The previous memory allocation procedures tried to allocate memory
via `new` or `mmap` and inserted the pointer to the memory into an
std::vector afterwards. In case `new` or `mmap` threw or returned
a nullptr, no memory was leaking. If `new` or `mmap` worked ok, the
following `vector::push_back` could still fail and throw an exception.
In this case, the memory just allocated was leaked.
The fix is to reserve space in the target memory pointer block
beforehand. If this throws, then no memory is allocated nor leaked.
If the reserve works but the actual allocation fails, still no
memory is leaked, only the target vector will have space for at
least one more element than actually required (but this may be
reused for the next allocation)
Summary: As title
Test Plan: make check
Reviewers: yhchiang, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46983
Summary:
Fix hex2String performance issues by removing sscanf dependency.
Also fixed some edge case handling (odd length, bad input).
Test Plan: Created a test file which called old and new implementation, and validated results are the same. I'll paste results in the phabricator diff.
Reviewers: igor, rven, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, kradhakrishnan, yhchiang, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: thatsafunnyname, leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46785
Summary:
PlainTableReader now only allows mmap-mode. Add the support to non-mmap mode for more flexibility.
Refactor the codes to move all logic of reading data to PlainTableKeyDecoder, and consolidate the calls to Read() call and ReadVarint32() call. Implement the calls for both of mmap and non-mmap case seperately. For non-mmap mode, make copy of keys in several places when we need to move the buffer after reading the keys.
Test Plan: Add the mode of non-mmap case in plain_table_db_test. Run it in valgrind mode too.
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D47187
Summary: RandomAccessFileReader unnecessarily inherited RandomAccessFile, which can introduce unnecessarily extra costs. Remove it.
Test Plan: Run all existing tests
Reviewers: yhchiang, anthony, igor, kradhakrishnan, rven, IslamAbdelRahman
Reviewed By: IslamAbdelRahman
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D47409
Summary:
Add options.compaction_pri, which specifies the policy about which file to compact first.
kCompactionPriByLargestSeq will compact oldest files first.
Verified the behavior in db_bench but did not write unit tests yet. Also need to make it settable through option string and dynamically changeable.
Test Plan: Will write unit tests
Reviewers: igor, rven, anthony, kradhakrishnan, IslamAbdelRahman, yhchiang, MarkCallaghan
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45951
Summary:
This patch fixes#7460559. It introduces SingleDelete as a new database
operation. This operation can be used to delete keys that were never
overwritten (no put following another put of the same key). If an overwritten
key is single deleted the behavior is undefined. Single deletion of a
non-existent key has no effect but multiple consecutive single deletions are
not allowed (see limitations).
In contrast to the conventional Delete() operation, the deletion entry is
removed along with the value when the two are lined up in a compaction. Note:
The semantics are similar to @igor's prototype that allowed to have this
behavior on the granularity of a column family (
https://reviews.facebook.net/D42093 ). This new patch, however, is more
aggressive when it comes to removing tombstones: It removes the SingleDelete
together with the value whenever there is no snapshot between them while the
older patch only did this when the sequence number of the deletion was older
than the earliest snapshot.
Most of the complex additions are in the Compaction Iterator, all other changes
should be relatively straightforward. The patch also includes basic support for
single deletions in db_stress and db_bench.
Limitations:
- Not compatible with cuckoo hash tables
- Single deletions cannot be used in combination with merges and normal
deletions on the same key (other keys are not affected by this)
- Consecutive single deletions are currently not allowed (and older version of
this patch supported this so it could be resurrected if needed)
Test Plan: make all check
Reviewers: yhchiang, sdong, rven, anthony, yoshinorim, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: maykov, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43179
Summary: Fix two constants in WaitFor() that multiply a value with 000 instead of 1000.
Test Plan: make clean all check
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, aekmekji, sdong, MarkCallaghan, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D47091
Summary: Change the log level of DB start-up log from Warn to Header.
Test Plan: db_bench and observe the LOG header
Reviewers: igor, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D47067
Summary: If we skip a test, we shouldn't mark `make check` as failure. This fixes travis CI test.
Test Plan: Travis CI
Reviewers: noetzli, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D47031
Summary:
RocksDB options can be dumped to the log file, and
up to this point the max_subcompactions option was not included
in this dump. This fixes that.
Test Plan: makek all && make check
Reviewers: MarkCallaghan, igor, noetzli, anthony, yhchiang, sdong
Reviewed By: yhchiang, sdong
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46971
Summary:
This patch finally fixes the ColumnFamilyTest.ReadDroppedColumnFamily test. The test has been failing very sporadically and it was hard to repro. However, I managed to write a new tests that reproes the failure deterministically.
