Pass a timeout to FileSystem for random reads (#6751)

Summary:
Calculate ```IOOptions::timeout``` using ```ReadOptions::deadline``` and pass it to ```FileSystem::Read/FileSystem::MultiRead```. This allows us to impose a tighter bound on the time taken by Get/MultiGet on FileSystem/Envs that support IO timeouts. Even on those that don't support, check in ```RandomAccessFileReader::Read``` and ```MultiRead``` and return ```Status::TimedOut()``` if the deadline is exceeded.

For now, TableReader creation, which might do file opens and reads, are not covered. It will be implemented in another PR.

Tests:
Update existing unit tests to verify the correct timeout value is being passed
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6751

Reviewed By: riversand963

Differential Revision: D21285631

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: d89af843e5a91ece866e87aa29438b52a65a8567

db/db_basic_test.cc

@@ -2387,17 +2387,22 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline : public DBBasicTestMultiGet {
 
   class DeadlineRandomAccessFile : public FSRandomAccessFileWrapper {
    public:
-    DeadlineRandomAccessFile(DeadlineFS& fs,
+    DeadlineRandomAccessFile(DeadlineFS& fs, SpecialEnv* env,
                              std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile>& file)
         : FSRandomAccessFileWrapper(file.get()),
           fs_(fs),
-          file_(std::move(file)) {}
+          file_(std::move(file)),
+          env_(env) {}
 
     IOStatus Read(uint64_t offset, size_t len, const IOOptions& opts,
           Slice* result, char* scratch, IODebugContext* dbg) const override {
       int delay;
+      const std::chrono::microseconds deadline = fs_.GetDeadline();
+      if (deadline.count()) {
+        AssertDeadline(deadline, opts);
+      }
       if (fs_.ShouldDelay(&delay)) {
-        Env::Default()->SleepForMicroseconds(delay);
+        env_->SleepForMicroseconds(delay);
       }
       return FSRandomAccessFileWrapper::Read(offset, len, opts, result, scratch,
                                              dbg);
@@ -2406,22 +2411,37 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline : public DBBasicTestMultiGet {
     IOStatus MultiRead(FSReadRequest* reqs, size_t num_reqs,
           const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
       int delay;
+      const std::chrono::microseconds deadline = fs_.GetDeadline();
+      if (deadline.count()) {
+        AssertDeadline(deadline, options);
+      }
       if (fs_.ShouldDelay(&delay)) {
-        Env::Default()->SleepForMicroseconds(delay);
+        env_->SleepForMicroseconds(delay);
       }
       return FSRandomAccessFileWrapper::MultiRead(reqs, num_reqs, options, dbg);
     }
 
    private:
+    void AssertDeadline(const std::chrono::microseconds deadline,
+                        const IOOptions& opts) const {
+      // Give a leeway of +- 10us as it can take some time for the Get/
+      // MultiGet call to reach here, in order to avoid false alarms
+      std::chrono::microseconds now =
+          std::chrono::microseconds(env_->NowMicros());
+      ASSERT_EQ(deadline - now, opts.timeout);
+    }
     DeadlineFS& fs_;
     std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> file_;
+    SpecialEnv* env_;
   };
 
   class DeadlineFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
    public:
-    DeadlineFS()
-      : FileSystemWrapper(FileSystem::Default()),
-        delay_idx_(0) {}
+    DeadlineFS(SpecialEnv* env)
+        : FileSystemWrapper(FileSystem::Default()),
+          delay_idx_(0),
+          deadline_(std::chrono::microseconds::zero()),
+          env_(env) {}
     ~DeadlineFS() = default;
 
     IOStatus NewRandomAccessFile(const std::string& fname,
@@ -2432,13 +2452,14 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline : public DBBasicTestMultiGet {
       IOStatus s;
 
       s = target()->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, opts, &file, dbg);
-      result->reset(new DeadlineRandomAccessFile(*this, file));
+      result->reset(new DeadlineRandomAccessFile(*this, env_, file));
       return s;
     }
 
     // Set a vector of {IO counter, delay in microseconds} pairs that control
     // when to inject a delay and duration of the delay
-    void SetDelaySequence(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>&& seq) {
+    void SetDelaySequence(const std::chrono::microseconds deadline,
+                          const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>&& seq) {
       int total_delay = 0;
       for (auto& seq_iter : seq) {
         // Ensure no individual delay is > 500ms
@@ -2451,6 +2472,7 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline : public DBBasicTestMultiGet {
       delay_seq_ = seq;
       delay_idx_ = 0;
       io_count_ = 0;
+      deadline_ = deadline;
     }
 
