Summary:
The leveldb API is enhanced to support different compression algorithms at
different levels.
This adds the option min_level_to_compress to db_bench that specifies
the minimum level for which compression should be done when
compression is enabled. This can be used to disable compression for levels
0 and 1 which are likely to suffer from stalls because of the CPU load
for memtable flushes and (L0,L1) compaction. Level 0 is special as it
gets frequent memtable flushes. Level 1 is special as it frequently
gets all:all file compactions between it and level 0. But all other levels
could be the same. For any level N where N > 1, the rate of sequential
IO for that level should be the same. The last level is the
exception because it might not be full and because files from it are
not read to compact with the next larger level.
The same amount of time will be spent doing compaction at any
level N excluding N=0, 1 or the last level. By this standard all
of those levels should use the same compression. The difference is that
the loss (using more disk space) from a faster compression algorithm
is less significant for N=2 than for N=3. So we might be willing to
trade disk space for faster write rates with no compression
for L0 and L1, snappy for L2, zlib for L3. Using a faster compression
algorithm for the mid levels also allows us to reclaim some cpu
without trading off much loss in disk space overhead.
Also note that little is to be gained by compressing levels 0 and 1. For
a 4-level tree they account for 10% of the data. For a 5-level tree they
account for 1% of the data.
With compression enabled:
* memtable flush rate is ~18MB/second
* (L0,L1) compaction rate is ~30MB/second
With compression enabled but min_level_to_compress=2
* memtable flush rate is ~320MB/second
* (L0,L1) compaction rate is ~560MB/second
This practicaly takes the same code from https://reviews.facebook.net/D6225
but makes the leveldb api more general purpose with a few additional
lines of code.
Test Plan: make check
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6261
Summary:
Adds the "MB/sec in" and "MB/sec out" to this line:
Amplification: 1.7 rate, 0.01 GB in, 0.02 GB out, 8.24 MB/sec in, 13.75 MB/sec out
Changes all values to be reported per interval and since test start for this line:
... thread 0: (10000,60000) ops and (19155.6,27307.5) ops/second in (0.522041,2.197198) seconds
Task ID: #
Blame Rev:
Test Plan:
run db_bench
Revert Plan:
Database Impact:
Memcache Impact:
Other Notes:
EImportant:
- begin *PUBLIC* platform impact section -
Bugzilla: #
- end platform impact -
Reviewers: dhruba
Reviewed By: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6291
Summary:
Adds a method that returns the score for the next level that most
needs compaction. That method is then used by db_bench to rate limit threads.
Threads are put to sleep at the end of each stats interval until the score
is less than the limit. The limit is set via the --rate_limit=$double option.
The specified value must be > 1.0. Also adds the option --stats_per_interval
to enable additional metrics reported every stats interval.
Task ID: #
Blame Rev:
Test Plan:
run db_bench
Revert Plan:
Database Impact:
Memcache Impact:
Other Notes:
EImportant:
- begin *PUBLIC* platform impact section -
Bugzilla: #
- end platform impact -
Reviewers: dhruba
Reviewed By: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6243
Summary:
This adds more statistics to be reported by GetProperty("leveldb.stats").
The new stats include time spent waiting on stalls in MakeRoomForWrite.
This also includes the total amplification rate where that is:
(#bytes of sequential IO during compaction) / (#bytes from Put)
This also includes a lot more data for the per-level compaction report.
