Summary:
Previously we were using -1 as the default for every library, which was legacy from our zlib options. That worked for a while, but after zstd introduced a146ee04ae, it started giving poor compression ratios by default in zstd.
This PR adds a constant to RocksDB public API, `CompressionOptions::kDefaultCompressionLevel`, which will get translated to the default value specific to the compression library being used in "util/compression.h". The constant uses a number that appears to be larger than any library's maximum compression level.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3895
Differential Revision: D8125780
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 2db157a89118cd4f94577c2f4a0a5ff31c8391c6
Summary:
`RangeDelAggregator` holds the pointers returned by `BlockIter::key()` and `BlockIter::value()` so requires the data to which they point is pinned. `BlockIter::key()` points into block memory and is guaranteed to be pinned if and only if prefix encoding is disabled (or, equivalently, restart interval is set to one). I think `BlockIter::value()` is always pinned. Added an assert for these and removed the wrong TODO about increasing restart interval, which would enable key prefix encoding and break the assertion.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3875
Differential Revision: D8063667
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 60b5ebcc0cdd610dd6aad9e74a23378793672c41
Summary:
Right now ReverseBytewiseComparator::FindShortestSeparator() doesn't really shorten key, and ReverseBytewiseComparator::FindShortestSuccessor() seems to return wrong results. The code is confusing too as it uses BytewiseComparatorImpl::FindShortestSeparator() but the function actually won't do anything if the the first key is larger than the second.
Implement ReverseBytewiseComparator::FindShortestSeparator() and override ReverseBytewiseComparator::FindShortestSuccessor() to be empty.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3836
Differential Revision: D7959762
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: 93acb621c16ce6f23e087ae4e19f7d84d1254683
Summary:
Currently manual_wal_flush if set in the options will be used only for the wal files created during wal switch. The configuration thus does not affect the first wal file. The patch fixes that and also update the related unit tests.
This PR is built on top of https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3756
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3824
Differential Revision: D7909153
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: 024ed99d2555db06bf096c902b998e432bb7b9ce
Summary:
Previously `DBOptions::use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction=true` combined with `DBOptions::use_direct_reads=false` could cause RocksDB to simultaneously read from two file descriptors for the same file, where background reads used direct I/O and foreground reads used buffered I/O. Our measurements found this mixed-mode I/O negatively impacted foreground read perf, compared to when only buffered I/O was used.
This PR makes the mixed-mode I/O situation impossible by repurposing `DBOptions::use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction` to only apply to background writes, and `DBOptions::use_direct_reads` to apply to all reads. There is no risk of direct background direct writes happening simultaneously with buffered reads since we never read from and write to the same file simultaneously.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3829
Differential Revision: D7915443
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 78bcbf276449b7e7766ab6b0db246f789fb1b279
Summary:
`ReadaheadRandomAccessFile` had an unwritten assumption, which was that its wrapped file's `Read()` function always copies into the provided scratch buffer. Actually this was not true when the wrapped file was `PosixMmapReadableFile`, whose `Read()` implementation does no copying and instead returns a `Slice` pointing directly into the `mmap`'d memory region. This PR:
- prevents `ReadaheadRandomAccessFile` from ever wrapping mmap readable files
- adds an assert for the assumption `ReadaheadRandomAccessFile` makes about the wrapped file's use of scratch buffer
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3813
Differential Revision: D7891513
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: dc64a55222d6af280c39a1852ee39e9e9d7cde7d
Summary:
Rollback was disabled in stress test since there was a concurrency issue in WritePrepared rollback algorithm. The issue is fixed by caching the column family handles in WritePrepared to skip getting them from the db when needed for rollback.
Tested by running transaction stress test under tsan.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3785
Differential Revision: D7793727
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: d81ab6fda0e53186ca69944cfe0712ce4869451e
Summary:
sync parent directory after deleting a file in delete scheduler. Otherwise, trim speed may not be as smooth as what we want.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3767
Differential Revision: D7760136
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: ec131d53b61953f09c60d67e901e5eeb2716b05f
Summary:
WritePrepared rollback implementation is not ready to be invoked in the middle of workload. This is due the lack of synchronization to obtain the cf handle from db. Temporarily disabling this until the problem with rollback is fixed.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3772
Differential Revision: D7769041
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: 0e3b0ce679bc2afba82e653a40afa3f045722754
Summary:
Background activities like compaction can negatively affect
latency of higher-priority tasks like request processing. To avoid this,
rocksdb already lowers the IO priority of background threads on Linux
systems. While this takes care of typical IO-bound systems, it does not
help much when CPU (temporarily) becomes the bottleneck. This is
especially likely when using more expensive compression settings.