     // Increment the IO counter and return a delay in microseconds
@@ -2464,10 +2486,14 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline : public DBBasicTestMultiGet {
       return false;
     }
 
+    const std::chrono::microseconds GetDeadline() { return deadline_; }
+
    private:
     std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> delay_seq_;
     size_t delay_idx_;
     int io_count_;
+    std::chrono::microseconds deadline_;
+    SpecialEnv* env_;
   };
 
   inline void CheckStatus(std::vector<Status>& statuses, size_t num_ok) {
@@ -2483,8 +2509,10 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline : public DBBasicTestMultiGet {
 
 TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
   std::shared_ptr<DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline::DeadlineFS> fs(
-      new DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline::DeadlineFS());
-  std::unique_ptr<Env> env = NewCompositeEnv(fs);
+      new DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline::DeadlineFS(env_));
+  std::unique_ptr<Env> env(new CompositeEnvWrapper(env_, fs));
+  env_->no_slowdown_ = true;
+  env_->time_elapse_only_sleep_.store(true);
   Options options = CurrentOptions();
 
   std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(1048576);
@@ -2509,13 +2537,13 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
     cfs[i] = handles_[i];
     keys[i] = Slice(key_str[i].data(), key_str[i].size());
   }
-  // Delay the first IO by 200ms
-  fs->SetDelaySequence({{0, 200000}});
 
   ReadOptions ro;
   ro.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds{env->NowMicros() + 10000};
+  // Delay the first IO by 200ms
+  fs->SetDelaySequence(ro.deadline, {{0, 20000}});
+
   std::vector<Status> statuses = dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, cfs, keys, &values);
-  std::cout << "Non-batched MultiGet";
   // The first key is successful because we check after the lookup, but
   // subsequent keys fail due to deadline exceeded
   CheckStatus(statuses, 1);
@@ -2537,10 +2565,9 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
     cfs[i] = handles_[i / 2];
     keys[i] = Slice(key_str[i].data(), key_str[i].size());
   }
-  fs->SetDelaySequence({{1, 200000}});
   ro.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds{env->NowMicros() + 10000};
+  fs->SetDelaySequence(ro.deadline, {{1, 20000}});
   statuses = dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, cfs, keys, &values);
-  std::cout << "Non-batched 2";
   CheckStatus(statuses, 3);
 
   // Test batched MultiGet with an IO delay in the first data block read.
@@ -2552,11 +2579,10 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
   cache->SetCapacity(1048576);
   statuses.clear();
   statuses.resize(keys.size());
-  fs->SetDelaySequence({{0, 200000}});
   ro.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds{env->NowMicros() + 10000};
+  fs->SetDelaySequence(ro.deadline, {{0, 20000}});
   dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, keys.size(), cfs.data(), keys.data(),
                      pin_values.data(), statuses.data());
-  std::cout << "Batched 1";
   CheckStatus(statuses, 2);
 
   // Similar to the previous one, but an IO delay in the third CF data block
@@ -2568,11 +2594,10 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
   cache->SetCapacity(1048576);
   statuses.clear();
   statuses.resize(keys.size());
-  fs->SetDelaySequence({{2, 200000}});
   ro.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds{env->NowMicros() + 10000};
+  fs->SetDelaySequence(ro.deadline, {{2, 20000}});
   dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, keys.size(), cfs.data(), keys.data(),
                      pin_values.data(), statuses.data());
-  std::cout << "Batched 2";
   CheckStatus(statuses, 6);
 
   // Similar to the previous one, but an IO delay in the last but one CF
@@ -2583,11 +2608,10 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
   cache->SetCapacity(1048576);
   statuses.clear();
   statuses.resize(keys.size());
-  fs->SetDelaySequence({{3, 200000}});
   ro.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds{env->NowMicros() + 10000};
+  fs->SetDelaySequence(ro.deadline, {{3, 20000}});
   dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, keys.size(), cfs.data(), keys.data(),
                      pin_values.data(), statuses.data());
-  std::cout << "Batched 3";
   CheckStatus(statuses, 8);
 
