Summary:
Hello and thanks for RocksDB,
Here is a PR to add file deletes, renames and ```Flush()```, ```Sync()```, ```Fsync()``` and ```Close()``` to file ops report.
The reason is to help tune RocksDB options when using an env/filesystem with high latencies for file level ("metadata") operations, typically seen during ```DB::Open``` (```db_bench -num 0``` also see https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7203 where IOTracing does not trace ```DB::Open```).
Before:
```
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -num 0 -report_file_operations true
...
Entries: 0
...
Num files opened: 12
Num Read(): 6
Num Append(): 8
Num bytes read: 6216
Num bytes written: 6289
```
After:
```
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -num 0 -report_file_operations true
...
Entries: 0
...
Num files opened: 12
Num files deleted: 3
Num files renamed: 4
Num Flush(): 10
Num Sync(): 5
Num Fsync(): 1
Num Close(): 2
Num Read(): 6
Num Append(): 8
Num bytes read: 6216
Num bytes written: 6289
```
Before:
```
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -report_file_operations true
...
Entries: 1000000
...
Num files opened: 18
Num Read(): 396339
Num Append(): 1000058
Num bytes read: 892030224
Num bytes written: 187569238
```
After:
```
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -report_file_operations true
...
Entries: 1000000
...
Num files opened: 18
Num files deleted: 5
Num files renamed: 4
Num Flush(): 1000068
Num Sync(): 9
Num Fsync(): 1
Num Close(): 6
Num Read(): 396339
Num Append(): 1000058
Num bytes read: 892030224
Num bytes written: 187569238
```
Another example showing how using ```DB::OpenForReadOnly``` reduces file operations compared to ```((Optimistic)Transaction)DB::Open```:
```
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -num 1
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -num 0 -use_existing_db true -readonly true -report_file_operations true
...
Entries: 0
...
Num files opened: 8
Num files deleted: 0
Num files renamed: 0
Num Flush(): 0
Num Sync(): 0
Num Fsync(): 0
Num Close(): 0
Num Read(): 13
Num Append(): 0
Num bytes read: 374
Num bytes written: 0
```
```
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -num 1
> db_bench -benchmarks updaterandom -num 0 -use_existing_db true -report_file_operations true
...
Entries: 0
...
Num files opened: 14
Num files deleted: 3
Num files renamed: 4
Num Flush(): 14
Num Sync(): 5
Num Fsync(): 1
Num Close(): 3
Num Read(): 11
Num Append(): 10
Num bytes read: 7291
Num bytes written: 7357
```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8448
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D29333818
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: a06a8c87f799806462319115195b3e94faf5f542
Summary:
Add an argument to ldb to dump live file names, column families, and levels, `list_live_files_metadata`. The output shows all active SST file names, sorted first by column family and then by level. For each level the SST files are sorted alphabetically.
Typically, the output looks like this:
```
./ldb --db=/tmp/test_db list_live_files_metadata
Live SST Files:
===== Column Family: default =====
---------- level 0 ----------
/tmp/test_db/000069.sst
---------- level 1 ----------
/tmp/test_db/000064.sst
/tmp/test_db/000065.sst
/tmp/test_db/000066.sst
/tmp/test_db/000071.sst
---------- level 2 ----------
/tmp/test_db/000038.sst
/tmp/test_db/000039.sst
/tmp/test_db/000052.sst
/tmp/test_db/000067.sst
/tmp/test_db/000070.sst
------------------------------
```
Second, a flag was added `--sort_by_filename`, to change the layout of the output. When this flag is added to the command, the output shows all active SST files sorted by name, in front of which the LSM level and the column family are mentioned. With the same example, the following command would return:
```
./ldb --db=/tmp/test_db list_live_files_metadata --sort_by_filename
Live SST Files:
/tmp/test_db/000038.sst : level 2, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000039.sst : level 2, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000052.sst : level 2, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000064.sst : level 1, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000065.sst : level 1, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000066.sst : level 1, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000067.sst : level 2, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000069.sst : level 0, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000070.sst : level 2, column family 'default'
/tmp/test_db/000071.sst : level 1, column family 'default'
------------------------------
```
Thus, the user can either request to show the files by levels, or sorted by filenames.
This PR includes a simple Python unit test that makes sure the file name and level printed out by this new feature matches the one found with an existing feature, `dump_live_file`.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8446
Reviewed By: akankshamahajan15
Differential Revision: D29320080
Pulled By: bjlemaire
fbshipit-source-id: 01fb7b5637c59010d74c80730a28d815994e7009
Summary:
At the moment, the following command : "`./ --db=mypath/ dump_file_files`" returns a series of erronous names with double slashes, ie: "`mypath//000xxx.sst`", including manifest file names with double slashes "`mypath//MANIFEST-00XXX`", whereas "`./ --db=mypath dump_file_files`" correctly returns "`mypath/000xxx.sst`" and "`mypath/MANIFEST-00XXX`".