* Rn(MB) - MB read from level N during compaction between levels N and N+1
* Rnp1(MB) - MB read from level N+1 during compaction between levels N and N+1
* Wnew(MB) - new data written to the level during compaction
* Amplify - ( Write(MB) + Rnp1(MB) ) / Rn(MB)
* Rn - files read from level N during compaction between levels N and N+1
* Rnp1 - files read from level N+1 during compaction between levels N and N+1
* Wnp1 - files written to level N+1 during compaction between levels N and N+1
* NewW - new files written to level N+1 during compaction
* Count - number of compactions done for this level
This is the new output from DB::GetProperty("leveldb.stats"). The old output stopped at Write(MB)
Compactions
Level Files Size(MB) Time(sec) Read(MB) Write(MB) Rn(MB) Rnp1(MB) Wnew(MB) Amplify Read(MB/s) Write(MB/s) Rn Rnp1 Wnp1 NewW Count
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 3 6 33 0 576 0 0 576 -1.0 0.0 1.3 0 0 0 0 290
1 127 242 351 5316 5314 570 4747 567 17.0 12.1 12.1 287 2399 2685 286 32
2 161 328 54 822 824 326 496 328 4.0 1.9 1.9 160 251 411 160 161
Amplification: 22.3 rate, 0.56 GB in, 12.55 GB out
Uptime(secs): 439.8
Stalls(secs): 206.938 level0_slowdown, 0.000 level0_numfiles, 24.129 memtable_compaction
Task ID: #
Blame Rev:
Test Plan:
run db_bench
Revert Plan:
Database Impact:
Memcache Impact:
Other Notes:
EImportant:
- begin *PUBLIC* platform impact section -
Bugzilla: #
- end platform impact -
(cherry picked from commit ecdeead38f86cc02e754d0032600742c4f02fec8)
Reviewers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6153
Summary:
The parameter delete_obsolete_files_period_micros controls the
periodicity of deleting obsolete files. db_bench was reading in
this parameter intoa local variable called 'l' but was incorrectly
using another local variable called 'n' while setting it in the
db.options data structure.
This patch also logs the value of delete_obsolete_files_period_micros
in the LOG file at db startup time.
I am hoping that this will improve the overall write throughput drastically.
Test Plan: run db_bench
Reviewers: MarkCallaghan, heyongqiang
Reviewed By: MarkCallaghan
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6099
published in https://reviews.facebook.net/D5997.
Summary:
This patch allows compaction to occur in multiple background threads
concurrently.
If a manual compaction is issued, the system falls back to a
single-compaction-thread model. This is done to ensure correctess
and simplicity of code. When the manual compaction is finished,
the system resumes its concurrent-compaction mode automatically.
The updates to the manifest are done via group-commit approach.
Test Plan: run db_bench
Summary:
The method DeleteObsolete files is a very costly methind, especially
when the number of files in a system is large. It makes a list of
all live-files and then scans the directory to compute the diff.
By default, this method is executed after every compaction run.
This patch makes it such that DeleteObsolete files is never
invoked twice within a configured period.
Test Plan: run all unit tests
Reviewers: heyongqiang, MarkCallaghan
Reviewed By: MarkCallaghan
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6045
Summary: Enhance db_bench to allow setting the number of levels in a database.
Test Plan: run db_bench and look at LOG
Reviewers: heyongqiang, MarkCallaghan
Reviewed By: MarkCallaghan
CC: MarkCallaghan
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D6027
Summary:
We have seen that reading data via the pread call (instead of
mmap) is much faster on Linux 2.6.x kernels. This patch makes
an equivalent option to switch off mmaps for the write path
as well.
db_bench --mmap_write=0 will use write() instead of mmap() to
write data to a file.
This change is backward compatible, the default
option is to continue using mmap for writing to a file.
Test Plan: "make check all"
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5781
Summary:
The option is zero by default and in that case reporting is unchanged.
By unchanged, the interval at which stats are reported is scaled after each
report and newline is not issued after each report so one line is rewritten.
When non-zero it specifies the constant interval (in operations) at which
statistics are reported and the stats include the rate per interval. This
makes it easier to determine whether QPS changes over the duration of the test.
Task ID: #
Blame Rev:
Test Plan:
run db_bench
Revert Plan:
Database Impact:
Memcache Impact:
Other Notes:
EImportant:
- begin *PUBLIC* platform impact section -
Bugzilla: #
- end platform impact -
Reviewers: dhruba
Reviewed By: dhruba
CC: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5817
Summary:
A simple CLI which calles DB->CompactRange()
Can take String key's as range.
Test Plan:
Inserted data into a table.
Waited for a minute, used compact tool on it. File modification time's
changed so Compact did something on the files.
Existing unit tests work.
Reviewers: heyongqiang, dhruba
Reviewed By: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5697
Summary:
as subject. This diff should be good for benchmarking.
will send another diff to make it better in the case the seek compaction is enable.
In that coming diff, will not count a seek if the bloomfilter filters.
Test Plan: build
Reviewers: dhruba, MarkCallaghan
Reviewed By: MarkCallaghan
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5481
Summary:
as subject. this can be used for benchmarking.