   // Test batched MultiGet with single CF and lots of keys. Inject delay
@@ -2610,11 +2634,10 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTestMultiGetDeadline, MultiGetDeadlineExceeded) {
   }
   statuses.clear();
   statuses.resize(keys.size());
-  fs->SetDelaySequence({{1, 200000}});
   ro.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds{env->NowMicros() + 10000};
+  fs->SetDelaySequence(ro.deadline, {{1, 20000}});
   dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, handles_[0], keys.size(), keys.data(),
                      pin_values.data(), statuses.data());
-  std::cout << "Batched single CF";
   CheckStatus(statuses, 64);
   Close();
 }

db/db_impl/db_impl.cc

@@ -1527,11 +1527,6 @@ Status DBImpl::GetImpl(const ReadOptions& read_options, const Slice& key,
                        GetImplOptions& get_impl_options) {
   assert(get_impl_options.value != nullptr ||
          get_impl_options.merge_operands != nullptr);
-  // We will eventually support deadline for Get requests too, but safeguard
-  // for now
-  if (read_options.deadline != std::chrono::microseconds::zero()) {
-    return Status::NotSupported("ReadOptions deadline is not supported");
-  }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   assert(get_impl_options.column_family);

file/file_prefetch_buffer.cc

@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ Status FilePrefetchBuffer::Prefetch(RandomAccessFileReader* reader,
 
   Slice result;
   size_t read_len = static_cast<size_t>(roundup_len - chunk_len);
-  s = reader->Read(rounddown_offset + chunk_len,
-                   read_len, &result,
+  s = reader->Read(IOOptions(), rounddown_offset + chunk_len, read_len, &result,
                    buffer_.BufferStart() + chunk_len, nullptr, for_compaction);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if (!s.ok() || result.size() < read_len) {

file/file_util.h

@@ -30,4 +30,20 @@ extern Status DeleteDBFile(const ImmutableDBOptions* db_options,
 
 extern bool IsWalDirSameAsDBPath(const ImmutableDBOptions* db_options);
 
+inline IOStatus PrepareIOFromReadOptions(const ReadOptions& ro, Env* env,
+                                         IOOptions& opts) {
+  if (!env) {
+    env = Env::Default();
+  }
+
+  if (ro.deadline.count()) {
+    std::chrono::microseconds now = std::chrono::microseconds(env->NowMicros());
+    if (now > ro.deadline) {
+      return IOStatus::TimedOut("Deadline exceeded");
+    }
+    opts.timeout = ro.deadline - now;
+  }
+  return IOStatus::OK();
+}
+
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

file/random_access_file_reader.cc

@@ -15,14 +15,16 @@
 #include "monitoring/histogram.h"
 #include "monitoring/iostats_context_imp.h"
 #include "port/port.h"
+#include "table/format.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
 #include "util/random.h"
 #include "util/rate_limiter.h"
 
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 
-Status RandomAccessFileReader::Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
-                                    char* scratch, AlignedBuf* aligned_buf,
+Status RandomAccessFileReader::Read(const IOOptions& opts, uint64_t offset,
+                                    size_t n, Slice* result, char* scratch,
+                                    AlignedBuf* aligned_buf,
                                     bool for_compaction) const {
   (void)aligned_buf;
   Status s;
@@ -62,10 +64,16 @@ Status RandomAccessFileReader::Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
           start_ts = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
           orig_offset = aligned_offset + buf.CurrentSize();
         }
+
         {
           IOSTATS_CPU_TIMER_GUARD(cpu_read_nanos, env_);
-          s = file_->Read(aligned_offset + buf.CurrentSize(), allowed,
-                          IOOptions(), &tmp, buf.Destination(), nullptr);
+          // Only user reads are expected to specify a timeout. And user reads
+          // are not subjected to rate_limiter and should go through only
+          // one iteration of this loop, so we don't need to check and adjust
+          // the opts.timeout before calling file_->Read
+          assert(!opts.timeout.count() || allowed == read_size);
+          s = file_->Read(aligned_offset + buf.CurrentSize(), allowed, opts,
+                          &tmp, buf.Destination(), nullptr);
         }
         if (ShouldNotifyListeners()) {
           auto finish_ts = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
@@ -116,9 +124,15 @@ Status RandomAccessFileReader::Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
           start_ts = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
         }
 #endif
+
         {
           IOSTATS_CPU_TIMER_GUARD(cpu_read_nanos, env_);
-          s = file_->Read(offset + pos, allowed, IOOptions(), &tmp_result,
+          // Only user reads are expected to specify a timeout. And user reads
+          // are not subjected to rate_limiter and should go through only
+          // one iteration of this loop, so we don't need to check and adjust
+          // the opts.timeout before calling file_->Read
+          assert(!opts.timeout.count() || allowed == n);
+          s = file_->Read(offset + pos, allowed, opts, &tmp_result,
                           scratch + pos, nullptr);
         }
 #ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
@@ -186,7 +200,8 @@ bool TryMerge(FSReadRequest* dest, const FSReadRequest& src) {
   return true;
 }
 
