_overwrite_keys; i++) {
+      int64_t rand_index = i + rnd.Next() % (max_key_ - i);
+      // Swap i and rand_index;
+      int64_t temp = permutation[i];
+      permutation[i] = permutation[rand_index];
+      permutation[rand_index] = temp;
+      // Fill no_overwrite_ids_ with the first num_no_overwrite_keys of
+      // permutation
+      no_overwrite_ids_.insert(permutation[i]);
+    }
+    delete[] permutation;
+
+    size_t expected_values_size =
+        sizeof(std::atomic<uint32_t>) * FLAGS_column_families * max_key_;
+    bool values_init_needed = false;
+    Status status;
+    if (!FLAGS_expected_values_path.empty()) {
+      if (!std::atomic<uint32_t>{}.is_lock_free()) {
+        status = Status::InvalidArgument(
+            "Cannot use --expected_values_path on platforms without lock-free "
+            "std::atomic<uint32_t>");
+      }
+      if (status.ok() && FLAGS_clear_column_family_one_in > 0) {
+        status = Status::InvalidArgument(
+            "Cannot use --expected_values_path on when "
+            "--clear_column_family_one_in is greater than zero.");
+      }
+      uint64_t size = 0;
+      if (status.ok()) {
+        status = env->GetFileSize(FLAGS_expected_values_path, &size);
+      }
+      std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> wfile;
+      if (status.ok() && size == 0) {
+        const EnvOptions soptions;
+        status =
+            env->NewWritableFile(FLAGS_expected_values_path, &wfile, soptions);
+      }
+      if (status.ok() && size == 0) {
+        std::string buf(expected_values_size, '\0');
+        status = wfile->Append(buf);
+        values_init_needed = true;
+      }
+      if (status.ok()) {
+        status = env->NewMemoryMappedFileBuffer(FLAGS_expected_values_path,
+                                                &expected_mmap_buffer_);
+      }
+      if (status.ok()) {
+        assert(expected_mmap_buffer_->GetLen() == expected_values_size);
+        values_ = static_cast<std::atomic<uint32_t>*>(
+            expected_mmap_buffer_->GetBase());
+        assert(values_ != nullptr);
+      } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed opening shared file '%s' with error: %s\n",
+                FLAGS_expected_values_path.c_str(), status.ToString().c_str());
+        assert(values_ == nullptr);
+      }
+    }
+    if (values_ == nullptr) {
+      values_allocation_.reset(
+          new std::atomic<uint32_t>[FLAGS_column_families * max_key_]);
+      values_ = &values_allocation_[0];
+      values_init_needed = true;
+    }
+    assert(values_ != nullptr);
+    if (values_init_needed) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_column_families; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < max_key_; ++j) {
+          Delete(i, j, false /* pending */);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
+      fprintf(stdout, "No lock creation because test_batches_snapshots set\n");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    long num_locks = static_cast<long>(max_key_ >> log2_keys_per_lock_);
+    if (max_key_ & ((1 << log2_keys_per_lock_) - 1)) {
+      num_locks++;
+    }
+    fprintf(stdout, "Creating %ld locks\n", num_locks * FLAGS_column_families);
+    key_locks_.resize(FLAGS_column_families);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_column_families; ++i) {
+      key_locks_[i].resize(num_locks);
+      for (auto& ptr : key_locks_[i]) {
+        ptr.reset(new port::Mutex);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~SharedState() {}
+
+  port::Mutex* GetMutex() { return &mu_; }
+
+  port::CondVar* GetCondVar() { return &cv_; }
+
+  StressTest* GetStressTest() const { return stress_test_; }
+
+  int64_t GetMaxKey() const { return max_key_; }
+
+  uint32_t GetNumThreads() const { return num_threads_; }
+
+  void IncInitialized() { num_initialized_++; }
+
+  void IncOperated() { num_populated_++; }
+
+  void IncDone() { num_done_++; }
+
+  void IncVotedReopen() { vote_reopen_ = (vote_reopen_ + 1) % num_threads_; }
+
+  bool AllInitialized() const { return num_initialized_ >= num_threads_; }
+
+  bool AllOperated() const { return num_populated_ >= num_threads_; }
+
+  bool AllDone() const { return num_done_ >= num_threads_; }
+
+  bool AllVotedReopen() { return (vote_reopen_ == 0); }
+
+  void SetStart() { start_ = true; }
+
+  void SetStartVerify() { start_verify_ = true; }
+
+  bool Started() const { return start_; }
+
+  bool VerifyStarted() const { return start_verify_; }
+
+  void SetVerificationFailure() { verification_failure_.store(true); }
+
+  bool HasVerificationFailedYet() { return verification_failure_.load(); }
+
+  port::Mutex* GetMutexForKey(int cf, int64_t key) {
+    return key_locks_[cf][key >> log2_keys_per_lock_].get();
+  }
+
+  void LockColumnFamily(int cf) {
+    for (auto& mutex : key_locks_[cf]) {
+      mutex->Lock();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void UnlockColumnFamily(int cf) {
+    for (auto& mutex : key_locks_[cf]) {
+      mutex->Unlock();
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::atomic<uint32_t>& Value(int cf, int64_t key) const {
+    return values_[cf * max_key_ + key];
+  }
+
+  void ClearColumnFamily(int cf) {
+    std::fill(&Value(cf, 0 /* key */), &Value(cf + 1, 0 /* key */),
+              DELETION_SENTINEL);
+  }
+
+  // @param pending True if the update may have started but is not yet
+  //    guaranteed finished. This is useful for crash-recovery testing when the
+  //    process may crash before updating the expected values array.
+  void Put(int cf, int64_t key, uint32_t value_base, bool pending) {
+    if (!pending) {
+      // prevent expected-value update from reordering before Write
+      std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
+    }
+    Value(cf, key).store(pending ? UNKNOWN_SENTINEL : value_base,
+                         std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (pending) {
+      // prevent Write from reordering before expected-value update
+      std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint32_t Get(int cf, int64_t key) const { return Value(cf, key); }
+
+  // @param pending See comment above Put()
+  // Returns true if the key was not yet deleted.