If we want it for some cases, we can do more changes to make this part of the option.
Test Plan: db_test
Reviewers: dhruba
CC: MarkCallaghan
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5451
Summary:
FLAGS_cache_size is a long, no need to scan %lld into a size_t
for it (which generates a compiler warning)
Test Plan: run db_bench
Reviewers: dhruba, heyongqiang
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
CC: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5427
Summary:
This adds an option to db_bench to specify the compression algorithm to
use for LevelDB
Test Plan: ran db_bench
Reviewers: dhruba
Reviewed By: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5421
Summary:
Ability to switch off filesystem read-aheads. This change is
backward-compatible: the default setting is to allow file
system read-aheads.
Test Plan: run benchmarks
Reviewers: heyongqiang, adsharma
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5391
Summary: Enable db_bench to specify block size.
Test Plan: compile and run
Reviewers: heyongqiang
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5373
Summary: If none of reads or writes are specified by user, then pick the FLAGS_NUM as the number of iterations in the ReadRandomWriteRandom test. If either reads or writes are defined, then use their maximum.
Test Plan: run benchmark
Reviewers: heyongqiang
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5217
Summary:
This patch enables the db_bench benchmark to issue both random reads and random writes at the same time. This options can be trigged via
./db_bench --benchmarks=readrandomwriterandom
The default percetage of reads is 90.
One can change the percentage of reads by specifying the --readwritepercent.
./db_bench --benchmarks=readrandomwriterandom=50
This is a feature request from Jeffro asking for leveldb performance with a 90:10 read:write ratio.
Test Plan: run on test machine.
Reviewers: heyongqiang
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5067
Summary:
The numbers of shards that the block cache is divided into is
configurable. However, if the user specifies that he/she wants
the block cache to be divided into more than 2**20 pieces, then
the system will rey to allocate a huge array of that size) that
could fail.
It is better to limit the sharding of the block cache to an
upper bound. The default sharding is 16 shards (i.e. 2**4)
and the maximum is now 2 million shards (i.e. 2**20).
Also, fixed a bug with the LRUCache where the numShardBits
should be a private member of the LRUCache object rather than
a static variable.
Test Plan:
run db_bench with --cache_numshardbits=64.
Task ID: #
Blame Rev:
Reviewers: heyongqiang
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5013
Summary:
Introduce a new method Env->Fsync() that issues fsync (instead of fdatasync).
This is needed for data durability when running on ext3 filesystems.
Added options to the benchmark db_bench to generate performance numbers
with either fsync or fdatasync enabled.
Cleaned up Makefile to build leveldb_shell only when building the thrift
leveldb server.
Test Plan: build and run benchmark
Reviewers: heyongqiang
Reviewed By: heyongqiang
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D4911
Summary:
Added option --writes=xxx to specify the number of keys that we want to overwrite in the benchmark.
Task ID: #
Blame Rev:
Test Plan: Revert Plan:
Reviewers: adsharma
CC: sc
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D3465
Summary:
The db_bench test was not using the specified value for the max-file-open. Fixed.
The fs readhead is switched off.
Gather statistics about the table cache and print it out at the end of the tets run.
Test Plan: Revert Plan:
Reviewers: adsharma, sc
Reviewed By: adsharma
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D3441
In particular, we add a new FilterPolicy class. An instance
of this class can be supplied in Options when opening a
database. If supplied, the instance is used to generate
summaries of keys (e.g., a bloom filter) which are placed in
sstables. These summaries are consulted by DB::Get() so we
can avoid reading sstable blocks that are guaranteed to not
contain the key we are looking for.
This change provides one implementation of FilterPolicy
based on bloom filters.
Other changes:
- Updated version number to 1.4.
- Some build tweaks.
- C binding for CompactRange.
- A few more benchmarks: deleteseq, deleterandom, readmissing, seekrandom.
- Minor .gitignore update.
- Replace raw slice comparison with a call to user comparator.
Added test for custom comparators.
- Fix end of namespace comments.
- Fixed bug in picking inputs for a level-0 compaction.
When finding overlapping files, the covered range may expand
as files are added to the input set. We now correctly expand
the range when this happens instead of continuing to use the
old range. For example, suppose L0 contains files with the
following ranges:
F1: a .. d
F2: c .. g
F3: f .. j
and the initial compaction target is F3. We used to search
for range f..j which yielded {F2,F3}. However we now expand
the range as soon as another file is added. In this case,
when F2 is added, we expand the range to c..j and restart the
search. That picks up file F1 as well.