This (very short) PR simply checks if there is a need to add or remove any '`/`' character when the `db_path` and `manifest_filename`/sst `filenames` are concatenated.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8439
Reviewed By: akankshamahajan15
Differential Revision: D29301349
Pulled By: bjlemaire
fbshipit-source-id: 3e9e58f9749d278b654ae838fcee13ad698705a8
Summary:
Tracing the MultiGet information including timestamp, keys, and CF_IDs to the trace file for analyzing and replay.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8421
Test Plan: make check, add test to trace_analyzer_test
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D29221195
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: 30c677d6c39ab31ef4bbdf7e0d1fa1fd79f295ff
Summary:
This PR prepopulates warm/hot data blocks which are already in memory
into block cache at the time of flush. On a flush, the data block that is
in memory (in memtables) get flushed to the device. If using Direct IO,
additional IO is incurred to read this data back into memory again, which
is avoided by enabling newly added option.
Right now, this is enabled only for flush for data blocks. We plan to
expand this option to cover compactions in the future and for other types
of blocks.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8242
Test Plan: Add new unit test
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D28521703
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: 7219d6958821cedce689a219c3963a6f1a9d5f05
Summary:
Marked the Ribbon filter and optimize_filters_for_memory features
as production-ready, each enabling memory savings for Bloom-like filters.
Use `NewRibbonFilterPolicy` in place of `NewBloomFilterPolicy` to use
Ribbon filters instead of Bloom, or `ribbonfilter` in place of
`bloomfilter` in configuration string.
Some small refactoring in db_stress.
Removed/refactored unused code in db_bench, in part preparing for future
default possibly being different from "disabled."
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8408
Test Plan:
Lots of prior automated, ad-hoc, and "real world" testing.
Updated tests for new API names. Quick db_bench test:
bloom fillrandom
77730 ops/sec
rocksdb.block.cache.filter.bytes.insert COUNT : 89929384
ribbon fillrandom
71492 ops/sec
rocksdb.block.cache.filter.bytes.insert COUNT : 64531384
Reviewed By: mrambacher
Differential Revision: D29140805
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: d742c922722421678f95ad85eeb0aaebc9f5e49a
Summary:
- Added CreateFromString method to Env and FilesSystem to replace LoadEnv/Load. This method/signature is a precursor to making these classes extend Customizable.
- Added CreateFromSystem to Env. This method standardizes creating an Env from the environment variables. Previously, some places would check TEST_ENV_URI and others would also check TEST_FS_URI. Now the code is more command/standardized.
- Added CreateFromFlags to Env. These method allows Env to be create from string options (such as GFLAGS options) in a more standard way.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8174
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D28999603
Pulled By: mrambacher
fbshipit-source-id: 88e6911e7e91f908458a7fe10a20e93ecbc275fb
Summary:
Changed fprintf function to fputc in ApplyVersionEdit, and replaced null characters with whitespaces.
Added unit test in ldb_test.py - verifies that manifest_dump --verbose output is correct when keys and values containing null characters are inserted.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8378
Reviewed By: pdillinger
Differential Revision: D29034584
Pulled By: bjlemaire
fbshipit-source-id: 50833687a8a5f726e247c38457eadc3e6dbab862
Summary:
Currently, we either use the file system inode or a monotonically incrementing runtime ID as the block cache key prefix. However, if we use a monotonically incrementing runtime ID (in the case that the file system does not support inode id generation), in some cases, it cannot ensure uniqueness (e.g., we have secondary cache migrated from host to host). We use DbSessionID (20 bytes) + current file number (at most 10 bytes) as the new cache block key prefix when the secondary cache is enabled. So can accommodate scenarios such as transfer of cache state across hosts.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8360
Test Plan: add the test to lru_cache_test
Reviewed By: pdillinger
Differential Revision: D29006215
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: 6cff686b38d83904667a2bd39923cd030df16814
Summary:
- Fix cmake build failure with gflags.
- Add CI tests for both gflags 2.1 and 2.2.
- Fix ctest config with gtest.
- Add CI to run test with ctest.
One benefit of ctest is it support timeout, it's set to 5min in our CI, so we will know which test is hang.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8324
Test Plan: CI pass
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D28762517
Pulled By: jay-zhuang
fbshipit-source-id: 09063c5af5f9f33abfcdeb48593acbd9826cd199
Summary:
Whitebox crash test can run significantly over the time limit for test slowness or no kiling points. This indefinite job can create problem when this test is periodically scheduled as a job. Instead, kill the job if it is 15 minutes over the limit.
Refactor the code slightly to consolidate the code for executing commands for white and black box tests.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8341
Test Plan: Run both of black and white box tests with both of natual and explicit kill condition.
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D28756170
fbshipit-source-id: f253149890e62ace78f871be927e093e9b12f49b
Summary:
This change gathers and publishes statistics about the
kinds of items in block cache. This is especially important for
profiling relative usage of cache by index vs. filter vs. data blocks.
It works by iterating over the cache during periodic stats dump
(InternalStats, stats_dump_period_sec) or on demand when
DB::Get(Map)Property(kBlockCacheEntryStats), except that for
efficiency and sharing among column families, saved data from
the last scan is used when the data is not considered too old.