This patch adds an API to allow for lowering the CPU priority of
background threads, modeled on the IO priority API. Benchmarks (see
below) show significant latency and throughput improvements when CPU
bound. As a result, workloads with some CPU usage bursts should benefit
from lower latencies at a given utilization, or should be able to push
utilization higher at a given request latency target.
A useful side effect is that compaction CPU usage is now easily visible
in common tools, allowing for an easier estimation of the contribution
of compaction vs. request processing threads.
As with IO priority, the implementation is limited to Linux, degrading
to a no-op on other systems.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3763
Differential Revision: D7740096
Pulled By: gwicke
fbshipit-source-id: e5d32373e8dc403a7b0c2227023f9ce4f22b413c
Summary:
Currently WritePrepared rolls back a transaction with prepare sequence number prepare_seq by i) write a single rollback batch with rollback_seq, ii) add <rollback_seq, rollback_seq> to commit cache, iii) remove prepare_seq from PrepareHeap.
This is correct assuming that there is no snapshot taken when a transaction is rolled back. This is the case the way MySQL does rollback which is after recovery. Otherwise if max_evicted_seq advances the prepare_seq, the live snapshot might assume data as committed since it does not find them in CommitCache.
The change is to simply add <prepare_seq. rollback_seq> to commit cache before removing prepare_seq from PrepareHeap. In this way if max_evicted_seq advances prpeare_seq, the existing mechanism that we have to check evicted entries against live snapshots will make sure that the live snapshot will not see the data of rolled back transaction.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3745
Differential Revision: D7696193
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: c9a2d46341ddc03554dded1303520a1cab74ef9c
Summary:
Right now in `SyncClosedLogs`, `CopyFile`, and `AddRecord`, where `Sync` and `Append` are invoked in a loop, the error status are not checked. This could lead to potential corruption as later calls will overwrite the error status.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3740
Differential Revision: D7678848
Pulled By: miasantreble
fbshipit-source-id: 4b0b412975989dfe80348f73217b9c4122a4bd77
Summary:
Previously threads were named "rocksdb:bg\<index in thread pool\>", so the first thread in all thread pools would be named "rocksdb:bg0". Users want to be able to distinguish threads used for flush (high-pri) vs regular compaction (low-pri) vs compaction to bottom-level (bottom-pri). So I changed the thread naming convention to include the thread-pool priority.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3702
Differential Revision: D7581415
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: ce04482b6acd956a401ef22dc168b84f76f7d7c1
Summary:
db_stress was already capable running transactions by setting use_txn. Running it under stress showed a couple of problems fixed in this patch.
- The uncommitted transaction must be either rolled back or commit after recovery.
- Current implementation of WritePrepared transaction cannot handle cf drop before crash. Clarified that in the comments and added safety checks. When running with use_txn, clear_column_family_one_in must be set to 0.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3733
Differential Revision: D7654419
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: a024bad80a9dc99677398c00d29ff17d4436b7f3
Summary:
this PR fixes a few failed contbuild:
1. ASAN memory leak in Block::NewIterator (table/block.cc:429). the proper destruction of first_level_iter_ and second_level_iter_ of two_level_iterator.cc is missing from the code after the refactoring in https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3406
2. various unused param errors introduced by https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3662
3. updated comment for `ForceReleaseCachedEntry` to emphasize the use of `force_erase` flag.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3718
Reviewed By: maysamyabandeh
Differential Revision: D7621192
Pulled By: miasantreble
fbshipit-source-id: 476c94264083a0730ded957c29de7807e4f5b146
Summary:
This PR comments out the rest of the unused arguments which allow us to turn on the -Wunused-parameter flag. This is the second part of a codemod relating to https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3557.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3662
Differential Revision: D7426121
Pulled By: Dayvedde
fbshipit-source-id: 223994923b42bd4953eb016a0129e47560f7e352
Summary:
In this change, an option to set different paths for different column families is added.
This option is set via cf_paths setting of ColumnFamilyOptions. This option will work in a similar fashion to db_paths setting. Cf_paths is a vector of Dbpath values which contains a pair of the absolute path and target size. Multiple levels in a Column family can go to different paths if cf_paths has more than one path.