+  bool Delete(int cf, int64_t key, bool pending) {
+    if (Value(cf, key) == DELETION_SENTINEL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    Put(cf, key, DELETION_SENTINEL, pending);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // @param pending See comment above Put()
+  // Returns true if the key was not yet deleted.
+  bool SingleDelete(int cf, int64_t key, bool pending) {
+    return Delete(cf, key, pending);
+  }
+
+  // @param pending See comment above Put()
+  // Returns number of keys deleted by the call.
+  int DeleteRange(int cf, int64_t begin_key, int64_t end_key, bool pending) {
+    int covered = 0;
+    for (int64_t key = begin_key; key < end_key; ++key) {
+      if (Delete(cf, key, pending)) {
+        ++covered;
+      }
+    }
+    return covered;
+  }
+
+  bool AllowsOverwrite(int64_t key) {
+    return no_overwrite_ids_.find(key) == no_overwrite_ids_.end();
+  }
+
+  bool Exists(int cf, int64_t key) {
+    // UNKNOWN_SENTINEL counts as exists. That assures a key for which overwrite
+    // is disallowed can't be accidentally added a second time, in which case
+    // SingleDelete wouldn't be able to properly delete the key. It does allow
+    // the case where a SingleDelete might be added which covers nothing, but
+    // that's not a correctness issue.
+    uint32_t expected_value = Value(cf, key).load();
+    return expected_value != DELETION_SENTINEL;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t GetSeed() const { return seed_; }
+
+  void SetShouldStopBgThread() { should_stop_bg_thread_ = true; }
+
+  bool ShoudStopBgThread() { return should_stop_bg_thread_; }
+
+  void SetBgThreadFinish() { bg_thread_finished_ = true; }
+
+  bool BgThreadFinished() const { return bg_thread_finished_; }
+
+  bool ShouldVerifyAtBeginning() const {
+    return expected_mmap_buffer_.get() != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  bool PrintingVerificationResults() {
+    bool tmp = false;
+    return !printing_verification_results_.compare_exchange_strong(
+        tmp, true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+
+  void FinishPrintingVerificationResults() {
+    printing_verification_results_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  port::Mutex mu_;
+  port::CondVar cv_;
+  const uint32_t seed_;
+  const int64_t max_key_;
+  const uint32_t log2_keys_per_lock_;
+  const int num_threads_;
+  long num_initialized_;
+  long num_populated_;
+  long vote_reopen_;
+  long num_done_;
+  bool start_;
+  bool start_verify_;
+  bool should_stop_bg_thread_;
+  bool bg_thread_finished_;
+  StressTest* stress_test_;
+  std::atomic<bool> verification_failure_;
+
+  // Keys that should not be overwritten
+  std::unordered_set<size_t> no_overwrite_ids_;
+
+  std::atomic<uint32_t>* values_;
+  std::unique_ptr<std::atomic<uint32_t>[]> values_allocation_;
+  // Has to make it owned by a smart ptr as port::Mutex is not copyable
+  // and storing it in the container may require copying depending on the impl.
+  std::vector<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<port::Mutex>>> key_locks_;
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryMappedFileBuffer> expected_mmap_buffer_;
+  std::atomic<bool> printing_verification_results_;
+};
+
+// Per-thread state for concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
+struct ThreadState {
+  uint32_t tid;  // 0..n-1
+  Random rand;   // Has different seeds for different threads
+  SharedState* shared;
+  Stats stats;
+  struct SnapshotState {
+    const Snapshot* snapshot;
+    // The cf from which we did a Get at this snapshot
+    int cf_at;
+    // The name of the cf at the time that we did a read
+    std::string cf_at_name;
+    // The key with which we did a Get at this snapshot
+    std::string key;
+    // The status of the Get
+    Status status;
+    // The value of the Get
+    std::string value;
+    // optional state of all keys in the db
+    std::vector<bool>* key_vec;
+  };
+  std::queue<std::pair<uint64_t, SnapshotState>> snapshot_queue;
+
+  ThreadState(uint32_t index, SharedState* _shared)
+      : tid(index), rand(1000 + index + _shared->GetSeed()), shared(_shared) {}
+};
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_stat.h

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+#pragma once
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <memory>
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "monitoring/histogram.h"
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "rocksdb/env.h"
+#include "rocksdb/snapshot.h"
+#include "rocksdb/statistics.h"
+#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
+#include "util/random.h"
+
+DECLARE_bool(histogram);
+DECLARE_bool(progress_reports);
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+// Database statistics
+static std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Statistics> dbstats;
+static std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Statistics> dbstats_secondaries;
+
+class Stats {
+ private:
+  uint64_t start_;
+  uint64_t finish_;
+  double seconds_;
+  long done_;
+  long gets_;
+  long prefixes_;
+  long writes_;
+  long deletes_;
+  size_t single_deletes_;
+  long iterator_size_sums_;
+  long founds_;
+  long iterations_;
+  long range_deletions_;
+  long covered_by_range_deletions_;
+  long errors_;
+  long num_compact_files_succeed_;
+  long num_compact_files_failed_;
+  int next_report_;
+  size_t bytes_;
+  uint64_t last_op_finish_;
+  HistogramImpl hist_;
+
+ public:
+  Stats() {}
+
+  void Start() {
+    next_report_ = 100;
+    hist_.Clear();
+    done_ = 0;
+    gets_ = 0;
+    prefixes_ = 0;
+    writes_ = 0;
+    deletes_ = 0;
+    single_deletes_ = 0;
+    iterator_size_sums_ = 0;
+    founds_ = 0;
+    iterations_ = 0;
+    range_deletions_ = 0;
+    covered_by_range_deletions_ = 0;
+    errors_ = 0;
+    bytes_ = 0;
+    seconds_ = 0;
+    num_compact_files_succeed_ = 0;
+    num_compact_files_failed_ = 0;
+    start_ = Env::Default()->NowMicros();