The new information can be seen in info LOG, for example:
Block cache LRUCache@0x7fca62229330 capacity: 95.37 MB collections: 8 last_copies: 0 last_secs: 0.00178 secs_since: 0
Block cache entry stats(count,size,portion): DataBlock(7092,28.24 MB,29.6136%) FilterBlock(215,867.90 KB,0.888728%) FilterMetaBlock(2,5.31 KB,0.00544%) IndexBlock(217,180.11 KB,0.184432%) WriteBuffer(1,256.00 KB,0.262144%) Misc(1,0.00 KB,0%)
And also through DB::GetProperty and GetMapProperty (here using
ldb just for demonstration):
$ ./ldb --db=/dev/shm/dbbench/ get_property rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.data-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.deprecated-filter-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.filter-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.filter-meta-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.index-block: 178992
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.misc: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.other-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.bytes.write-buffer: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.capacity: 8388608
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.data-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.deprecated-filter-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.filter-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.filter-meta-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.index-block: 215
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.misc: 1
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.other-block: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.count.write-buffer: 0
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.id: LRUCache@0x7f3636661290
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.data-block: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.deprecated-filter-block: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.filter-block: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.filter-meta-block: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.index-block: 2.133751
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.misc: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.other-block: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.percent.write-buffer: 0.000000
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.secs_for_last_collection: 0.000052
rocksdb.block-cache-entry-stats.secs_since_last_collection: 0
Solution detail - We need some way to flag what kind of blocks each
entry belongs to, preferably without changing the Cache API.
One of the complications is that Cache is a general interface that could
have other users that don't adhere to whichever convention we decide
on for keys and values. Or we would pay for an extra field in the Handle
that would only be used for this purpose.
This change uses a back-door approach, the deleter, to indicate the
"role" of a Cache entry (in addition to the value type, implicitly).
This has the added benefit of ensuring proper code origin whenever we
recognize a particular role for a cache entry; if the entry came from
some other part of the code, it will use an unrecognized deleter, which
we simply attribute to the "Misc" role.
An internal API makes for simple instantiation and automatic
registration of Cache deleters for a given value type and "role".
Another internal API, CacheEntryStatsCollector, solves the problem of
caching the results of a scan and sharing them, to ensure scans are
neither excessive nor redundant so as not to harm Cache performance.
Because code is added to BlocklikeTraits, it is pulled out of
block_based_table_reader.cc into its own file.
This is a reformulation of https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/8276, without the type checking option
(could still be added), and with actual stat gathering.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8297
Test Plan: manual testing with db_bench, and a couple of basic unit tests
Reviewed By: ltamasi
Differential Revision: D28488721
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 472f524a9691b5afb107934be2d41d84f2b129fb
Summary:
This PR adds a ```-secondary_cache_uri``` option to the cache_bench and db_bench tools to allow the user to specify a custom secondary cache URI. The object registry is used to create an instance of the ```SecondaryCache``` object of the type specified in the URI.
The main cache_bench code is packaged into a separate library, similar to db_bench.
An example invocation of db_bench with a secondary cache URI -
```db_bench --env_uri=ws://ws.flash_sandbox.vll1_2/ -db=anand/nvm_cache_2 -use_existing_db=true -benchmarks=readrandom -num=30000000 -key_size=32 -value_size=256 -use_direct_reads=true -cache_size=67108864 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=true -secondary_cache_uri='cachelibwrapper://filename=/home/anand76/nvm_cache/cache_file;size=2147483648;regionSize=16777216;admPolicy=random;admProbability=1.0;volatileSize=8388608;bktPower=20;lockPower=12' -partition_index_and_filters=true -duration=1800```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8312
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D28544325
Pulled By: anand1976
fbshipit-source-id: 8f209b9af900c459dc42daa7a610d5f00176eeed
Summary:
This patch does two things:
1) Introduces some aliases in order to eliminate/prevent long-winded type names
w/r/t the internal table property collectors (see e.g.
`std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>`).
2) Makes it possible to apply only a subrange of table property collectors during
table building by turning `TableBuilderOptions::int_tbl_prop_collector_factories`
from a pointer to a `vector` into a range (i.e. a pair of iterators).
Rationale: I plan to introduce a BlobDB related table property collector, which
should only be applied during table creation if blob storage is enabled at the moment
(which can be changed dynamically). This change will make it possible to include/
exclude the BlobDB related collector as needed without having to introduce
a second `vector` of collectors in `ColumnFamilyData` with pretty much the same
contents.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8298
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D28430910
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: a81d28f2c59495865300f43deb2257d2e6977c8e
Summary:
As a part of tiered storage, writing tempeature information to manifest is needed so that after DB recovery, RocksDB still has the tiering information, to implement some further necessary functionalities.
Also fix some issues in simulated hybrid FS.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8284
Test Plan: Add a new unit test to validate that the information is indeed written and read back.
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D28335801
fbshipit-source-id: 56aeb2e6ea090be0200181dd968c8a7278037def
Summary:
In https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/8268, the `db_stress` stdout began containing both the strings
"fail" and "error" (case-insensitive). The whitebox crash test
failed upon seeing either of those strings.
I checked that all other occurrences of "fail" and "error"
(case-insensitive) that `db_stress` produces are printed to `stderr`. So
this PR separates the handling of `db_stress`'s stdout and stderr, and
only fails when one those bad strings are found in stderr.
The downside of this PR is `db_stress`'s original interleaving of stdout/stderr is not preserved in `db_crashtest.py`'s output.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8272
Test Plan:
run it; see it succeeds for several runs until encountering a real error
```
$ python3 tools/db_crashtest.py whitebox --simple --random_kill_odd=8887 --max_key=1000000 --value_size_mult=33
...
db_stress: cache/clock_cache.cc:483: bool rocksdb::{anonymous}::ClockCacheShard::Unref(rocksdb::{anonymous}::CacheHandle*, bool, rocksdb::{anonymous}::CleanupContext*): Assertion `CountRefs(flags) > 0' failed.