This change fixes a bug related to deleted keys showing up
incorrectly after a compaction as described in Issue 44.
(Sync with upstream @25072954)
- Added DB::CompactRange() method.
Changed manual compaction code so it breaks up compactions of
big ranges into smaller compactions.
Changed the code that pushes the output of memtable compactions
to higher levels to obey the grandparent constraint: i.e., we
must never have a single file in level L that overlaps too
much data in level L+1 (to avoid very expensive L-1 compactions).
Added code to pretty-print internal keys.
- Fixed bug where we would not detect overlap with files in
level-0 because we were incorrectly using binary search
on an array of files with overlapping ranges.
Added "leveldb.sstables" property that can be used to dump
all of the sstables and ranges that make up the db state.
- Removing post_write_snapshot support. Email to leveldb mailing
list brought up no users, just confusion from one person about
what it meant.
- Fixing static_cast char to unsigned on BIG_ENDIAN platforms.
Fixes Issue 35 and Issue 36.
- Comment clarification to address leveldb Issue 37.
- Change license in posix_logger.h to match other files.
- A build problem where uint32 was used instead of uint32_t.
Sync with upstream @24408625
- Fix bug in Get: when it triggers a compaction, it could sometimes
mark the compaction with the wrong level (if there was a gap
in the set of levels examined for the Get).
- Do not hold mutex while writing to the log file or to the
MANIFEST file.
Added a new benchmark that runs a writer thread concurrently with
reader threads.
Percentiles
------------------------------
micros/op: avg median 99 99.9 99.99 99.999 max
------------------------------------------------------
before: 42 38 110 225 32000 42000 48000
after: 24 20 55 65 130 1100 7000
- Fixed race in optimized Get. It should have been using the
pinned memtables, not the current memtables.
git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@50 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
- Fix for issue 33 (non-null-terminated result from
leveldb_property_value())
- Support for running multiple instances of a benchmark in parallel.
- Reduce lock contention on Get():
(1) Do not hold the lock while searching memtables.
(2) Shard block and table caches 16-ways.
Benchmark for evaluating this change:
$ db_bench --benchmarks=fillseq1,readrandom --threads=$n
(fillseq1 is a small hack to make sure fillseq runs once regardless
of number of threads specified on the command line).
git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@49 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
- Removed one copy of an uncompressed block contents changing
the signature of Snappy_Uncompress() so it uncompresses into a
flat array instead of a std::string.
Speeds up readrandom ~10%.
- Instead of a combination of Env/WritableFile, we now have a
Logger interface that can be easily overridden applications
that want to supply their own logging.
- Separated out the gcc and Sun Studio parts of atomic_pointer.h
so we can use 'asm', 'volatile' keywords for Sun Studio.
git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@39 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
- Implemented Get() directly instead of building on top of a full
merging iterator stack. This speeds up the "readrandom" benchmark
by up to 15-30%.
- Fixed an opensource compilation problem.
Added --db=<name> flag to control where the database is placed.
- Automatically compact a file when we have done enough
overlapping seeks to that file.
- Fixed a performance bug where we would read from at least one
file in a level even if none of the files overlapped the key
being read.
- Makefile fix for Mac OSX installations that have XCode 4 without XCode 3.
- Unified the two occurrences of binary search in a file-list
into one routine.
- Found and fixed a bug where we would unnecessarily search the
last file when looking for a key larger than all data in the
level.
- A fix to avoid the need for trivial move compactions and
therefore gets rid of two out of five syncs in "fillseq".
- Removed the MANIFEST file write when switching to a new
memtable/log-file for a 10-20% improvement on fill speed on ext4.
- Adding a SNAPPY setting in the Makefile for folks who have
Snappy installed. Snappy compresses values and speeds up writes.
git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@32 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
* Patch LevelDB to build for OSX and iOS
* Fix race condition in memtable iterator deletion.
* Other small fixes.
git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@29 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
* env_chromium.cc should not export symbols.
* Fix MSVC warnings.
* Removed large value support.
* Fix broken reference to documentation file
git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@24 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
Dhruba Borthakur