-Status RandomAccessFileReader::MultiRead(FSReadRequest* read_reqs,
+Status RandomAccessFileReader::MultiRead(const IOOptions& opts,
+                                         FSReadRequest* read_reqs,
                                          size_t num_reqs,
                                          AlignedBuf* aligned_buf) const {
   (void)aligned_buf;  // suppress warning of unused variable in LITE mode
@@ -244,9 +259,10 @@ Status RandomAccessFileReader::MultiRead(FSReadRequest* read_reqs,
       start_ts = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     }
 #endif  // ROCKSDB_LITE
+
     {
       IOSTATS_CPU_TIMER_GUARD(cpu_read_nanos, env_);
-      s = file_->MultiRead(fs_reqs, num_fs_reqs, IOOptions(), nullptr);
+      s = file_->MultiRead(fs_reqs, num_fs_reqs, opts, nullptr);
     }
 
 #ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE

file/random_access_file_reader.h

@@ -114,15 +114,16 @@ class RandomAccessFileReader {
   // 2. Otherwise, scratch is not used and can be null, the aligned_buf owns
   // the internally allocated buffer on return, and the result refers to a
   // region in aligned_buf.
-  Status Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result, char* scratch,
-              AlignedBuf* aligned_buf, bool for_compaction = false) const;
+  Status Read(const IOOptions& opts, uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
+              char* scratch, AlignedBuf* aligned_buf,
+              bool for_compaction = false) const;
 
   // REQUIRES:
   // num_reqs > 0, reqs do not overlap, and offsets in reqs are increasing.
   // In non-direct IO mode, aligned_buf should be null;
   // In direct IO mode, aligned_buf stores the aligned buffer allocated inside
   // MultiRead, the result Slices in reqs refer to aligned_buf.
-  Status MultiRead(FSReadRequest* reqs, size_t num_reqs,
+  Status MultiRead(const IOOptions& opts, FSReadRequest* reqs, size_t num_reqs,
                    AlignedBuf* aligned_buf) const;
 
   Status Prefetch(uint64_t offset, size_t n) const {
@@ -134,5 +135,7 @@ class RandomAccessFileReader {
   std::string file_name() const { return file_name_; }
 
   bool use_direct_io() const { return file_->use_direct_io(); }
+
+  Env* env() const { return env_; }
 };
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

file/random_access_file_reader_test.cc

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ TEST_F(RandomAccessFileReaderTest, ReadDirectIO) {
   Slice result;
   AlignedBuf buf;
   for (bool for_compaction : {true, false}) {
-    ASSERT_OK(r->Read(offset, len, &result, nullptr, &buf, for_compaction));
+    ASSERT_OK(r->Read(IOOptions(), offset, len, &result, nullptr, &buf,
+                      for_compaction));
     ASSERT_EQ(result.ToString(), content.substr(offset, len));
   }
 }
@@ -152,7 +153,8 @@ TEST_F(RandomAccessFileReaderTest, MultiReadDirectIO) {
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r0));
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r1));
     AlignedBuf aligned_buf;
-    ASSERT_OK(r->MultiRead(reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
+    ASSERT_OK(
+        r->MultiRead(IOOptions(), reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
 
     AssertResult(content, reqs);
   }
@@ -189,7 +191,8 @@ TEST_F(RandomAccessFileReaderTest, MultiReadDirectIO) {
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r1));
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r2));
     AlignedBuf aligned_buf;
-    ASSERT_OK(r->MultiRead(reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
+    ASSERT_OK(
+        r->MultiRead(IOOptions(), reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
 