TEST FAILED. Output has 'fail'!!!
```
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D28239233
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 3b8602a0d570466a7e2c81bb9c49468f7716091e
Summary:
The ImmutableCFOptions contained a bunch of fields that belonged to the ImmutableDBOptions. This change cleans that up by introducing an ImmutableOptions struct. Following the pattern of Options struct, this class inherits from the DB and CFOption structs (of the Immutable form).
Only one structural change (the ImmutableCFOptions::fs was changed to a shared_ptr from a raw one) is in this PR. All of the other changes involve moving the member variables from the ImmutableCFOptions into the ImmutableOptions and changing member variables or function parameters as required for compilation purposes.
Follow-on PRs may do a further clean-up of the code, such as renaming variables (such as "ImmutableOptions cf_options") and potentially eliminating un-needed function parameters (there is no longer a need to pass both an ImmutableDBOptions and an ImmutableOptions to a function).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8262
Reviewed By: pdillinger
Differential Revision: D28226540
Pulled By: mrambacher
fbshipit-source-id: 18ae71eadc879dedbe38b1eb8e6f9ff5c7147dbf
Summary:
In testing for https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/8225 I found cache_bench would crash with
-use_clock_cache, as well as db_bench -use_clock_cache, but not
single-threaded. Smaller cache size hits failure much faster. ASAN
reported the failuer as calling malloc_usable_size on the `key` pointer
of a ClockCache handle after it was reportedly freed. On detailed
inspection I found this bad sequence of operations for a cache entry:
state=InCache=1,refs=1
[thread 1] Start ClockCacheShard::Unref (from Release, no mutex)
[thread 1] Decrement ref count
state=InCache=1,refs=0
[thread 1] Suspend before CalcTotalCharge (no mutex)
[thread 2] Start UnsetInCache (from Insert, mutex held)
[thread 2] clear InCache bit
state=InCache=0,refs=0
[thread 2] Calls RecycleHandle (based on pre-updated state)
[thread 2] Returns to Insert which calls Cleanup which deletes `key`
[thread 1] Resume ClockCacheShard::Unref
[thread 1] Read `key` in CalcTotalCharge
To fix this, I've added a field to the handle to store the metadata
charge so that we can efficiently remember everything we need from
the handle in Unref. We must not read from the handle again if we
decrement the count to zero with InCache=1, which means we don't own
the entry and someone else could eject/overwrite it immediately.
Note before this change, on amd64 sizeof(Handle) == 56 even though there
are only 48 bytes of data. Grouping together the uint32_t fields would
cut it down to 48, but I've added another uint32_t, which takes it
back up to 56. Not a big deal.
Also fixed DisownData to cooperate with ASAN as in LRUCache.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8261
Test Plan:
Manual + adding use_clock_cache to db_crashtest.py
Base performance
./cache_bench -use_clock_cache
Complete in 17.060 s; QPS = 2458513
New performance
./cache_bench -use_clock_cache
Complete in 17.052 s; QPS = 2459695
Any difference is easily buried in small noise.
Crash test shows still more bug(s) in ClockCache, so I'm expecting to
disable ClockCache from production code in a follow-up PR (if we
can't find and fix the bug(s))
Reviewed By: mrambacher
Differential Revision: D28207358
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: aa7a9322afc6f18f30e462c75dbbe4a1206eb294
Summary:
As the first part of the effort of having placing different files on different storage types, this change introduces several things:
(1) An experimental interface in FileSystem that specify temperature to a new file created.
(2) A test FileSystemWrapper, SimulatedHybridFileSystem, that simulates HDD for a file of "warm" temperature.
(3) A simple experimental feature ColumnFamilyOptions.bottommost_temperature. RocksDB would pass this value to FileSystem when creating any bottommost file.
(4) A db_bench parameter that applies the (2) and (3) to db_bench.
The motivation of the change is to introduce minimal changes that allow us to evolve tiered storage development.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8222
Test Plan:
./db_bench --benchmarks=fillrandom --write_buffer_size=2000000 -max_bytes_for_level_base=20000000 -level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes --reads=100 -compaction_readahead_size=20000000 --reads=100000 -num=10000000
followed by
./db_bench --benchmarks=readrandom,stats --write_buffer_size=2000000 -max_bytes_for_level_base=20000000 -simulate_hybrid_fs_file=/tmp/warm_file_list -level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes -compaction_readahead_size=20000000 --reads=500 --threads=16 -use_existing_db --num=10000000
and see results as expected.
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D28003028
fbshipit-source-id: 4724896d5205730227ba2f17c3fecb11261744ce
Summary:
Add `num_levels`, `is_bottommost`, and table file creation
`reason` to `FilterBuildingContext`, in anticipation of more powerful
Bloom-like filter support.
To support this, added `is_bottommost` and `reason` to
`TableBuilderOptions`, which allowed removing `reason` parameter from
`rocksdb::BuildTable`.
I attempted to remove `skip_filters` from `TableBuilderOptions`, because
filter construction decisions should arise from options, not one-off
parameters. I could not completely remove it because the public API for
SstFileWriter takes a `skip_filters` parameter, and translating this
into an option change would mean awkwardly replacing the table_factory
if it is BlockBasedTableFactory with new filter_policy=nullptr option.