To maintain backward compatibility, if cf_paths is not specified for a column family, db_paths setting will be used. Note that, if db_paths setting is also not specified, RocksDB already has code to use db_name as the only path.
Changes :
1) A new member "cf_paths" is added to ImmutableCfOptions. This is set, based on cf_paths setting of ColumnFamilyOptions and db_paths setting of ImmutableDbOptions. This member is used to identify the path information whenever files are accessed.
2) Validation checks are added for cf_paths setting based on existing checks for db_paths setting.
3) DestroyDB, PurgeObsoleteFiles etc. are edited to support multiple cf_paths.
4) Unit tests are added appropriately.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3102
Differential Revision: D6951697
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 60d2262862b0a8fd6605b09ccb0da32bb331787d
Summary:
Level Compaction with TTL.
As of today, a file could exist in the LSM tree without going through the compaction process for a really long time if there are no updates to the data in the file's key range. For example, in certain use cases, the keys are not actually "deleted"; instead they are just set to empty values. There might not be any more writes to this "deleted" key range, and if so, such data could remain in the LSM for a really long time resulting in wasted space.
Introducing a TTL could solve this problem. Files (and, in turn, data) older than TTL will be scheduled for compaction when there is no other background work. This will make the data go through the regular compaction process and get rid of old unwanted data.
This also has the (good) side-effect of all the data in the non-bottommost level being newer than ttl, and all data in the bottommost level older than ttl. It could lead to more writes while reducing space.
This functionality can be controlled by the newly introduced column family option -- ttl.
TODO for later:
- Make ttl mutable
- Extend TTL to Universal compaction as well? (TTL is already supported in FIFO)
- Maybe deprecate CompactionOptionsFIFO.ttl in favor of this new ttl option.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3591
Differential Revision: D7275442
Pulled By: sagar0
fbshipit-source-id: dcba484717341200d419b0953dafcdf9eb2f0267
Summary:
Manual compactions should be cancelled, just like scheduled compactions are cancelled, if sfm->EnoughRoomForCompaction is not true.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3670
Differential Revision: D7457683
Pulled By: amytai
fbshipit-source-id: 669b02fdb707f75db576d03d2c818fb98d1876f5
Summary:
This was failing the build on windows with zstd, warning treated as an error, 32-bit shift implicitly converted to 64-bit.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3624
Differential Revision: D7307883
Pulled By: gfosco
fbshipit-source-id: 68110e9b5b1b59b668dec6cf86b67556402574e7
Summary:
Provide a block_align option in BlockBasedTableOptions to allow
alignment of SST file data blocks. This will avoid higher
IOPS/throughput load due to < 4KB data blocks spanning 2 4KB pages.
When this option is set to true, the block alignment is set to lower of
block size and 4KB.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3502
Differential Revision: D7400897
Pulled By: anand1976
fbshipit-source-id: 04cc3bd144e88e3431a4f97604e63ad7a0f06d44
Summary:
Add `bytes_max_delete_chunk` in SstFileManager so that we can drop a large file in multiple batches.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3640
Differential Revision: D7358679
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: ef17f0da2f5723dbece2669485a9b91b3edc0bb7
Summary:
Implemented PositionedAppend() and use_direct_io() for TestWritableFile.
With these changes, FaultInjectionTestEnv can be used with DirectIO enabled.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3586
Differential Revision: D7244305
Pulled By: yiwu-arbug
fbshipit-source-id: f6b7aece53daa0f9977bc684164a0693693e514c
Summary:
This diff handles cases where compaction causes an ENOSPC error.
This does not handle corner cases where another background job is started while compaction is running, and the other background job triggers ENOSPC, although we do allow the user to provision for these background jobs with SstFileManager::SetCompactionBufferSize.
It also does not handle the case where compaction has finished and some other background job independently triggers ENOSPC.
Usage: Functionality is inside SstFileManager. In particular, users should set SstFileManager::SetMaxAllowedSpaceUsage, which is the reference highwatermark for determining whether to cancel compactions.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3449
Differential Revision: D7016941
Pulled By: amytai
fbshipit-source-id: 8965ab8dd8b00972e771637a41b4e6c645450445
Summary:
Now that files scheduled for deletion are kept in the same directory, we don't need to constrain deletion scheduler to `db_paths[0]`. Previously this was done because there was a separate trash directory, and this constraint prevented files from being accidentally copied to another filesystem when they're scheduled for deletion.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3544
Differential Revision: D7093786
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 202f5c92d925eafebec1281fb95bb5828d33414f
Summary:
In attempting to build a static lib for use in iOS, I ran in to lots of type errors between uint64_t and size_t. This PR contains the changes I made to get `TARGET_OS=IOS make static_lib` to succeed while also getting Xcode to build successfully with the resulting `librocksdb.a` library imported.
