14 Commits (2f973ca96e2d923d454664a9cfdcd0b81bc36a73)

Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Peter Dillinger	8aa99fc71e	Warn on excessive keys for legacy Bloom filter with 32-bit hash (#6317) ... Summary: With many millions of keys, the old Bloom filter implementation for the block-based table (format_version <= 4) would have excessive FP rate due to the limitations of feeding the Bloom filter with a 32-bit hash. This change computes an estimated inflated FP rate due to this effect and warns in the log whenever an SST filter is constructed (almost certainly a "full" not "partitioned" filter) that exceeds 1.5x FP rate due to this effect. The detailed condition is only checked if 3 million keys or more have been added to a filter, as this should be a lower bound for common bits/key settings (< 20). Recommended remedies include smaller SST file size, using format_version >= 5 (for new Bloom filter), or using partitioned filters. This does not change behavior other than generating warnings for some constructed filters using the old implementation. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6317 Test Plan: Example with warning, 15M keys @ 15 bits / key: (working_mem_size_mb is just to stop after building one filter if it's large) $ ./filter_bench -quick -impl=0 -working_mem_size_mb=1 -bits_per_key=15 -average_keys_per_filter=15000000 2>&1 | grep 'FP rate' [WARN] [/block_based/filter_policy.cc:292] Using legacy SST/BBT Bloom filter with excessive key count (15.0M @ 15bpk), causing estimated 1.8x higher filter FP rate. Consider using new Bloom with format_version>=5, smaller SST file size, or partitioned filters. Predicted FP rate %: 0.766702 Average FP rate %: 0.66846 Example without warning (150K keys): $ ./filter_bench -quick -impl=0 -working_mem_size_mb=1 -bits_per_key=15 -average_keys_per_filter=150000 2>&1 | grep 'FP rate' Predicted FP rate %: 0.422857 Average FP rate %: 0.379301 $ With more samples at 15 bits/key: 150K keys -> no warning; actual: 0.379% FP rate (baseline) 1M keys -> no warning; actual: 0.396% FP rate, 1.045x 9M keys -> no warning; actual: 0.563% FP rate, 1.485x 10M keys -> warning (1.5x); actual: 0.564% FP rate, 1.488x 15M keys -> warning (1.8x); actual: 0.668% FP rate, 1.76x 25M keys -> warning (2.4x); actual: 0.880% FP rate, 2.32x At 10 bits/key: 150K keys -> no warning; actual: 1.17% FP rate (baseline) 1M keys -> no warning; actual: 1.16% FP rate 10M keys -> no warning; actual: 1.32% FP rate, 1.13x 25M keys -> no warning; actual: 1.63% FP rate, 1.39x 35M keys -> warning (1.6x); actual: 1.81% FP rate, 1.55x At 5 bits/key: 150K keys -> no warning; actual: 9.32% FP rate (baseline) 25M keys -> no warning; actual: 9.62% FP rate, 1.03x 200M keys -> no warning; actual: 12.2% FP rate, 1.31x 250M keys -> warning (1.5x); actual: 12.8% FP rate, 1.37x 300M keys -> warning (1.6x); actual: 13.4% FP rate, 1.43x The reason for the modest inaccuracy at low bits/key is that the assumption of independence between a collision between 32-hash values feeding the filter and an FP in the filter is not quite true for implementations using "simple" logic to compute indices from the stock hash result. There's math on this in my dissertation, but I don't think it's worth the effort just for these extreme cases (> 100 million keys and low-ish bits/key). Differential Revision: D19471715 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: f80c96893a09bf1152630ff0b964e5cdd7e35c68	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	4b86fe1123	Log warning for high bits/key in legacy Bloom filter (#6312) ... Summary: Help users that would benefit most from new Bloom filter implementation by logging a warning that recommends the using format_version >= 5. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6312 Test Plan: $ (for BPK in 10 13 14 19 20 50; do ./filter_bench -quick -impl=0 -bits_per_key=$BPK -m_queries=1 2>&1; done) | grep 'its/key' Bits/key actual: 10.0647 Bits/key actual: 13.0593 [WARN] [/block_based/filter_policy.cc:546] Using legacy Bloom filter with high (14) bits/key. Significant filter space and/or accuracy improvement is available with format_verion>=5. Bits/key actual: 14.0581 [WARN] [/block_based/filter_policy.cc:546] Using legacy Bloom filter with high (19) bits/key. Significant filter space and/or accuracy improvement is available with format_verion>=5. Bits/key actual: 19.0542 [WARN] [/block_based/filter_policy.cc:546] Using legacy Bloom filter with high (20) bits/key. Dramatic filter space and/or accuracy improvement is available with format_verion>=5. Bits/key actual: 20.0584 [WARN] [/block_based/filter_policy.cc:546] Using legacy Bloom filter with high (50) bits/key. Dramatic filter space and/or accuracy improvement is available with format_verion>=5. Bits/key actual: 50.0577 Differential Revision: D19457191 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 073d94cde5c70e03a160f953e1100c15ea83eda4	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	a92bd0a183	Optimize memory and CPU for building new Bloom filter (#6175) ... Summary: The filter bits builder collects all the hashes to add in memory before adding