+    last_op_finish_ = start_;
+    finish_ = start_;
+  }
+
+  void Merge(const Stats& other) {
+    hist_.Merge(other.hist_);
+    done_ += other.done_;
+    gets_ += other.gets_;
+    prefixes_ += other.prefixes_;
+    writes_ += other.writes_;
+    deletes_ += other.deletes_;
+    single_deletes_ += other.single_deletes_;
+    iterator_size_sums_ += other.iterator_size_sums_;
+    founds_ += other.founds_;
+    iterations_ += other.iterations_;
+    range_deletions_ += other.range_deletions_;
+    covered_by_range_deletions_ = other.covered_by_range_deletions_;
+    errors_ += other.errors_;
+    bytes_ += other.bytes_;
+    seconds_ += other.seconds_;
+    num_compact_files_succeed_ += other.num_compact_files_succeed_;
+    num_compact_files_failed_ += other.num_compact_files_failed_;
+    if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
+    if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
+  }
+
+  void Stop() {
+    finish_ = Env::Default()->NowMicros();
+    seconds_ = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
+  }
+
+  void FinishedSingleOp() {
+    if (FLAGS_histogram) {
+      auto now = Env::Default()->NowMicros();
+      auto micros = now - last_op_finish_;
+      hist_.Add(micros);
+      if (micros > 20000) {
+        fprintf(stdout, "long op: %" PRIu64 " micros%30s\r", micros, "");
+      }
+      last_op_finish_ = now;
+    }
+
+    done_++;
+    if (FLAGS_progress_reports) {
+      if (done_ >= next_report_) {
+        if (next_report_ < 1000)
+          next_report_ += 100;
+        else if (next_report_ < 5000)
+          next_report_ += 500;
+        else if (next_report_ < 10000)
+          next_report_ += 1000;
+        else if (next_report_ < 50000)
+          next_report_ += 5000;
+        else if (next_report_ < 100000)
+          next_report_ += 10000;
+        else if (next_report_ < 500000)
+          next_report_ += 50000;
+        else
+          next_report_ += 100000;
+        fprintf(stdout, "... finished %ld ops%30s\r", done_, "");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void AddBytesForWrites(long nwrites, size_t nbytes) {
+    writes_ += nwrites;
+    bytes_ += nbytes;
+  }
+
+  void AddGets(long ngets, long nfounds) {
+    founds_ += nfounds;
+    gets_ += ngets;
+  }
+
+  void AddPrefixes(long nprefixes, long count) {
+    prefixes_ += nprefixes;
+    iterator_size_sums_ += count;
+  }
+
+  void AddIterations(long n) { iterations_ += n; }
+
+  void AddDeletes(long n) { deletes_ += n; }
+
+  void AddSingleDeletes(size_t n) { single_deletes_ += n; }
+
+  void AddRangeDeletions(long n) { range_deletions_ += n; }
+
+  void AddCoveredByRangeDeletions(long n) { covered_by_range_deletions_ += n; }
+
+  void AddErrors(long n) { errors_ += n; }
+
+  void AddNumCompactFilesSucceed(long n) { num_compact_files_succeed_ += n; }
+
+  void AddNumCompactFilesFailed(long n) { num_compact_files_failed_ += n; }
+
+  void Report(const char* name) {
+    std::string extra;
+    if (bytes_ < 1 || done_ < 1) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "No writes or ops?\n");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
+    double bytes_mb = bytes_ / 1048576.0;
+    double rate = bytes_mb / elapsed;
+    double throughput = (double)done_ / elapsed;
+
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: ", name);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%.3f micros/op %ld ops/sec\n", seconds_ * 1e6 / done_,
+            (long)throughput);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Wrote %.2f MB (%.2f MB/sec) (%ld%% of %ld ops)\n",
+            "", bytes_mb, rate, (100 * writes_) / done_, done_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Wrote %ld times\n", "", writes_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Deleted %ld times\n", "", deletes_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Single deleted %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt " times\n", "",
+            single_deletes_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: %ld read and %ld found the key\n", "", gets_,
+            founds_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Prefix scanned %ld times\n", "", prefixes_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Iterator size sum is %ld\n", "",
+            iterator_size_sums_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Iterated %ld times\n", "", iterations_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Deleted %ld key-ranges\n", "", range_deletions_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Range deletions covered %ld keys\n", "",
+            covered_by_range_deletions_);
+
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Got errors %ld times\n", "", errors_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: %ld CompactFiles() succeed\n", "",
+            num_compact_files_succeed_);
+    fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: %ld CompactFiles() did not succeed\n", "",
+            num_compact_files_failed_);
+
+    if (FLAGS_histogram) {
+      fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
+    }
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace rocksdb

db_stress_tool/db_stress_test_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#pragma once
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+class Transaction;
+class TransactionDB;
+
+class StressTest {
+ public:
+  StressTest();
+
+  virtual ~StressTest();
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewCache(size_t capacity);
+
+  bool BuildOptionsTable();
+
+  void InitDb();
+  void InitReadonlyDb(SharedState*);
+
+  // Return false if verification fails.
+  bool VerifySecondaries();
+
+  void OperateDb(ThreadState* thread);
+  virtual void VerifyDb(ThreadState* thread) const = 0;
+
+  void PrintStatistics();
+
+ protected:
+  Status AssertSame(DB* db, ColumnFamilyHandle* cf,
+                    ThreadState::SnapshotState& snap_state);
+
+  // Currently PreloadDb has to be single-threaded.