I marked this public skip_filters option as deprecated because of this
oddity. (skip_filters on the read side probably makes sense.)
At least `skip_filters` is now largely hidden for users of
`TableBuilderOptions` and is no longer used for implementing the
optimize_filters_for_hits option. Bringing the logic for that option
closer to handling of FilterBuildingContext makes it more obvious that
hese two are using the same notion of "bottommost." (Planned:
configuration options for Bloom-like filters that generalize
`optimize_filters_for_hits`)
Recommended follow-up: Try to get away from "bottommost level" naming of
things, which is inaccurate (see
VersionStorageInfo::RangeMightExistAfterSortedRun), and move to
"bottommost run" or just "bottommost."
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8246
Test Plan:
extended an existing unit test to exercise and check various
filter building contexts. Also, existing tests for
optimize_filters_for_hits validate some of the "bottommost" handling,
which is now closely connected to FilterBuildingContext::is_bottommost
through TableBuilderOptions::is_bottommost
Reviewed By: mrambacher
Differential Revision: D28099346
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 2c1072e29c24d4ac404c761a7b7663292372600a
Summary:
Greatly reduced the not-quite-copy-paste giant parameter lists
of rocksdb::NewTableBuilder, rocksdb::BuildTable,
BlockBasedTableBuilder::Rep ctor, and BlockBasedTableBuilder ctor.
Moved weird separate parameter `uint32_t column_family_id` of
TableFactory::NewTableBuilder into TableBuilderOptions.
Re-ordered parameters to TableBuilderOptions ctor, so that `uint64_t
target_file_size` is not randomly placed between uint64_t timestamps
(was easy to mix up).
Replaced a couple of fields of BlockBasedTableBuilder::Rep with a
FilterBuildingContext. The motivation for this change is making it
easier to pass along more data into new fields in FilterBuildingContext
(follow-up PR).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8240
Test Plan: ASAN make check
Reviewed By: mrambacher
Differential Revision: D28075891
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: fddb3dbb8260a0e8bdcbb51b877ebabf9a690d4f
Summary:
DB Stress to add --open_metadata_write_fault_one_in which would randomly fail in some file metadata modification operations during DB Open, including file creation, close, renaming and directory sync. Some operations can fail before and after the operations take place.
If DB open fails, db_stress would retry without the failure ingestion, and DB is expected to open successfully.
This option is enabled in crash test in half of the time.
Some follow up changes would allow write failures in open time, and ingesting those failures in non-DB open cases.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8235
Test Plan: Run stress tests for a while and see failures got triggered. This can reproduce the bug fixed by https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8192 and a similar one that fails when fsyncing parent directory.
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D28010944
fbshipit-source-id: 36a96da4dc3633e5f7680cef3ea0a900fcdb5558
Summary:
Add 6.18, 6.19 and 6.20 to check_format_compatible.sh
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8236
Test Plan: ./tools/check_format_compatible.sh (tested without 2.7.fb as it was failing as mentioned in the script)
Reviewed By: mrambacher
Differential Revision: D28019160
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: b59a7c5c14cb4c115926e9ae7c74ea586b22c9ed
Summary:
This partially reverts commit 10196d7edc.
The problem with this change is because of important filter use cases:
FIFO compaction and SST writer. FIFO "compaction" always uses level 0 so
would only use Ribbon filters if specifically including level 0 for the
Ribbon filter policy. SST writer sets level_at_creation=-1 to indicate
unknown level, and this would be treated the same as level 0 unless
fixed.
We are keeping the part about committing to permanent schema, which is
only changes to API comments and HISTORY.md.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8212
Test Plan: CI
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D27896468
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 50a775f7cba5d64fb729d9b982e355864020596e
Summary:
Since the Ribbon filter schema seems good (compatible back to
6.15.0), this change commits to long term support of the SST schema,
even though we expect the API for enabling Ribbon to change (still
called NewExperimentalRibbonFilterPolicy).
This also adds support for "hybrid" configuration in which some levels
use Bloom (higher levels, lower numbered) for speed and the rest use
Ribbon (lower levels, higher numbered) for memory space efficiency.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8198
Test Plan: unit test added, crash test support
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D27831232
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 90e528677689474d293ed6710b42ba89fbd5b5ab
Summary:
Extend the DB::GetLiveFilesChecksumInfo API to blob files.
This API is also used by the file_checksum_dump ldb command to dump checksum
of SST files which now also dumps blob files checksum.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8179
Test Plan: Add new unit test
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D27714965
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: d8b7343ea845a64c83800336d88cced7152a8c92
Summary:
Enable backup/restore functionality with Integrated BlobDB in
db_stress and crash test.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8165
Test Plan:
Ran python3 -u tools/db_crashtest.py --simple whitebox along
with :
1. decreased "backup_in_one" value for backups to be more frequent and
2. manually changed code for "enable_blob_file" to be always true and
apply blobdb params 100% for testing purpose.
Reviewed By: ltamasi
Differential Revision: D27636025
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: 0d0e0d1479ced163f992872dc998e79c581bfc99
Summary:
According to https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5907, each filter partition "should include the bloom of the prefix of the last
key in the previous partition" so that SeekForPrev() in prefix mode can return correct result.