This also compiles for me on macOS and tests fine, but I'm really not sure if I made the correct decisions about where to `static_cast` and where to change types.
Also up for discussion: is iOS worth supporting? Getting the static lib is just part one, we aren't providing any bridging headers or wrappers like the ObjectiveRocks project, it won't be a great experience.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3503
Differential Revision: D7106457
Pulled By: gfosco
fbshipit-source-id: 82ac2073de7e1f09b91f6b4faea91d18bd311f8e
Summary:
This patch addressed several issues.
Portability including db_test std::thread -> port::Thread Cc: @
and %z to ROCKSDB portable macro. Cc: maysamyabandeh
Implement Env::AreFilesSame
Make the implementation of file unique number more robust
Get rid of C-runtime and go directly to Windows API when dealing
with file primitives.
Implement GetSectorSize() and aling unbuffered read on the value if
available.
Adjust Windows Logger for the new interface, implement CloseImpl() Cc: anand1976
Fix test running script issue where $status var was of incorrect scope
so the failures were swallowed and not reported.
DestroyDB() creates a logger and opens a LOG file in the directory
being cleaned up. This holds a lock on the folder and the cleanup is
prevented. This fails one of the checkpoin tests. We observe the same in production.
We close the log file in this change.
Fix DBTest2.ReadAmpBitmapLiveInCacheAfterDBClose failure where the test
attempts to open a directory with NewRandomAccessFile which does not
work on Windows.
Fix DBTest.SoftLimit as it is dependent on thread timing. CC: yiwu-arbug
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3552
Differential Revision: D7156304
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: 43db0a757f1dfceffeb2b7988043156639173f5b
Summary:
Move DuplicateDetector and SetComparator to its own header file in util. It would also address a complaint in the unity test.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3567
Differential Revision: D7163268
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: 6ddf82773473646dbbc1284ae601a78c4907c778
Summary:
Red diff to remove existing implementation of garbage collection. The current approach is reference counting kind of approach and require a lot of effort to get the size counter right on compaction and deletion. I'm going to go with a simple mark-sweep kind of approach and will send another PR for that.
CompactionEventListener was added solely for blob db and it adds complexity and overhead to compaction iterator. Removing it as well.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3551
Differential Revision: D7130190
Pulled By: yiwu-arbug
fbshipit-source-id: c3a375ad2639a3f6ed179df6eda602372cc5b8df
Summary:
The recent Logger::Close() and DBImpl::Close() implementation rely on
calling the CloseImpl() virtual function from the destructor, which will
not work. Refactor the implementation to have a private close helper
function in derived classes that can be called by both CloseImpl() and
the destructor.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3528
Reviewed By: gfosco
Differential Revision: D7049303
Pulled By: anand1976
fbshipit-source-id: 76a64cbf403209216dfe4864ecf96b5d7f3db9f4
Summary:
Deadlock: a memtable flush holds DB::mutex_ and calls ThreadLocalPtr::Scrape(), which locks ThreadLocalPtr mutex; meanwhile, a thread exit handler locks ThreadLocalPtr mutex and calls SuperVersionUnrefHandle, which tries to lock DB::mutex_.
This deadlock is hit all the time on our workload. It blocks our release.
In general, the problem is that ThreadLocalPtr takes an arbitrary callback and calls it while holding a lock on a global mutex. The same global mutex is (at least in some cases) locked by almost all ThreadLocalPtr methods, on any instance of ThreadLocalPtr. So, there'll be a deadlock if the callback tries to do anything to any instance of ThreadLocalPtr, or waits for another thread to do so.
So, probably the only safe way to use ThreadLocalPtr callbacks is to do only do simple and lock-free things in them.
This PR fixes the deadlock by making sure that local_sv_ never holds the last reference to a SuperVersion, and therefore SuperVersionUnrefHandle never has to do any nontrivial cleanup.
I also searched for other uses of ThreadLocalPtr to see if they may have similar bugs. There's only one other use, in transaction_lock_mgr.cc, and it looks fine.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3510
Reviewed By: sagar0
Differential Revision: D7005346
Pulled By: al13n321
fbshipit-source-id: 37575591b84f07a891d6659e87e784660fde815f
Summary:
Calling `std::vector::reserve()` causes memory to be reallocated and then data to be moved. It was called prior to adding every block. This reallocation could be done a huge amount of times, e.g., for users with large index blocks.