+  void PreloadDbAndReopenAsReadOnly(int64_t number_of_keys,
+                                    SharedState* shared);
+
+  Status SetOptions(ThreadState* thread);
+
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  Status NewTxn(WriteOptions& write_opts, Transaction** txn);
+
+  Status CommitTxn(Transaction* txn);
+#endif
+
+  virtual void MaybeClearOneColumnFamily(ThreadState* /* thread */) {}
+
+  virtual bool ShouldAcquireMutexOnKey() const { return false; }
+
+  virtual std::vector<int> GenerateColumnFamilies(
+      const int /* num_column_families */, int rand_column_family) const {
+    return {rand_column_family};
+  }
+
+  virtual std::vector<int64_t> GenerateKeys(int64_t rand_key) const {
+    return {rand_key};
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestGet(ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) = 0;
+
+  virtual std::vector<Status> TestMultiGet(
+      ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+      const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) = 0;
+
+  virtual Status TestPrefixScan(ThreadState* thread,
+                                const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                                const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) = 0;
+
+  virtual Status TestPut(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                         const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                         const std::vector<int>& cf_ids,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& keys, char (&value)[100],
+                         std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) = 0;
+
+  virtual Status TestDelete(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                            const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                            const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                            std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) = 0;
+
+  virtual Status TestDeleteRange(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                                 const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                 const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                                 std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) = 0;
+
+  virtual void TestIngestExternalFile(
+      ThreadState* thread, const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+      std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) = 0;
+
+  // Return a column family handle that mirrors what is pointed by
+  // `column_family_id`, which will be used to validate data to be correct.
+  // By default, the column family itself will be returned.
+  virtual ColumnFamilyHandle* GetControlCfh(ThreadState* /* thread*/,
+                                            int column_family_id) {
+    return column_families_[column_family_id];
+  }
+
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  // Generated a list of keys that close to boundaries of SST keys.
+  // If there isn't any SST file in the DB, return empty list.
+  std::vector<std::string> GetWhiteBoxKeys(ThreadState* thread, DB* db,
+                                           ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh,
+                                           size_t num_keys);
+#else   // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+  std::vector<std::string> GetWhiteBoxKeys(ThreadState*, DB*,
+                                           ColumnFamilyHandle*, size_t) {
+    // Not supported in LITE mode.
+    return {};
+  }
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+  // Given a key K, this creates an iterator which scans to K and then
+  // does a random sequence of Next/Prev operations.
+  virtual Status TestIterate(ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                             const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                             const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys);
+
+  // Enum used by VerifyIterator() to identify the mode to validate.
+  enum LastIterateOp { kLastOpSeek, kLastOpSeekForPrev, kLastOpNextOrPrev };
+
+  // Compare the two iterator, iter and cmp_iter are in the same position,
+  // unless iter might be made invalidate or undefined because of
+  // upper or lower bounds, or prefix extractor.
+  // Will flag failure if the verification fails.
+  // diverged = true if the two iterator is already diverged.
+  // True if verification passed, false if not.
+  void VerifyIterator(ThreadState* thread, ColumnFamilyHandle* cmp_cfh,
+                      const ReadOptions& ro, Iterator* iter, Iterator* cmp_iter,
+                      LastIterateOp op, const Slice& seek_key, bool* diverged);
+
+  virtual Status TestBackupRestore(ThreadState* thread,
+                                   const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                   const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys);
+
+  virtual Status TestCheckpoint(ThreadState* thread,
+                                const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys);
+
+  void VerificationAbort(SharedState* shared, std::string msg, Status s) const;
+
+  void VerificationAbort(SharedState* shared, std::string msg, int cf,
+                         int64_t key) const;
+
+  void PrintEnv() const;
+
+  void Open();
+
+  void Reopen();
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> compressed_cache_;
+  std::shared_ptr<const FilterPolicy> filter_policy_;
+  DB* db_;
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  TransactionDB* txn_db_;
+#endif
+  Options options_;
+  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> column_families_;
+  std::vector<std::string> column_family_names_;
+  std::atomic<int> new_column_family_name_;
+  int num_times_reopened_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> options_table_;
+  std::vector<std::string> options_index_;
+  std::atomic<bool> db_preload_finished_;
+
+  // Fields used for stress-testing secondary instance in the same process
+  std::vector<DB*> secondaries_;
+  std::vector<std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>> secondary_cfh_lists_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/db_stress_tool.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+//
+// The test uses an array to compare against values written to the database.
+// Keys written to the array are in 1:1 correspondence to the actual values in
+// the database according to the formula in the function GenerateValue.
+
+// Space is reserved in the array from 0 to FLAGS_max_key and values are
+// randomly written/deleted/read from those positions. During verification we
+// compare all the positions in the array. To shorten/elongate the running
+// time, you could change the settings: FLAGS_max_key, FLAGS_ops_per_thread,
+// (sometimes also FLAGS_threads).
+//
+// NOTE that if FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots is set, the test will have
+// different behavior. See comment of the flag for details.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+int db_stress_tool(int argc, char** argv) {
+  SetUsageMessage(std::string("\nUSAGE:\n") + std::string(argv[0]) +
+                  " [OPTIONS]...");
+  ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
+
+  if (FLAGS_statistics) {
+    dbstats = rocksdb::CreateDBStatistics();
+    if (FLAGS_enable_secondary) {
+      dbstats_secondaries = rocksdb::CreateDBStatistics();
+    }
+  }
+  FLAGS_compression_type_e =
+      StringToCompressionType(FLAGS_compression_type.c_str());
+  FLAGS_checksum_type_e = StringToChecksumType(FLAGS_checksum_type.c_str());
+  if (!FLAGS_hdfs.empty()) {
+    if (!FLAGS_env_uri.empty()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Cannot specify both --hdfs and --env_uri.\n");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    FLAGS_env = new rocksdb::HdfsEnv(FLAGS_hdfs);
+  } else if (!FLAGS_env_uri.empty()) {
+    Status s = Env::LoadEnv(FLAGS_env_uri, &FLAGS_env, &env_guard);
+    if (FLAGS_env == nullptr) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "No Env registered for URI: %s\n", FLAGS_env_uri.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+  FLAGS_rep_factory = StringToRepFactory(FLAGS_memtablerep.c_str());
+
+  // The number of background threads should be at least as much the
+  // max number of concurrent compactions.