them (because the number of keys is not known until we've walked over all the keys). Existing code uses a std::vector for this, which can mean up to 2x than necessary space allocated (and not freed) and up to ~2x write amplification in memory. Using std::deque uses close to minimal space (for large filters, the only time it matters), no write amplification, frees memory while building, and no need for large contiguous memory area. The only cost is more calls to allocator, which does not appear to matter, at least in benchmark test. For now, this change only applies to the new (format_version=5) Bloom filter implementation, to ease before-and-after comparison downstream. Temporary memory use during build is about the only way the new Bloom filter could regress vs. the old (because of upgrade to 64-bit hash) and that should only matter for full filters. This change should largely mitigate that potential regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6175 Test Plan: Using filter_bench with -new_builder option and 6M keys per filter is like large full filter (improvement). 10k keys and no -new_builder is like partitioned filters (about the same). (Corresponding configurations run simultaneously on devserver.) std::vector impl (before) $ /usr/bin/time -v ./filter_bench -impl=2 -quick -new_builder -working_mem_size_mb=1000 - average_keys_per_filter=6000000 Build avg ns/key: 52.2027 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1105016 $ /usr/bin/time -v ./filter_bench -impl=2 -quick -working_mem_size_mb=1000 - average_keys_per_filter=10000 Build avg ns/key: 30.5694 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1208152 std::deque impl (after) $ /usr/bin/time -v ./filter_bench -impl=2 -quick -new_builder -working_mem_size_mb=1000 - average_keys_per_filter=6000000 Build avg ns/key: 39.0697 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1087196 $ /usr/bin/time -v ./filter_bench -impl=2 -quick -working_mem_size_mb=1000 - average_keys_per_filter=10000 Build avg ns/key: 30.9348 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1207980 Differential Revision: D19053431 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 2888e748723a19d9ea40403934f13cbb8483430c	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	ca3b6c28c9	Expose and elaborate FilterBuildingContext (#6088) ... Summary: This change enables custom implementations of FilterPolicy to wrap a variety of NewBloomFilterPolicy and select among them based on contextual information such as table level and compaction style. * Moves FilterBuildingContext to public API and elaborates it with more useful data. (It would be nice to put more general options-like data, but at the time this object is constructed, we are using internal APIs ImmutableCFOptions and MutableCFOptions and don't have easy access to ColumnFamilyOptions that I can tell.) * Renames BloomFilterPolicy::GetFilterBitsBuilderInternal to GetBuilderWithContext, because it's now public. * Plumbs through the table's "level_at_creation" for filter building context. * Simplified some tests by adding GetBuilder() to MockBlockBasedTableTester. * Adds test as DBBloomFilterTest.ContextCustomFilterPolicy, including sample wrapper class LevelAndStyleCustomFilterPolicy. * Fixes a cross-test bug in DBBloomFilterTest.OptimizeFiltersForHits where it does not reset perf context. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6088 Test Plan: make check, valgrind on db_bloom_filter_test Differential Revision: D18697817 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 5f987a2d7b07cc7a33670bc08ca6b4ca698c1cf4	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	57f3032285	Allow fractional bits/key in BloomFilterPolicy (#6092) ... Summary: There's no technological impediment to allowing the Bloom filter bits/key to be non-integer (fractional/decimal) values, and it provides finer control over the memory vs. accuracy trade-off. This is especially handy in using the format_version=5 Bloom filter in place of the old one, because bits_per_key=9.55 provides the same accuracy as the old bits_per_key=10. This change not only requires refining the logic for choosing the best num_probes for a given bits/key setting, it revealed a flaw in that logic. As bits/key gets higher, the best num_probes for a cache-local Bloom filter is closer to bpk / 2 than to bpk * 0.69, the best choice for a standard Bloom filter. For example, at 16 bits per key, the best num_probes is 9 (FP rate = 0.0843%) not 11 (FP rate = 0.0884%). This change fixes and refines that logic (for the format_version=5 Bloom filter only, just in case) based on empirical tests to find accuracy inflection points between each num_probes. Although bits_per_key is now specified as a double, the new Bloom filter converts/rounds this to "millibits / key" for predictable/precise internal computations. Just in case of unforeseen compatibility issues, we round to the nearest whole number bits / key for the legacy Bloom filter, so as not to unlock new behaviors for it. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6092 Test Plan: unit tests included Differential Revision: D18711313 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 1aa73295f152a995328cb846ef9157ae8a05522a	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	0306e01233	Fixes for g++ 4.9.2 compatibility (#6053) ... Summary: Taken from merryChris in https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/6043 Stackoverflow ref on {{}} vs. {}: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26947704/implicit-conversion-failure-from-initializer-list Note to reader: .clear() does not empty out an ostringstream, but .str("") suffices because we don't have to worry about clearing error flags. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6053 Test Plan: make check, manual run of filter_bench Differential Revision: D18602259 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: f6190f83b8eab4e80e7c107348839edabe727841	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	f059c7d9b9	New Bloom filter implementation for full and partitioned filters (#6007) ... Summary: Adds an improved, replacement Bloom filter implementation (FastLocalBloom) for full and partitioned filters in the block-based table. This replacement is faster and more accurate, especially for high bits per key or millions of keys in a single filter. Speed The improved speed, at least on recent x86_64, comes from * Using fastrange instead of modulo (%) * Using our new hash function (XXH3 preview, added in a previous commit), which is much faster for large keys and only *slightly* slower on keys around 12 bytes if hashing the same size many thousands of times in a row. * Optimizing the Bloom filter queries with AVX2 SIMD operations. (Added AVX2 to the USE_SSE=1 build.) Careful design was required to support (a) SIMD-optimized queries, (b) compatible non-SIMD code that's simple and efficient, (c) flexible choice of number of probes, and (d) essentially maximized accuracy for a cache-local Bloom filter. Probes are made eight at a time, so any number of probes up to 8 is the same speed, then up to 16, etc. * Prefetching cache lines when building the filter. Although this optimization could be applied to the old structure as well, it seems to balance out the small added cost of accumulating 64 bit hashes for adding to the filter rather than 32 bit hashes. Here's nominal speed data from filter_bench (200MB in filters, about 10k keys each, 10 bits filter data / key, 6 probes, avg key size 24 bytes, includes hashing time) on Skylake DE (relatively low clock speed): $ ./filter_bench -quick -impl=2 -net_includes_hashing # New Bloom filter Build avg ns/key: 47.7135 Mixed inside/outside queries... Single filter net ns/op: 26.2825 Random filter net ns/op: 150.459 Average FP rate %: 0.954651 $ ./filter_bench -quick -impl=0 -net_includes_hashing # Old Bloom filter Build avg ns/key: 47.2245 Mixed inside/outside queries... Single filter net ns/op: 63.2978 Random filter net ns/op: 188.038 Average FP rate %: 1.13823 Similar build time but dramatically faster query times on hot data (63 ns to 26 ns), and somewhat faster on stale data (188 ns to 150 ns). Performance differences on batched and skewed query loads are between these extremes as expected. The only other interesting thing about speed is "inside" (query key was added to filter) vs. "outside" (query key was not added to filter) query times. The non-SIMD implementations are substantially slower when most queries are "outside" vs. "inside". This goes against what one might expect or would have observed years ago, as "outside" queries only need about two probes on average, due to short-circuiting, while "inside" always have num_probes (say 6). The problem is probably the nastily unpredictable branch. The SIMD implementation has few branches (very predictable) and has pretty consistent running time regardless of query outcome. Accuracy The generally improved accuracy (re: Issue https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5857) comes from a better design for probing indices within a cache line (re: Issue https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/4120) and improved accuracy for millions of keys in a single filter from using a 64-bit hash function (XXH3p). Design details in code comments. Accuracy data (generalizes, except old impl gets worse with millions of keys): Memory bits per key: FP rate percent old impl -> FP rate percent new impl 6: 5.70953 -> 5.69888 8: 2.45766 -> 2.29709 10: 1.13977 -> 0.959254 12: 0.662498 -> 0.411593 16: 0.353023 -> 0.0873754 24: 0.261552 -> 0.0060971 50: 0.225453 -> ~0.00003 (less than 1 in a million queries are FP) Fixes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5857 Fixes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/4120 Unlike the old implementation, this implementation has a fixed cache line size (64 bytes). At 10 bits per key, the accuracy of this new implementation is very close to the old implementation with 128-byte cache line size. If there's sufficient demand, this implementation could be generalized. Compatibility Although old releases would see the new structure as corrupt filter data and read the table as if there's no filter, we've decided only to enable the new Bloom filter with new format_version=5. This provides a smooth path for automatic adoption over time, with an option for early opt-in. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6007 Test Plan: filter_bench has been used thoroughly to validate speed, accuracy, and correctness. Unit tests have been carefully updated to exercise new and old implementations, as well as the logic to select an implementation based on context (format_version). Differential Revision: D18294749 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: d44c9db3696e4d0a17caaec47075b7755c262c5f	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	18f57f5ef8	Add new persistent 64-bit hash (#5984) ... Summary: For upcoming new SST filter implementations, we will use a new 64-bit hash function (XXH3 preview, slightly modified). This change updates hash.{h,cc} for that change, adds unit tests, and out-of-lines the implementations to keep hash.h as clean/small as possible. In developing the unit tests, I discovered that the XXH3 preview always returns zero for the empty string. Zero is problematic for some algorithms (including an upcoming SST filter implementation) if it occurs more often than at the "natural" rate, so it should not be returned from trivial values using trivial seeds. I modified our fork of XXH3 to return a modest hash of the seed for the empty string. With hash function details out-of-lines in hash.h, it makes sense to enable XXH_INLINE_ALL, so that direct calls to XXH64/XXH32/XXH3p are inlined. To fix array-bounds warnings on some inline calls, I injected some casts to uintptr_t in xxhash.cc. (Issue reported to Yann.) Revised: Reverted using XXH_INLINE_ALL for now. Some Facebook checks are unhappy about #include on xxhash.cc file. I would fix that by rename to xxhash_cc.h, but to best preserve history I want to do that in a separate commit (PR) from the uintptr casts. Also updated filter_bench for this change, improving the performance predictability of dry run hashing and adding support for 64-bit hash (for upcoming new SST filter implementations, minor dead code in the tool for now). Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5984 Differential Revision: D18246567 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 6162fbf6381d63c8cc611dd7ec70e1ddc883fbb8	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	26dc29633e	filter_bench not needed for ROCKSDB_LITE (#5978) ... Summary: filter_bench is a specialized micro-benchmarking tool that should not be needed with ROCKSDB_LITE. This should fix the LITE build. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5978 Test Plan: make LITE=1 check Differential Revision: D18177941 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: b73a171404661e09e018bc99afcf8d4bf1e2949c	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	3f891c40a0	More improvements to filter_bench (#5968) ... Summary: * Adds support for plain table filter. This is not critical right now, but does add a -impl flag that will be useful for new filter implementations initially targeted at block-based table (and maybe later ported to plain table) * Better mixing of inside vs. outside queries, for more realism * A -best_case option handy for implementation tuning inner loop * Option for whether to include hashing time in dry run / net timings No modifications to production code, just filter_bench. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5968 Differential Revision: D18139872 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 5b09eba963111b48f9e0525a706e9921070990e8	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	2837008525	Vary key size and alignment in filter_bench (#5933) ... Summary: The first version of filter_bench has selectable key size but that size does not vary throughout a test run. This artificially favors "branchy" hash functions like the existing BloomHash, MurmurHash1, probably because of optimal return for branch prediction. This change primarily varies those key sizes from -2 to +2 bytes vs. the average selected size. We also set the default key size at 24 to better reflect our best guess of typical key size. But steadily random key sizes may not be realistic either. So this change introduces a new filter_bench option: -vary_key_size_log2_interval=n where the same key size is used 2^n times and then changes to another size. I've set the default at 5 (32 times same size) as a compromise between deployments with rather consistent vs. rather variable key sizes. On my Skylake system, the performance boost to MurmurHash1 largely lies between n=10 and n=15. Also added -vary_key_alignment (bool, now default=true), though this doesn't currently seem to matter in hash functions under consideration. This change also does a "dry run" for each testing scenario, to improve the accuracy of those numbers, as there was more difference between scenarios than expected. Subtracting gross test run times from dry run times is now also embedded in the output, because these "net" times are generally the most useful. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5933 Differential Revision: D18121683 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 3c7efee1c5661a5fe43de555e786754ddf80dc1e	5 years ago