Instead, we can simply use `std::vector::emplace_back()` in such a way that preserves the no-memory-leak guarantee, while letting the vector decide when to reallocate space. Now I see reallocation/moving happen O(logN) times, rather than O(N) times, where N is the final size of vector.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3508
Differential Revision: D6994228
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: ab7c11e13ff37c8c6c8249be7a79566a4068cd27
Summary:
- removed a few unneeded variables
- fused some variable declarations and their assignments
- fixed right-trimming code in string_util.cc to not underflow
- simplifed an assertion
- move non-nullptr check assertion before dereferencing of that pointer
- pass an std::string function parameter by const reference instead of by value (avoiding potential copy)
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3507
Differential Revision: D7004679
Pulled By: sagar0
fbshipit-source-id: 52944952d9b56dfcac3bea3cd7878e315bb563c4
Summary:
We don't do fsync() after truncate in direct I/O writeable file (in fact we don't do any fsync ever). This can cause metadata not persistent to disk after the file is generated. We call it instead.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3500
Differential Revision: D6981482
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: 7e2b591b7e5dd1b96fc0775515b8b9e6092980ef
Summary:
Now we suppress alignment UBSAN error as a whole. Suppressing 3-way CRC and murmurhash feels a better idea than turning off alignment check as a whole.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3495
Differential Revision: D6971273
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: 080b59fed6df494b9f622ef7cb5d42d39e6a8cdf
Summary:
ForwardIterator::SVCleanup() sometimes didn't pin superversion when it was supposed to. See the added test for the scenario. Here's the ASAN output of the added test without the fix (using `COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make`): https://pastebin.com/9rD0Ywws
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3415
Differential Revision: D6817414
Pulled By: al13n321
fbshipit-source-id: bc80c44ea78a3a1fa885dfa448a26111f91afb24
Summary:
`ReadaheadRandomAccessFile` is used by iterators for file reads in several cases, like in compaction when `compaction_readahead_size > 0` or `use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction == true`, or in user iterator when `ReadOptions::readahead_size > 0`. `ReadaheadRandomAccessFile` maintains an internal buffer for readahead data. It assumes that, if the buffer's length is less than `ReadaheadRandomAccessFile::readahead_size_`, which is fixed in the constructor, then EOF has been reached so it doesn't try reading further.
Recently, d938226af4 started calling `RandomAccessFile::Prefetch` with various lengths: 8KB, 16KB, etc. When the `RandomAccessFile` is a `ReadaheadRandomAccessFile`, it triggers the above condition and incorrectly determines EOF. If a block is partially in the readahead buffer and EOF is incorrectly decided, the result is a truncated data block.
The problem is reproducible:
```
TEST_TMPDIR=/data/compaction_bench ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -write_buffer_size=1048576 -target_file_size_base=1048576 -block_size=18384 -use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction=true
...
put error: Corruption: truncated block read from /data/compaction_bench/dbbench/000014.sst offset 20245, expected 10143 bytes, got 8427
```
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3454
Differential Revision: D6869405
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 87001c299e7600a37c0dcccbd0368e0954c929cf
Summary:
FilePrefetchBuffer::Prefetch is currently rounds the offset up which does not fit its new use cases in prefetching index/filter blocks, as it would skips over some the offsets that were requested to be prefetched. This patch rounds down instead.
Fixes#3180
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3413
Differential Revision: D6816392
Pulled By: maysamyabandeh
fbshipit-source-id: 3aaeaf59c55d72b61dacfae6d4a8e65eccb3c553
Summary:
Currently, the only way to close an open DB is to destroy the DB
object. There is no way for the caller to know the status. In one
instance, the destructor encountered an error due to failure to
close a log file on HDFS. In order to prevent silent failures, we add
DB::Close() that calls CloseImpl() which must be implemented by its
descendants.
The main failure point in the destructor is closing the log file. This
patch also adds a Close() entry point to Logger in order to get status.
When DBOptions::info_log is allocated and owned by the DBImpl, it is
explicitly closed by DBImpl::CloseImpl().
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3348
Differential Revision: D6698158
Pulled By: anand1976
fbshipit-source-id: 9468e2892553eb09c4c41b8723f590c0dbd8ab7d
Andrew Kryczka