+  FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(FLAGS_max_background_compactions);
+  FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(FLAGS_num_bottom_pri_threads,
+                                  rocksdb::Env::Priority::BOTTOM);
+  if (FLAGS_prefixpercent > 0 && FLAGS_prefix_size < 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: prefixpercent is non-zero while prefix_size is "
+            "not positive!\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots && FLAGS_prefix_size <= 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: please specify prefix_size for "
+            "test_batches_snapshots test!\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio > 0.0 && FLAGS_prefix_size < 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: please specify positive prefix_size in order to use "
+            "memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if ((FLAGS_readpercent + FLAGS_prefixpercent + FLAGS_writepercent +
+       FLAGS_delpercent + FLAGS_delrangepercent + FLAGS_iterpercent) != 100) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: Read+Prefix+Write+Delete+DeleteRange+Iterate percents != "
+            "100!\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_disable_wal == 1 && FLAGS_reopen > 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Db cannot reopen safely with disable_wal set!\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if ((unsigned)FLAGS_reopen >= FLAGS_ops_per_thread) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: #DB-reopens should be < ops_per_thread\n"
+            "Provided reopens = %d and ops_per_thread = %lu\n",
+            FLAGS_reopen, (unsigned long)FLAGS_ops_per_thread);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots && FLAGS_delrangepercent > 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: nonzero delrangepercent unsupported in "
+            "test_batches_snapshots mode\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_active_width > FLAGS_max_key) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: active_width can be at most max_key\n");
+    exit(1);
+  } else if (FLAGS_active_width == 0) {
+    FLAGS_active_width = FLAGS_max_key;
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_value_size_mult * kRandomValueMaxFactor > kValueMaxLen) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: value_size_mult can be at most %d\n",
+            kValueMaxLen / kRandomValueMaxFactor);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_use_merge && FLAGS_nooverwritepercent == 100) {
+    fprintf(
+        stderr,
+        "Error: nooverwritepercent must not be 100 when using merge operands");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_ingest_external_file_one_in > 0 && FLAGS_nooverwritepercent > 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: nooverwritepercent must be 0 when using file ingestion\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_clear_column_family_one_in > 0 && FLAGS_backup_one_in > 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error: clear_column_family_one_in must be 0 when using backup\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_test_cf_consistency && FLAGS_disable_wal) {
+    FLAGS_atomic_flush = true;
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_read_only) {
+    if (FLAGS_writepercent != 0 || FLAGS_delpercent != 0 ||
+        FLAGS_delrangepercent != 0) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: updates are not supported in read only mode\n");
+      exit(1);
+    } else if (FLAGS_checkpoint_one_in > 0 &&
+               FLAGS_clear_column_family_one_in > 0) {
+      fprintf(stdout,
+              "Warn: checkpoint won't be validated since column families may "
+              "be dropped.\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
+  if (FLAGS_db.empty()) {
+    std::string default_db_path;
+    FLAGS_env->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
+    default_db_path += "/dbstress";
+    FLAGS_db = default_db_path;
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_enable_secondary && FLAGS_secondaries_base.empty()) {
+    std::string default_secondaries_path;
+    FLAGS_env->GetTestDirectory(&default_secondaries_path);
+    default_secondaries_path += "/dbstress_secondaries";
+    rocksdb::Status s = FLAGS_env->CreateDirIfMissing(default_secondaries_path);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create directory %s: %s\n",
+              default_secondaries_path.c_str(), s.ToString().c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    FLAGS_secondaries_base = default_secondaries_path;
+  }
+
+  if (!FLAGS_enable_secondary && FLAGS_secondary_catch_up_one_in > 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Secondary instance is disabled.\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  rocksdb_kill_odds = FLAGS_kill_random_test;
+  rocksdb_kill_prefix_blacklist = SplitString(FLAGS_kill_prefix_blacklist);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::StressTest> stress;
+  if (FLAGS_test_cf_consistency) {
+    stress.reset(CreateCfConsistencyStressTest());
+  } else if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
+    stress.reset(CreateBatchedOpsStressTest());
+  } else {
+    stress.reset(CreateNonBatchedOpsStressTest());
+  }
+  if (RunStressTest(stress.get())) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

db_stress_tool/no_batched_ops_stress.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
+
+namespace rocksdb {
+class NonBatchedOpsStressTest : public StressTest {
+ public:
+  NonBatchedOpsStressTest() {}
+
+  virtual ~NonBatchedOpsStressTest() {}
+
+  virtual void VerifyDb(ThreadState* thread) const {
+    ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
+    auto shared = thread->shared;
+    const int64_t max_key = shared->GetMaxKey();
+    const int64_t keys_per_thread = max_key / shared->GetNumThreads();
+    int64_t start = keys_per_thread * thread->tid;
+    int64_t end = start + keys_per_thread;
+    uint64_t prefix_to_use =
+        (FLAGS_prefix_size < 0) ? 1 : static_cast<size_t>(FLAGS_prefix_size);
+    if (thread->tid == shared->GetNumThreads() - 1) {
+      end = max_key;
+    }
+    for (size_t cf = 0; cf < column_families_.size(); ++cf) {
+      if (thread->shared->HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (!thread->rand.OneIn(2)) {
+        // Use iterator to verify this range
+        std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(
+            db_->NewIterator(options, column_families_[cf]));
+        iter->Seek(Key(start));
+        for (auto i = start; i < end; i++) {
+          if (thread->shared->HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+            break;
+          }
+          // TODO(ljin): update "long" to uint64_t
+          // Reseek when the prefix changes
+          if (prefix_to_use > 0 &&
+              i % (static_cast<int64_t>(1) << 8 * (8 - prefix_to_use)) == 0) {
+            iter->Seek(Key(i));
+          }
+          std::string from_db;
+          std::string keystr = Key(i);
+          Slice k = keystr;
+          Status s = iter->status();
+          if (iter->Valid()) {
+            if (iter->key().compare(k) > 0) {
+              s = Status::NotFound(Slice());
+            } else if (iter->key().compare(k) == 0) {
+              from_db = iter->value().ToString();
+              iter->Next();
+            } else if (iter->key().compare(k) < 0) {
+              VerificationAbort(shared, "An out of range key was found",
+                                static_cast<int>(cf), i);
+            }
+          } else {
+            // The iterator found no value for the key in question, so do not
+            // move to the next item in the iterator
+            s = Status::NotFound(Slice());
+          }
+          VerifyValue(static_cast<int>(cf), i, options, shared, from_db, s,
+                      true);
+          if (from_db.length()) {
+            PrintKeyValue(static_cast<int>(cf), static_cast<uint32_t>(i),
+                          from_db.data(), from_db.length());
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Use Get to verify this range
+        for (auto i = start; i < end; i++) {
+          if (thread->shared->HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+            break;
+          }
+          std::string from_db;
+          std::string keystr = Key(i);
+          Slice k = keystr;
+          Status s = db_->Get(options, column_families_[cf], k, &from_db);
+          VerifyValue(static_cast<int>(cf), i, options, shared, from_db, s,