The prefix of the last key in the previous partition does not necessarily have the same prefix
as the first key in the current partition. Regardless of the first key in current partition, the
prefix of the last key in the previous partition should be added. The existing code, however,
does not follow this. Furthermore, there is another issue: when finishing current filter partition,
`FullFilterBlockBuilder::AddPrefix()` is called for the first key in next filter partition, which effectively
overwrites `last_prefix_str_` prematurely. Consequently, when the filter block builder proceeds
to the next partition, `last_prefix_str_` will be the prefix of its first key, leaving no way of adding
the bloom of the prefix of the last key of the previous partition.
Prefix extractor is FixedLength.2.
```
[ filter part 1 ] [ filter part 2 ]
abc d
```
When SeekForPrev("abcd"), checking the filter partition will land on filter part 2 because "abcd" > "abc"
but smaller than "d".
If the filter in filter part 2 happens to return false for the test for "ab", then SeekForPrev("abcd") will build
incorrect iterator tree in non-total-order mode.
Also fix a unit test which starts to fail following this PR. `InDomain` should not fail due to assertion
error when checking on an arbitrary key.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8137
Test Plan:
```
make check
```
Without this fix, the following command will fail pretty soon.
```
./db_stress --acquire_snapshot_one_in=10000 --avoid_flush_during_recovery=0 \
--avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io=0 --backup_max_size=104857600 --backup_one_in=0 \
--batch_protection_bytes_per_key=0 --block_size=16384 --bloom_bits=17 \
--bottommost_compression_type=disable --cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 --cache_size=1048576 \
--checkpoint_one_in=0 --checksum_type=kxxHash64 --clear_column_family_one_in=0 \
--compact_files_one_in=1000000 --compact_range_one_in=1000000 --compaction_ttl=0 \
--compression_max_dict_buffer_bytes=0 --compression_max_dict_bytes=0 \
--compression_parallel_threads=1 --compression_type=zstd --compression_zstd_max_train_bytes=0 \
--continuous_verification_interval=0 --db=/dev/shm/rocksdb/rocksdb_crashtest_whitebox \
--db_write_buffer_size=8388608 --delpercent=5 --delrangepercent=0 --destroy_db_initially=0 --enable_blob_files=0 \
--enable_compaction_filter=0 --enable_pipelined_write=1 --file_checksum_impl=big --flush_one_in=1000000 \
--format_version=5 --get_current_wal_file_one_in=0 --get_live_files_one_in=1000000 --get_property_one_in=1000000 \
--get_sorted_wal_files_one_in=0 --index_block_restart_interval=4 --index_type=2 --ingest_external_file_one_in=0 \
--iterpercent=10 --key_len_percent_dist=1,30,69 --level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=True \
--log2_keys_per_lock=10 --long_running_snapshots=1 --mark_for_compaction_one_file_in=0 \
--max_background_compactions=20 --max_bytes_for_level_base=10485760 --max_key=100000000 --max_key_len=3 \
--max_manifest_file_size=1073741824 --max_write_batch_group_size_bytes=16777216 --max_write_buffer_number=3 \
--max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain=8388608 --memtablerep=skip_list --mmap_read=1 --mock_direct_io=False \
--nooverwritepercent=0 --open_files=500000 --ops_per_thread=20000000 --optimize_filters_for_memory=0 --paranoid_file_checks=1 --partition_filters=1 --partition_pinning=0 --pause_background_one_in=1000000 \
--periodic_compaction_seconds=0 --prefixpercent=5 --progress_reports=0 --read_fault_one_in=0 --read_only=0 \
--readpercent=45 --recycle_log_file_num=0 --reopen=20 --secondary_catch_up_one_in=0 \
--snapshot_hold_ops=100000 --sst_file_manager_bytes_per_sec=104857600 \
--sst_file_manager_bytes_per_truncate=0 --subcompactions=2 --sync=0 --sync_fault_injection=False \
--target_file_size_base=2097152 --target_file_size_multiplier=2 --test_batches_snapshots=0 --test_cf_consistency=0 \
--top_level_index_pinning=0 --unpartitioned_pinning=1 --use_blob_db=0 --use_block_based_filter=0 \
--use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction=0 --use_direct_reads=0 --use_full_merge_v1=0 --use_merge=0 \
--use_multiget=0 --use_ribbon_filter=0 --use_txn=0 --user_timestamp_size=8 --verify_checksum=1 \
--verify_checksum_one_in=1000000 --verify_db_one_in=100000 --write_buffer_size=4194304 \
--write_dbid_to_manifest=1 --writepercent=35
```
Reviewed By: pdillinger
Differential Revision: D27553054
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: 60e391e4a2d8d98a9a3172ec5d6176b90ec3de98
Summary:
Fixes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/6548.
If we do not reset the pinnable slice before calling get, we will see the following assertion failure
while running the test with multiple column families.
```
db_bench: ./include/rocksdb/slice.h:168: void rocksdb::PinnableSlice::PinSlice(const rocksdb::Slice&, rocksdb::Cleanable*): Assertion `!pinned_' failed.