     AssertResult(content, reqs);
   }
@@ -226,7 +229,8 @@ TEST_F(RandomAccessFileReaderTest, MultiReadDirectIO) {
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r1));
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r2));
     AlignedBuf aligned_buf;
-    ASSERT_OK(r->MultiRead(reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
+    ASSERT_OK(
+        r->MultiRead(IOOptions(), reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
 
     AssertResult(content, reqs);
   }
@@ -255,7 +259,8 @@ TEST_F(RandomAccessFileReaderTest, MultiReadDirectIO) {
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r0));
     reqs.push_back(std::move(r1));
     AlignedBuf aligned_buf;
-    ASSERT_OK(r->MultiRead(reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
+    ASSERT_OK(
+        r->MultiRead(IOOptions(), reqs.data(), reqs.size(), &aligned_buf));
 
     AssertResult(content, reqs);
   }

include/rocksdb/file_system.h

@@ -77,14 +77,16 @@ enum class IOType : uint8_t {
 // honored. More hints can be added here in the future to indicate things like
 // storage media (HDD/SSD) to be used, replication level etc.
 struct IOOptions {
-  // Timeout for the operation in milliseconds
-  std::chrono::milliseconds timeout;
+  // Timeout for the operation in microseconds
+  std::chrono::microseconds timeout;
 
   // Priority - high or low
   IOPriority prio;
 
   // Type of data being read/written
   IOType type;
+
+  IOOptions() : timeout(0), prio(IOPriority::kIOLow), type(IOType::kUnknown) {}
 };
 
 // File scope options that control how a file is opened/created and accessed

include/rocksdb/options.h

@@ -1346,13 +1346,14 @@ struct ReadOptions {
   const Slice* timestamp;
   const Slice* iter_start_ts;
 
-  // Deadline for completing the read request (only MultiGet for now) in us.
-  // It should be set to some number of microseconds since a fixed point in
-  // time, identical to that used by system time. The best way is to use
-  // env->NowMicros() + some timeout. This is best efforts. The call may
-  // exceed the deadline if there is IO involved and the file system doesn't
-  // support deadlines, or due to checking for deadline periodically rather
-  // than for every key if processing a batch
+  // Deadline for completing the read request (only Get/MultiGet for now) in us.
+  // It should be set to microseconds since epoch, i.e, gettimeofday or
+  // equivalent plus allowed duration in microseconds. The best way is to use
+  // env->NowMicros() + some timeout.
+  // This is best efforts. The call may exceed the deadline if there is IO
+  // involved and the file system doesn't support deadlines, or due to
+  // checking for deadline periodically rather than for every key if
+  // processing a batch
   std::chrono::microseconds deadline;
 
   ReadOptions();

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.cc

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "db/dbformat.h"
 #include "db/pinned_iterators_manager.h"
 #include "file/file_prefetch_buffer.h"
+#include "file/file_util.h"
 #include "file/random_access_file_reader.h"
 #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
 #include "options/options_helper.h"
@@ -1671,7 +1672,17 @@ void BlockBasedTable::RetrieveMultipleBlocks(
     read_reqs.emplace_back(req);
   }
 
-  file->MultiRead(&read_reqs[0], read_reqs.size(), nullptr);
+  {
+    IOOptions opts;
+    IOStatus s = PrepareIOFromReadOptions(options, file->env(), opts);
+    if (s.IsTimedOut()) {
+      for (FSReadRequest& req : read_reqs) {
+        req.status = s;
+      }
+    } else {
+      file->MultiRead(opts, &read_reqs[0], read_reqs.size(), nullptr);
+    }
+  }
 
   idx_in_batch = 0;
   size_t valid_batch_idx = 0;