+                      true);
+          if (from_db.length()) {
+            PrintKeyValue(static_cast<int>(cf), static_cast<uint32_t>(i),
+                          from_db.data(), from_db.length());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual void MaybeClearOneColumnFamily(ThreadState* thread) {
+    if (FLAGS_clear_column_family_one_in != 0 && FLAGS_column_families > 1) {
+      if (thread->rand.OneIn(FLAGS_clear_column_family_one_in)) {
+        // drop column family and then create it again (can't drop default)
+        int cf = thread->rand.Next() % (FLAGS_column_families - 1) + 1;
+        std::string new_name = ToString(new_column_family_name_.fetch_add(1));
+        {
+          MutexLock l(thread->shared->GetMutex());
+          fprintf(
+              stdout,
+              "[CF %d] Dropping and recreating column family. new name: %s\n",
+              cf, new_name.c_str());
+        }
+        thread->shared->LockColumnFamily(cf);
+        Status s = db_->DropColumnFamily(column_families_[cf]);
+        delete column_families_[cf];
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "dropping column family error: %s\n",
+                  s.ToString().c_str());
+          std::terminate();
+        }
+        s = db_->CreateColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyOptions(options_), new_name,
+                                    &column_families_[cf]);
+        column_family_names_[cf] = new_name;
+        thread->shared->ClearColumnFamily(cf);
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "creating column family error: %s\n",
+                  s.ToString().c_str());
+          std::terminate();
+        }
+        thread->shared->UnlockColumnFamily(cf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual bool ShouldAcquireMutexOnKey() const { return true; }
+
+  virtual Status TestGet(ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    std::string from_db;
+    Status s = db_->Get(read_opts, cfh, key, &from_db);
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      // found case
+      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
+    } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+      // not found case
+      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
+    } else {
+      // errors case
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual std::vector<Status> TestMultiGet(
+      ThreadState* thread, const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+      const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    size_t num_keys = rand_keys.size();
+    std::vector<std::string> key_str;
+    std::vector<Slice> keys;
+    key_str.reserve(num_keys);
+    keys.reserve(num_keys);
+    std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
+    std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
+    ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; ++i) {
+      key_str.emplace_back(Key(rand_keys[i]));
+      keys.emplace_back(key_str.back());
+    }
+    db_->MultiGet(read_opts, cfh, num_keys, keys.data(), values.data(),
+                  statuses.data());
+    for (const auto& s : statuses) {
+      if (s.ok()) {
+        // found case
+        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
+      } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+        // not found case
+        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
+      } else {
+        // errors case
+        thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+      }
+    }
+    return statuses;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestPrefixScan(ThreadState* thread,
+                                const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                                const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys) {
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_families[0]];
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_keys[0]);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    Slice prefix = Slice(key.data(), FLAGS_prefix_size);
+
+    std::string upper_bound;
+    Slice ub_slice;
+    ReadOptions ro_copy = read_opts;
+    if (thread->rand.OneIn(2) && GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound)) {
+      // For half of the time, set the upper bound to the next prefix
+      ub_slice = Slice(upper_bound);
+      ro_copy.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice;
+    }
+
+    Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ro_copy, cfh);
+    long count = 0;
+    for (iter->Seek(prefix); iter->Valid() && iter->key().starts_with(prefix);
+         iter->Next()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    assert(count <= (static_cast<long>(1) << ((8 - FLAGS_prefix_size) * 8)));
+    Status s = iter->status();
+    if (iter->status().ok()) {
+      thread->stats.AddPrefixes(1, count);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    }
+    delete iter;
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestPut(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                         const ReadOptions& read_opts,
+                         const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                         const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                         char (&value)[100], std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) {
+    auto shared = thread->shared;
+    int64_t max_key = shared->GetMaxKey();
+    int64_t rand_key = rand_keys[0];
+    int rand_column_family = rand_column_families[0];
+    while (!shared->AllowsOverwrite(rand_key) &&
+           (FLAGS_use_merge || shared->Exists(rand_column_family, rand_key))) {
+      lock.reset();
+      rand_key = thread->rand.Next() % max_key;
+      rand_column_family = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_column_families;
+      lock.reset(
+          new MutexLock(shared->GetMutexForKey(rand_column_family, rand_key)));
+    }
+
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_key);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = column_families_[rand_column_family];
+
+    if (FLAGS_verify_before_write) {
+      std::string key_str2 = Key(rand_key);
+      Slice k = key_str2;
+      std::string from_db;
+      Status s = db_->Get(read_opts, cfh, k, &from_db);
+      if (!VerifyValue(rand_column_family, rand_key, read_opts, shared, from_db,
+                       s, true)) {
+        return s;
+      }
+    }
+    uint32_t value_base = thread->rand.Next() % shared->UNKNOWN_SENTINEL;
+    size_t sz = GenerateValue(value_base, value, sizeof(value));
+    Slice v(value, sz);
+    shared->Put(rand_column_family, rand_key, value_base, true /* pending */);
+    Status s;
+    if (FLAGS_use_merge) {
+      if (!FLAGS_use_txn) {
+        s = db_->Merge(write_opts, cfh, key, v);
+      } else {
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+        Transaction* txn;
+        s = NewTxn(write_opts, &txn);
+        if (s.ok()) {
+          s = txn->Merge(cfh, key, v);
+          if (s.ok()) {
+            s = CommitTxn(txn);
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!FLAGS_use_txn) {
+        s = db_->Put(write_opts, cfh, key, v);
+      } else {
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+        Transaction* txn;
+        s = NewTxn(write_opts, &txn);
+        if (s.ok()) {
+          s = txn->Put(cfh, key, v);
+          if (s.ok()) {
+            s = CommitTxn(txn);
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+    shared->Put(rand_column_family, rand_key, value_base, false /* pending */);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "put or merge error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      std::terminate();
+    }
+    thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(1, sz);
+    PrintKeyValue(rand_column_family, static_cast<uint32_t>(rand_key), value,
+                  sz);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestDelete(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                            const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                            const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                            std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) {
+    int64_t rand_key = rand_keys[0];
+    int rand_column_family = rand_column_families[0];
+    auto shared = thread->shared;
+    int64_t max_key = shared->GetMaxKey();
+
+    // OPERATION delete
+    // If the chosen key does not allow overwrite and it does not exist,
+    // choose another key.