```
This happens in `BlockBasedTable::Get()`.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8154
Test Plan:
./db_bench --benchmarks=fillseq -num_column_families=3
./db_bench --benchmarks=readrandom -use_existing_db=1 -num_column_families=3
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D27587589
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: 7379e7649ba40f046d6a4014c9ad629cb3f9a786
Summary:
Add request_id in IODebugContext which will be populated by
underlying FileSystem for IOTracing purposes. Update IOTracer to trace
request_id in the tracing records. Provided API
IODebugContext::SetRequestId which will set the request_id and enable
tracing for request_id. The API hides the implementation and underlying
file system needs to call this API directly.
Update DB::StartIOTrace API and remove redundant Env* from the
argument as its not used and DB already has Env that is passed down to
IOTracer.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8045
Test Plan: Update unit test.
Differential Revision: D26899871
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: 56adef52ee5af0fb3060b607c3af1ec01635fa2b
Summary:
The check in db_bench for table_cache_numshardbits was 0 < bits <= 20, whereas the check in LRUCache was 0 < bits < 20. Changed the two values to match to avoid a crash in db_bench on a null cache.
Fixes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/7393
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8110
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D27353522
Pulled By: mrambacher
fbshipit-source-id: a414bd23b5bde1f071146b34cfca5e35c02de869
Summary:
Currently, partitioned filter does not support user-defined timestamp. Disable it for now in ts stress test so that
the contrun jobs can proceed.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8127
Test Plan: make crash_test_with_ts
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D27388488
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: 5ccff18121cb537bd82f2ac072cd25efb625c666
Summary:
Previously it only applied to block-based tables generated by flush. This restriction
was undocumented and blocked a new use case. Now compression sampling
applies to all block-based tables we generate when it is enabled.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8105
Test Plan: new unit test
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D27317275
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: cd9fcc5178d6515e8cb59c6facb5ac01893cb5b0
Summary:
Fix the following error while running `make crash_test`
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "tools/db_crashtest.py", line 705, in <module>
main()
File "tools/db_crashtest.py", line 696, in main
blackbox_crash_main(args, unknown_args)
File "tools/db_crashtest.py", line 479, in blackbox_crash_main
+ list({'db': dbname}.items())), unknown_args)
File "tools/db_crashtest.py", line 414, in gen_cmd
finalzied_params = finalize_and_sanitize(params)
File "tools/db_crashtest.py", line 331, in finalize_and_sanitize
dest_params.get("user_timestamp_size") > 0):
TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'NoneType' and 'int'
```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8091
Test Plan: make crash_test
Reviewed By: ltamasi
Differential Revision: D27268276
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: ed2873b9587ecc51e24abc35ef2bd3d91fb1ed1b
Summary:
Add some basic test for user-defined timestamp to db_stress. Currently,
read with timestamp always tries to read using the current timestamp.
Due to the per-key timestamp-sequence ordering constraint, we only add timestamp-
related tests to the `NonBatchedOpsStressTest` since this test serializes accesses
to the same key and uses a file to cross-check data correctness.
The timestamp feature is not supported in a number of components, e.g. Merge, SingleDelete,
DeleteRange, CompactionFilter, Readonly instance, secondary instance, SST file ingestion, transaction,
etc. Therefore, db_stress should exit if user enables both timestamp and these features at the same
time. The (currently) incompatible features can be found in
`CheckAndSetOptionsForUserTimestamp`.
This PR also fixes a bug triggered when timestamp is enabled together with
`index_type=kBinarySearchWithFirstKey`. This bug fix will also be in another separate PR
with more unit tests coverage. Fixing it here because I do not want to exclude the index type
from crash test.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8061
Test Plan: make crash_test_with_ts
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D27056282
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: c3e00ad1023fdb9ebbdf9601ec18270c5e2925a9
Summary:
Since our stress/crash tests by default generate values of size 8, 16, or 24,
it does not make much sense to set `min_blob_size` to 256. The patch
updates the set of potential `min_blob_size` values in the crash test
script and in `db_stress` where it might be set dynamically using
`SetOptions`.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8085
Test Plan: Ran `make check` and tried the crash test script.
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D27238620
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: 4a96f9944b1ed9220d3045c5ab0b34c49009aeee
Summary:
Add the new Append and PositionedAppend API to env WritableFile. User is able to benefit from the write checksum handoff API when using the legacy Env classes. FileSystem already implemented the checksum handoff API.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8071
Test Plan: make check, added new unit test.
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D27177043
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: 430c8331fc81099fa6d00f4fff703b68b9e8080e
Summary:
Currently, a few ldb commands do not check the execution result of
database operations. This PR checks the execution results and tries to
improve the error reporting.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8072
Test Plan:
```
make check
```
and
```
ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED=1 make -j20 ldb
python tools/ldb_test.py
```
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D27152466
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: b94220496a4b3591b61c1d350f665860a6579f30
Summary:
The new options are:
* compact0 - compact L0 into L1 using one thread
* compact1 - compact L1 into L2 using one thread
* flush - flush memtable
* waitforcompaction - wait for compaction to finish
These are useful for reproducible benchmarks to help get the LSM tree shape
into a deterministic state. I wrote about this at:
http://smalldatum.blogspot.com/2021/02/read-only-benchmarks-with-lsm-are.html
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8027
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D27053861
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 1646f35584a3db03740fbeb47d91c3f00fb35d6e
Summary:
For performance purposes, the lower level routines were changed to use a SystemClock* instead of a std::shared_ptr<SystemClock>. The shared ptr has some performance degradation on certain hardware classes.