table/block_fetcher.cc

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "file/file_util.h"
 #include "logging/logging.h"
 #include "memory/memory_allocator.h"
 #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
@@ -235,29 +236,33 @@ Status BlockFetcher::ReadBlockContents() {
       return status_;
     }
   } else if (!TryGetCompressedBlockFromPersistentCache()) {
-      // Actual file read
-    if (file_->use_direct_io()) {
-      PERF_TIMER_GUARD(block_read_time);
-      status_ =
-          file_->Read(handle_.offset(), block_size_with_trailer_,
-                      &slice_, nullptr, &direct_io_buf_, for_compaction_);
-      PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_read_count, 1);
-      used_buf_ = const_cast<char*>(slice_.data());
-    } else {
-      PrepareBufferForBlockFromFile();
-      PERF_TIMER_GUARD(block_read_time);
-      status_ = file_->Read(handle_.offset(), block_size_with_trailer_,
-                            &slice_, used_buf_, nullptr, for_compaction_);
-      PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_read_count, 1);
+    IOOptions opts;
+    status_ = PrepareIOFromReadOptions(read_options_, file_->env(), opts);
+    // Actual file read
+    if (status_.ok()) {
+      if (file_->use_direct_io()) {
+        PERF_TIMER_GUARD(block_read_time);
+        status_ =
+            file_->Read(opts, handle_.offset(), block_size_with_trailer_,
+                        &slice_, nullptr, &direct_io_buf_, for_compaction_);
+        PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_read_count, 1);
+        used_buf_ = const_cast<char*>(slice_.data());
+      } else {
+        PrepareBufferForBlockFromFile();
+        PERF_TIMER_GUARD(block_read_time);
+        status_ = file_->Read(opts, handle_.offset(), block_size_with_trailer_,
+                              &slice_, used_buf_, nullptr, for_compaction_);
+        PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_read_count, 1);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-      if (used_buf_ == &stack_buf_[0]) {
-        num_stack_buf_memcpy_++;
-      } else if (used_buf_ == heap_buf_.get()) {
-        num_heap_buf_memcpy_++;
-      } else if (used_buf_ == compressed_buf_.get()) {
-        num_compressed_buf_memcpy_++;
-      }
+        if (used_buf_ == &stack_buf_[0]) {
+          num_stack_buf_memcpy_++;
+        } else if (used_buf_ == heap_buf_.get()) {
+          num_heap_buf_memcpy_++;
+        } else if (used_buf_ == compressed_buf_.get()) {
+          num_compressed_buf_memcpy_++;
+        }
 #endif
+      }
     }
 
     // TODO: introduce dedicated perf counter for range tombstones

table/cuckoo/cuckoo_table_builder_test.cc

@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ class CuckooBuilderTest : public testing::Test {
     size_t bucket_size = expected_unused_bucket.size();
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table_size + cuckoo_block_size - 1; ++i) {
       Slice read_slice;
-      ASSERT_OK(file_reader->Read(i * bucket_size, bucket_size, &read_slice,
-                                  nullptr, nullptr));
+      ASSERT_OK(file_reader->Read(IOOptions(), i * bucket_size, bucket_size,
+                                  &read_slice, nullptr, nullptr));
       size_t key_idx =
           std::find(expected_locations.begin(), expected_locations.end(), i) -
           expected_locations.begin();

table/cuckoo/cuckoo_table_reader.cc

@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ CuckooTableReader::CuckooTableReader(
   cuckoo_block_size_ = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(
       cuckoo_block_size->second.data());
   cuckoo_block_bytes_minus_one_ = cuckoo_block_size_ * bucket_length_ - 1;
-  status_ = file_->Read(0, static_cast<size_t>(file_size), &file_data_, nullptr,
-                        nullptr);
+  status_ = file_->Read(IOOptions(), 0, static_cast<size_t>(file_size),
+                        &file_data_, nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
 Status CuckooTableReader::Get(const ReadOptions& /*readOptions*/,

table/format.cc

@@ -304,12 +304,12 @@ Status ReadFooterFromFile(RandomAccessFileReader* file,
       !prefetch_buffer->TryReadFromCache(read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength,
                                          &footer_input)) {
     if (file->use_direct_io()) {
-      s = file->Read(read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength, &footer_input,
-                    nullptr, &internal_buf);
+      s = file->Read(IOOptions(), read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength,
+                     &footer_input, nullptr, &internal_buf);
     } else {
       footer_buf.reserve(Footer::kMaxEncodedLength);
-      s = file->Read(read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength, &footer_input,
-                    &footer_buf[0], nullptr);
+      s = file->Read(IOOptions(), read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength,
+                     &footer_input, &footer_buf[0], nullptr);
     }
     if (!s.ok()) return s;
   }