+    while (!shared->AllowsOverwrite(rand_key) &&
+           !shared->Exists(rand_column_family, rand_key)) {
+      lock.reset();
+      rand_key = thread->rand.Next() % max_key;
+      rand_column_family = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_column_families;
+      lock.reset(
+          new MutexLock(shared->GetMutexForKey(rand_column_family, rand_key)));
+    }
+
+    std::string key_str = Key(rand_key);
+    Slice key = key_str;
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_family];
+
+    // Use delete if the key may be overwritten and a single deletion
+    // otherwise.
+    Status s;
+    if (shared->AllowsOverwrite(rand_key)) {
+      shared->Delete(rand_column_family, rand_key, true /* pending */);
+      if (!FLAGS_use_txn) {
+        s = db_->Delete(write_opts, cfh, key);
+      } else {
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+        Transaction* txn;
+        s = NewTxn(write_opts, &txn);
+        if (s.ok()) {
+          s = txn->Delete(cfh, key);
+          if (s.ok()) {
+            s = CommitTxn(txn);
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+      shared->Delete(rand_column_family, rand_key, false /* pending */);
+      thread->stats.AddDeletes(1);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "delete error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+        std::terminate();
+      }
+    } else {
+      shared->SingleDelete(rand_column_family, rand_key, true /* pending */);
+      if (!FLAGS_use_txn) {
+        s = db_->SingleDelete(write_opts, cfh, key);
+      } else {
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+        Transaction* txn;
+        s = NewTxn(write_opts, &txn);
+        if (s.ok()) {
+          s = txn->SingleDelete(cfh, key);
+          if (s.ok()) {
+            s = CommitTxn(txn);
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+      shared->SingleDelete(rand_column_family, rand_key, false /* pending */);
+      thread->stats.AddSingleDeletes(1);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "single delete error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+        std::terminate();
+      }
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  virtual Status TestDeleteRange(ThreadState* thread, WriteOptions& write_opts,
+                                 const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+                                 const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys,
+                                 std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) {
+    // OPERATION delete range
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>> range_locks;
+    // delete range does not respect disallowed overwrites. the keys for
+    // which overwrites are disallowed are randomly distributed so it
+    // could be expensive to find a range where each key allows
+    // overwrites.
+    int64_t rand_key = rand_keys[0];
+    int rand_column_family = rand_column_families[0];
+    auto shared = thread->shared;
+    int64_t max_key = shared->GetMaxKey();
+    if (rand_key > max_key - FLAGS_range_deletion_width) {
+      lock.reset();
+      rand_key =
+          thread->rand.Next() % (max_key - FLAGS_range_deletion_width + 1);
+      range_locks.emplace_back(
+          new MutexLock(shared->GetMutexForKey(rand_column_family, rand_key)));
+    } else {
+      range_locks.emplace_back(std::move(lock));
+    }
+    for (int j = 1; j < FLAGS_range_deletion_width; ++j) {
+      if (((rand_key + j) & ((1 << FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock) - 1)) == 0) {
+        range_locks.emplace_back(new MutexLock(
+            shared->GetMutexForKey(rand_column_family, rand_key + j)));
+      }
+    }
+    shared->DeleteRange(rand_column_family, rand_key,
+                        rand_key + FLAGS_range_deletion_width,
+                        true /* pending */);
+
+    std::string keystr = Key(rand_key);
+    Slice key = keystr;
+    auto cfh = column_families_[rand_column_family];
+    std::string end_keystr = Key(rand_key + FLAGS_range_deletion_width);
+    Slice end_key = end_keystr;
+    Status s = db_->DeleteRange(write_opts, cfh, key, end_key);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "delete range error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      std::terminate();
+    }
+    int covered = shared->DeleteRange(rand_column_family, rand_key,
+                                      rand_key + FLAGS_range_deletion_width,
+                                      false /* pending */);
+    thread->stats.AddRangeDeletions(1);
+    thread->stats.AddCoveredByRangeDeletions(covered);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+#ifdef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  virtual void TestIngestExternalFile(
+      ThreadState* /* thread */,
+      const std::vector<int>& /* rand_column_families */,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& /* rand_keys */,
+      std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& /* lock */) {
+    assert(false);
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "RocksDB lite does not support "
+            "TestIngestExternalFile\n");
+    std::terminate();
+  }
+#else
+  virtual void TestIngestExternalFile(
+      ThreadState* thread, const std::vector<int>& rand_column_families,
+      const std::vector<int64_t>& rand_keys, std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>& lock) {
+    const std::string sst_filename =
+        FLAGS_db + "/." + ToString(thread->tid) + ".sst";
+    Status s;
+    if (FLAGS_env->FileExists(sst_filename).ok()) {
+      // Maybe we terminated abnormally before, so cleanup to give this file
+      // ingestion a clean slate
+      s = FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(sst_filename);
+    }
+
+    SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(options_), options_);
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      s = sst_file_writer.Open(sst_filename);
+    }
+    int64_t key_base = rand_keys[0];
+    int column_family = rand_column_families[0];
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MutexLock>> range_locks;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> values;
+    SharedState* shared = thread->shared;
+
+    // Grab locks, set pending state on expected values, and add keys