For most of the system, there is no risk of the pointer being deleted/invalid because the shared_ptr will be stored elsewhere. For example, the ImmutableDBOptions stores the Env which has a std::shared_ptr<SystemClock> in it. The SystemClock* within the ImmutableDBOptions is essentially a "short cut" to gain access to this constant resource.
There were a few classes (PeriodicWorkScheduler?) where the "short cut" property did not hold. In those cases, the shared pointer was preserved.
Using db_bench readrandom perf_level=3 on my EC2 box, this change performed as well or better than 6.17:
6.17: readrandom : 28.046 micros/op 854902 ops/sec; 61.3 MB/s (355999 of 355999 found)
6.18: readrandom : 32.615 micros/op 735306 ops/sec; 52.7 MB/s (290999 of 290999 found)
PR: readrandom : 27.500 micros/op 871909 ops/sec; 62.5 MB/s (367999 of 367999 found)
(Note that the times for 6.18 are prior to revert of the SystemClock).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8033
Reviewed By: pdillinger
Differential Revision: D27014563
Pulled By: mrambacher
fbshipit-source-id: ad0459eba03182e454391b5926bf5cdd45657b67
Summary:
This PR adds support for custom file systems to ldb and sst_dump by adding command line options for specifying --fs_uri and --backup_fs uri (for ldb backup/restore commands). fs_uri is already supported in db_bench and db_stress, and there is already support in ldb and db stress for specifying customized envs.
The PR also fixes what looks like a bug in the ldb backup/restore commands. As it is right now, backups can only be made from and to the same environment/file system which does not seem to be the intended behavior. This PR makes it possible to do/restore backups between different envs/file systems.
Example:
`./ldb backup --fs_uri=zenfs://dev:nvme2n1 --backup_fs_uri=posix:// --backup_dir=/tmp/my_rocksdb_backup --db=rocksdbtest/dbbench
`
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8010
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D26904654
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 9b695ed8b944fcc6b27c4daaa9f52e87ee2c1fb4
Summary:
Removed confusing, awkward, and undocumented internal API
ReadOneLine and replaced with very simple LineFileReader.
In refactoring backupable_db.cc, this has the side benefit of
removing the arbitrary cap on the size of backup metadata files.
Also added Status::MustCheck to make it easy to mark a Status as
"must check." Using this, I can ensure that after
LineFileReader::ReadLine returns false the caller checks GetStatus().
Also removed some excessive conditional compilation in status.h
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8026
Test Plan: added unit test, and running tests with ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED
Reviewed By: mrambacher
Differential Revision: D26831687
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: ef749c265a7a26bb13cd44f6f0f97db2955f6f0f
Summary:
Haven't seen any production issues with new Bloom filter and
it's now > 1 year old (added in 6.6.0).
Updated check_format_compatible.sh and HISTORY.md
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8017
Test Plan: tests updated (or prior bugs fixed)
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D26762197
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 0e755c46b443087c1544da0fd545beb9c403d1c2
Summary:
* Adds backup/restore forward/backward compatibility testing
* Adds forward/backward compatibility testing to sst ingestion
* More structure sharing and comments for the lists of branches
comprising each group
* Less reliant on invariants between groups with de-duplication logic
* Restructured for n+1 branch checkout+build steps rather than something
like 3n. Should be much faster despite more checks.
And to make manual runs easier
* On success, restores working trees to original working branch (aborts
early if uncommitted changes) and deletes temporary branch & remote
* Adds SHORT_TEST=1 mode that uses only the oldest version for each
* Adds USE_SSH=1 to use ssh instead of https for github
group
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8012
Test Plan:
a number of manual tests, mostly with SHORT_TEST=1. Using one
version older for any of the groups (except I didn't check
db_backward_only_refs) fails. Changing default format_version to 5
(planned) without updating this script fails as it should, and passes
with appropriate update. Full local run passed (had to remove "2.7.fb.branch"
due to compiler issues, also before this change).
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D26735840
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 1320c22de5674760657e385aa42df9fade8b6fff
Summary:
Fixed 5 test case failures found on Windows 10/Windows Server 2016
1. In `flush_job_test`, the DestroyDir function fails in deconstructor because some file handles are still being held by VersionSet. This happens on Windows Server 2016, so need to manually reset versions_ pointer to release all file handles.
2. In `StatsHistoryTest.InMemoryStatsHistoryPurging` test, the capping memory cost of stats_history_size on Windows becomes 14000 bytes with latest changes, not just 13000 bytes.
3. In `SSTDumpToolTest.RawOutput` test, the output file handle is not closed at the end.
4. In `FullBloomTest.OptimizeForMemory` test, ROCKSDB_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE is undefined on windows so `total_mem` is always equal to `total_size`. The internal memory fragmentation assertion does not apply in this case.
5. In `BlockFetcherTest.FetchAndUncompressCompressedDataBlock` test, XPRESS cannot reach 87.5% compression ratio with original CreateTable method, so I append extra zeros to the string value to enhance compression ratio. Beside, since XPRESS allocates memory internally, thus does not support for custom allocator verification, we will skip the allocator verification for XPRESS
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7992
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D26615283
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 3632612f84b99e2b9c77c403b112b6bedf3b125d
Peter (Stig) Edwards