table/mock_table.cc

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ uint32_t MockTableFactory::GetAndWriteNextID(WritableFileWriter* file) const {
 uint32_t MockTableFactory::GetIDFromFile(RandomAccessFileReader* file) const {
   char buf[4];
   Slice result;
-  file->Read(0, 4, &result, buf, nullptr);
+  file->Read(IOOptions(), 0, 4, &result, buf, nullptr);
   assert(result.size() == 4);
   return DecodeFixed32(buf);
 }

table/plain/plain_table_key_coding.cc

@@ -210,8 +210,9 @@ bool PlainTableFileReader::ReadNonMmap(uint32_t file_offset, uint32_t len,
     new_buffer->buf_len = 0;
   }
   Slice read_result;
-  Status s = file_info_->file->Read(file_offset, size_to_read, &read_result,
-                                    new_buffer->buf.get(), nullptr);
+  Status s =
+      file_info_->file->Read(IOOptions(), file_offset, size_to_read,
+                             &read_result, new_buffer->buf.get(), nullptr);
   if (!s.ok()) {
     status_ = s;
     return false;

table/plain/plain_table_reader.cc

@@ -289,7 +289,8 @@ void PlainTableReader::FillBloom(const std::vector<uint32_t>& prefix_hashes) {
 Status PlainTableReader::MmapDataIfNeeded() {
   if (file_info_.is_mmap_mode) {
     // Get mmapped memory.
-    return file_info_.file->Read(0, static_cast<size_t>(file_size_),
+    return file_info_.file->Read(IOOptions(), 0,
+                                 static_cast<size_t>(file_size_),
                                  &file_info_.file_data, nullptr, nullptr);
   }
   return Status::OK();

table/table_test.cc

@@ -1264,16 +1264,16 @@ class FileChecksumTestHelper {
     Slice result;
     uint64_t offset = 0;
     Status s;
-    s = file_reader_->Read(offset, 2048, &result, scratch.get(), nullptr,
-                           false);
+    s = file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset, 2048, &result, scratch.get(),
+                           nullptr, false);
     if (!s.ok()) {
       return s;
     }
     while (result.size() != 0) {
       file_checksum_generator->Update(scratch.get(), result.size());
       offset += static_cast<uint64_t>(result.size());
-      s = file_reader_->Read(offset, 2048, &result, scratch.get(), nullptr,
-                             false);
+      s = file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset, 2048, &result, scratch.get(),
+                             nullptr, false);
       if (!s.ok()) {
         return s;
       }

utilities/blob_db/blob_db_impl.cc

@@ -1491,12 +1491,14 @@ Status BlobDBImpl::GetRawBlobFromFile(const Slice& key, uint64_t file_number,
   {
     StopWatch read_sw(env_, statistics_, BLOB_DB_BLOB_FILE_READ_MICROS);
     if (reader->use_direct_io()) {
-      s = reader->Read(record_offset, static_cast<size_t>(record_size),
-                       &blob_record, nullptr, &aligned_buf);
+      s = reader->Read(IOOptions(), record_offset,
+                       static_cast<size_t>(record_size), &blob_record, nullptr,
+                       &aligned_buf);
     } else {
       buf.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(record_size));
-      s = reader->Read(record_offset, static_cast<size_t>(record_size),
-                       &blob_record, &buf[0], nullptr);
+      s = reader->Read(IOOptions(), record_offset,
+                       static_cast<size_t>(record_size), &blob_record, &buf[0],
+                       nullptr);
     }
     RecordTick(statistics_, BLOB_DB_BLOB_FILE_BYTES_READ, blob_record.size());
   }

utilities/blob_db/blob_dump_tool.cc

@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ Status BlobDumpTool::Read(uint64_t offset, size_t size, Slice* result) {
     }
     buffer_.reset(new char[buffer_size_]);
   }
-  Status s = reader_->Read(offset, size, result, buffer_.get(), nullptr);
+  Status s =
+      reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset, size, result, buffer_.get(), nullptr);
   if (!s.ok()) {
     return s;
   }