+    for (int64_t key = key_base;
+         s.ok() && key < std::min(key_base + FLAGS_ingest_external_file_width,
+                                  shared->GetMaxKey());
+         ++key) {
+      if (key == key_base) {
+        range_locks.emplace_back(std::move(lock));
+      } else if ((key & ((1 << FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock) - 1)) == 0) {
+        range_locks.emplace_back(
+            new MutexLock(shared->GetMutexForKey(column_family, key)));
+      }
+
+      uint32_t value_base = thread->rand.Next() % shared->UNKNOWN_SENTINEL;
+      values.push_back(value_base);
+      shared->Put(column_family, key, value_base, true /* pending */);
+
+      char value[100];
+      size_t value_len = GenerateValue(value_base, value, sizeof(value));
+      auto key_str = Key(key);
+      s = sst_file_writer.Put(Slice(key_str), Slice(value, value_len));
+    }
+
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      s = sst_file_writer.Finish();
+    }
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      s = db_->IngestExternalFile(column_families_[column_family],
+                                  {sst_filename}, IngestExternalFileOptions());
+    }
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "file ingestion error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
+      std::terminate();
+    }
+    int64_t key = key_base;
+    for (int32_t value : values) {
+      shared->Put(column_family, key, value, false /* pending */);
+      ++key;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+  bool VerifyValue(int cf, int64_t key, const ReadOptions& /*opts*/,
+                   SharedState* shared, const std::string& value_from_db,
+                   Status s, bool strict = false) const {
+    if (shared->HasVerificationFailedYet()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // compare value_from_db with the value in the shared state
+    char value[kValueMaxLen];
+    uint32_t value_base = shared->Get(cf, key);
+    if (value_base == SharedState::UNKNOWN_SENTINEL) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (value_base == SharedState::DELETION_SENTINEL && !strict) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      if (value_base == SharedState::DELETION_SENTINEL) {
+        VerificationAbort(shared, "Unexpected value found", cf, key);
+        return false;
+      }
+      size_t sz = GenerateValue(value_base, value, sizeof(value));
+      if (value_from_db.length() != sz) {
+        VerificationAbort(shared, "Length of value read is not equal", cf, key);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (memcmp(value_from_db.data(), value, sz) != 0) {
+        VerificationAbort(shared, "Contents of value read don't match", cf,
+                          key);
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (value_base != SharedState::DELETION_SENTINEL) {
+        VerificationAbort(shared, "Value not found: " + s.ToString(), cf, key);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+StressTest* CreateNonBatchedOpsStressTest() {
+  return new NonBatchedOpsStressTest();
+}
+
+}  // namespace rocksdb
+#endif  // GFLAGS

env/io_posix.h

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ inline struct io_uring* CreateIOUring() {
   }
   return new_io_uring;
 }
-#endif // defined(ROCKSDB_IOURING_PRESENT)
+#endif  // defined(ROCKSDB_IOURING_PRESENT)
 
 class PosixRandomAccessFile : public RandomAccessFile {
  protected:

src.mk

@@ -265,7 +265,15 @@ BENCH_LIB_SOURCES =                                             \
   tools/db_bench_tool.cc                                        \
 
 STRESS_LIB_SOURCES =                                            \
-  tools/db_stress_tool.cc                                       \
+  db_stress_tool/batched_ops_stress.cc                         \
+  db_stress_tool/cf_consistency_stress.cc                      \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.cc                           \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.cc                           \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress_test_base.cc                        \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc                           \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.cc                     \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress_tool.cc                             \
+  db_stress_tool/no_batched_ops_stress.cc                      \
 
 TEST_LIB_SOURCES =                                              \
   db/db_test_util.cc                                            \
@@ -283,6 +291,7 @@ FOLLY_SOURCES = \
 MAIN_SOURCES =                                                          \
   cache/cache_bench.cc                                                  \
   cache/cache_test.cc                                                   \
+  db_stress_tool/db_stress.cc                                           \
   db/column_family_test.cc                                              \
   db/compact_files_test.cc                                              \
   db/compaction/compaction_iterator_test.cc                             \
@@ -398,7 +407,6 @@ MAIN_SOURCES =                                                          \
   tools/db_bench.cc                                                     \
   tools/db_bench_tool_test.cc                                           \
   tools/db_sanity_test.cc                                               \
-  tools/db_stress.cc                                                    \
   tools/ldb_cmd_test.cc                                                 \
   tools/reduce_levels_test.cc                                           \
   tools/sst_dump_test.cc                                                \

tools/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -14,12 +14,8 @@ foreach(src ${TOOLS})
   list(APPEND tool_deps ${exename})
 endforeach()
 
-add_executable(db_stress${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX} db_stress.cc db_stress_tool.cc)
-target_link_libraries(db_stress${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX} ${LIBS})
-list(APPEND tool_deps db_stress)
+list(APPEND tool_deps)
 
-add_custom_target(tools
-  DEPENDS ${tool_deps})
 add_custom_target(ldb_tests
   COMMAND python ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ldb_tests.py
   DEPENDS ldb)