Levi Tamasi	29ccf2075c	Store the filter bits reader alongside the filter block contents (#5936) ... Summary: Amongst other things, PR https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5504 refactored the filter block readers so that only the filter block contents are stored in the block cache (as opposed to the earlier design where the cache stored the filter block reader itself, leading to potentially dangling pointers and concurrency bugs). However, this change introduced a performance hit since with the new code, the metadata fields are re-parsed upon every access. This patch reunites the block contents with the filter bits reader to eliminate this overhead; since this is still a self-contained pure data object, it is safe to store it in the cache. (Note: this is similar to how the zstd digest is handled.) Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5936 Test Plan: make asan_check filter_bench results for the old code: ``` $ ./filter_bench -quick WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow Building... Build avg ns/key: 26.7153 Number of filters: 16669 Total memory (MB): 200.009 Bits/key actual: 10.0647 ---------------------------- Inside queries... Dry run (46b) ns/op: 33.4258 Single filter ns/op: 42.5974 Random filter ns/op: 217.861 ---------------------------- Outside queries... Dry run (25d) ns/op: 32.4217 Single filter ns/op: 50.9855 Random filter ns/op: 219.167 Average FP rate %: 1.13993 ---------------------------- Done. (For more info, run with -legend or -help.) $ ./filter_bench -quick -use_full_block_reader WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow Building... Build avg ns/key: 26.5172 Number of filters: 16669 Total memory (MB): 200.009 Bits/key actual: 10.0647 ---------------------------- Inside queries... Dry run (46b) ns/op: 32.3556 Single filter ns/op: 83.2239 Random filter ns/op: 370.676 ---------------------------- Outside queries... Dry run (25d) ns/op: 32.2265 Single filter ns/op: 93.5651 Random filter ns/op: 408.393 Average FP rate %: 1.13993 ---------------------------- Done. (For more info, run with -legend or -help.) ``` With the new code: ``` $ ./filter_bench -quick WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow Building... Build avg ns/key: 25.4285 Number of filters: 16669 Total memory (MB): 200.009 Bits/key actual: 10.0647 ---------------------------- Inside queries... Dry run (46b) ns/op: 31.0594 Single filter ns/op: 43.8974 Random filter ns/op: 226.075 ---------------------------- Outside queries... Dry run (25d) ns/op: 31.0295 Single filter ns/op: 50.3824 Random filter ns/op: 226.805 Average FP rate %: 1.13993 ---------------------------- Done. (For more info, run with -legend or -help.) $ ./filter_bench -quick -use_full_block_reader WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow Building... Build avg ns/key: 26.5308 Number of filters: 16669 Total memory (MB): 200.009 Bits/key actual: 10.0647 ---------------------------- Inside queries... Dry run (46b) ns/op: 33.2968 Single filter ns/op: 58.6163 Random filter ns/op: 291.434 ---------------------------- Outside queries... Dry run (25d) ns/op: 32.1839 Single filter ns/op: 66.9039 Random filter ns/op: 292.828 Average FP rate %: 1.13993 ---------------------------- Done. (For more info, run with -legend or -help.) ``` Differential Revision: D17991712 Pulled By: ltamasi fbshipit-source-id: 7ea205550217bfaaa1d5158ebd658e5832e60f29	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	90e285efde	Fix some implicit conversions in filter_bench (#5894) ... Summary: Fixed some spots where converting size_t or uint_fast32_t to uint32_t. Wrapped mt19937 in a new Random32 class to avoid future such traps. NB: I tried using Random32::Uniform (std::uniform_int_distribution) in filter_bench instead of fastrange, but that more than doubled the dry run time! So I added fastrange as Random32::Uniformish. ;) Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5894 Test Plan: USE_CLANG=1 build, and manual re-run filter_bench Differential Revision: D17825131 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 68feee333b5f8193c084ded760e3d6679b405ecd	5 years ago
Peter Dillinger	46ca51d430	filter_bench - a prelim tool for SST filter benchmarking (#5825) ... Summary: Example: using the tool before and after PR https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5784 shows that the refactoring, presumed performance-neutral, actually sped up SST filters by about 3% to 8% (repeatable result): Before: - Dry run ns/op: 22.4725 - Single filter ns/op: 51.1078 - Random filter ns/op: 120.133 After: + Dry run ns/op: 22.2301 + Single filter run ns/op: 47.4313 + Random filter ns/op: 115.9 Only tests filters for the block-based table (full filters and partitioned filters - same implementation; not block-based filters), which seems to be the recommended format/implementation. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5825 Differential Revision: D17804987 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 0f18a9c254c57f7866030d03e7fa4ba503bac3c5	5 years ago