utilities/blob_db/blob_file.cc

@@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ Status BlobFile::ReadFooter(BlobLogFooter* bf) {
   AlignedBuf aligned_buf;
   Status s;
   if (ra_file_reader_->use_direct_io()) {
-    s = ra_file_reader_->Read(footer_offset, BlobLogFooter::kSize, &result,
-                              nullptr, &aligned_buf);
+    s = ra_file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), footer_offset, BlobLogFooter::kSize,
+                              &result, nullptr, &aligned_buf);
   } else {
     buf.reserve(BlobLogFooter::kSize + 10);
-    s = ra_file_reader_->Read(footer_offset, BlobLogFooter::kSize, &result,
-                              &buf[0], nullptr);
+    s = ra_file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), footer_offset, BlobLogFooter::kSize,
+                              &result, &buf[0], nullptr);
   }
   if (!s.ok()) return s;
   if (result.size() != BlobLogFooter::kSize) {
@@ -266,11 +266,11 @@ Status BlobFile::ReadMetadata(Env* env, const EnvOptions& env_options) {
   AlignedBuf aligned_buf;
   Slice header_slice;
   if (file_reader->use_direct_io()) {
-    s = file_reader->Read(0, BlobLogHeader::kSize, &header_slice, nullptr,
-                          &aligned_buf);
+    s = file_reader->Read(IOOptions(), 0, BlobLogHeader::kSize, &header_slice,
+                          nullptr, &aligned_buf);
   } else {
     header_buf.reserve(BlobLogHeader::kSize);
-    s = file_reader->Read(0, BlobLogHeader::kSize, &header_slice,
+    s = file_reader->Read(IOOptions(), 0, BlobLogHeader::kSize, &header_slice,
                           &header_buf[0], nullptr);
   }
   if (!s.ok()) {
@@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ Status BlobFile::ReadMetadata(Env* env, const EnvOptions& env_options) {
   std::string footer_buf;
   Slice footer_slice;
   if (file_reader->use_direct_io()) {
-    s = file_reader->Read(file_size - BlobLogFooter::kSize,
+    s = file_reader->Read(IOOptions(), file_size - BlobLogFooter::kSize,
                           BlobLogFooter::kSize, &footer_slice, nullptr,
                           &aligned_buf);
   } else {
     footer_buf.reserve(BlobLogFooter::kSize);
-    s = file_reader->Read(file_size - BlobLogFooter::kSize,
+    s = file_reader->Read(IOOptions(), file_size - BlobLogFooter::kSize,
                           BlobLogFooter::kSize, &footer_slice, &footer_buf[0],
                           nullptr);
   }

utilities/blob_db/blob_log_reader.cc

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ Reader::Reader(std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader>&& file_reader, Env* env,
 
 Status Reader::ReadSlice(uint64_t size, Slice* slice, char* buf) {
   StopWatch read_sw(env_, statistics_, BLOB_DB_BLOB_FILE_READ_MICROS);
-  Status s =
-      file_->Read(next_byte_, static_cast<size_t>(size), slice, buf, nullptr);
+  Status s = file_->Read(IOOptions(), next_byte_, static_cast<size_t>(size),
+                         slice, buf, nullptr);
   next_byte_ += size;
   if (!s.ok()) {
     return s;

utilities/persistent_cache/block_cache_tier_file.cc

@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@ bool RandomAccessCacheFile::Read(const LBA& lba, Slice* key, Slice* val,
   }
 
   Slice result;
-  Status s = freader_->Read(lba.off_, lba.size_, &result, scratch, nullptr);
+  Status s = freader_->Read(IOOptions(), lba.off_, lba.size_, &result, scratch,
+                            nullptr);
   if (!s.ok()) {
     Error(log_, "Error reading from file %s. %s", Path().c_str(),
           s.ToString().c_str());

utilities/trace/file_trace_reader_writer.cc

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Status FileTraceReader::Close() {
 
 Status FileTraceReader::Read(std::string* data) {
   assert(file_reader_ != nullptr);
-  Status s = file_reader_->Read(offset_, kTraceMetadataSize, &result_, buffer_,
-                                nullptr);
+  Status s = file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset_, kTraceMetadataSize,
+                                &result_, buffer_, nullptr);
   if (!s.ok()) {
     return s;
   }
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ Status FileTraceReader::Read(std::string* data) {
   unsigned int to_read =
       bytes_to_read > kBufferSize ? kBufferSize : bytes_to_read;
   while (to_read > 0) {
-    s = file_reader_->Read(offset_, to_read, &result_, buffer_, nullptr);
+    s = file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset_, to_read, &result_, buffer_,
+                           nullptr);
     if (!s.ok()) {
       return s;
     }