Here's what happens:
1. We start the flush for the column family
2. We check if the column family was dropped here: a3fc49bfdd/db/flush_job.cc (L149)
3. This check goes through, ends up in InstallMemtableFlushResults() and it goes into LogAndApply()
4. At about this time, we start dropping the column family. Dropping the column family process gets to LogAndApply() at about the same time as LogAndApply() from flush process
5. Drop column family goes through LogAndApply() first, marking the column family as dropped.
6. Flush process gets woken up and gets a chance to write to the MANIFEST. However, this is where it gets stuck: a3fc49bfdd/db/version_set.cc (L1975)
7. We see that the column family was dropped, so there is no need to write to the MANIFEST. We return OK.
8. Flush gets OK back from LogAndApply() and it deletes the memtable, thinking that the data is now safely persisted to sst file.
The fix is pretty simple. Instead of OK, we return ShutdownInProgress. This is not really true, but we have been using this status code to also mean "this operation was canceled because the column family has been dropped".
The fix is only one LOC. All other code is related to tests. I added a new test that reproes the failure. I also moved SleepingBackgroundTask to util/testutil.h (because I needed it in column_family_test for my new test). There's plenty of other places where we reimplement SleepingBackgroundTask, but I'll address that in a separate commit.
Test Plan:
1. new test
2. make check
3. Make sure the ColumnFamilyTest.ReadDroppedColumnFamily doesn't fail on Travis: https://travis-ci.org/facebook/rocksdb/jobs/79952386
Reviewers: yhchiang, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, kradhakrishnan, rven, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46773
Summary:
The default behavior for atomic operations is sequentially consistent ordering
which is not needed for simple counters (see:
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order). Change the memory order
to std::memory_order_relaxed for better performance.
Test Plan: make clean all check
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, aekmekji, sdong, MarkCallaghan, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46953
Summary: Add an option to stop writes if compaction lefts behind. If estimated pending compaction bytes is more than threshold specified by options.hard_pending_compaction_bytes_liimt, writes will stop until compactions are cleared to under the threshold.
Test Plan: Add unit test DBTest.HardLimit
Reviewers: rven, kradhakrishnan, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, yhchiang, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: MarkCallaghan, leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45999
Summary:
Commit c67d206898 did not fix all test conditions
which use Arena::MemoryAllocatedBytes() (see Travis failure
https://travis-ci.org/facebook/rocksdb/jobs/79957700). The assumption of that
commit was that aligned allocations do not call Arena::AllocateNewBlock(), so
malloc_usable_block_size() would not be used for Arena::MemoryAllocatedBytes().
However, there is a code path where Arena::AllocateAligned() calls
AllocateFallback() which in turn calls Arena::AllocateNewBlock(), so
Arena::MemoryAllocatedBytes() may return a greater value than expected even for
aligned requests.
Test Plan: make arena_test && ./arena_test
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, aekmekji, igor, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46869
Summary:
ArenaTest.MemoryAllocatedBytes on Travis failed:
https://travis-ci.org/facebook/rocksdb/jobs/79887849 . This is probably due to
malloc_usable_size() returning a value greater than the requested size. From
the man page:
The value returned by malloc_usable_size() may be greater than the requested
size of the allocation because of alignment and minimum size constraints.
Although the excess bytes can be overwritten by the application without ill
effects, this is not good programming practice: the number of excess bytes
in an allocation depends on the underlying implementation.
Test Plan: make arena_test && ./arena_test
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, aekmekji, sdong, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46743
Summary:
Refactoring NewTableReader to accept TableReaderOptions
This will make it easier to add new options in the future, for example in this diff https://reviews.facebook.net/D46071
Test Plan: run existing tests
Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, anthony, rven, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46179
Summary. A change https://reviews.facebook.net/differential/diff/224721/
Has attempted to move common functionality out of platform dependent
code to a new facility called file_reader_writer.
This includes:
- perf counters
- Buffering
- RateLimiting
However, the change did not attempt to refactor Windows code.
To mitigate, we introduce new quering interfaces such as UseOSBuffer(),
GetRequiredBufferAlignment() and ReaderWriterForward()
for pure forwarding where required.
Introduce WritableFile got a new method Truncate(). This is to communicate
to the file as to how much data it has on close.
- When space is pre-allocated on Linux it is filled with zeros implicitly,
no such thing exist on Windows so we must truncate file on close.
- When operating in unbuffered mode the last page is filled with zeros but we still want to truncate.
Previously, Close() would take care of it but now buffer management is shifted to the wrappers and the file has
no idea about the file true size.
This means that Close() on the wrapper level must always include
Truncate() as well as wrapper __dtor should call Close() and
against double Close().
Move buffered/unbuffered write logic to the wrapper.
Utilize Aligned buffer class.
Adjust tests and implement Truncate() where necessary.
Come up with reasonable defaults for new virtual interfaces.
Forward calls for RandomAccessReadAhead class to avoid double
buffering and locking (double locking in unbuffered mode on WIndows).
Summary:
CompressionTypeSupported was returning LZ4_Supported() for
kZSTDNotFinalCompression. This patch changes it to ZSTD_Supported().
Test Plan: make clean all check
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, sdong, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46521
Summary:
Clang expects %llu for uint64_t, while gcc expects %lu. Replaced the format
specifier with a format macro. This should fix the build on gcc and Clang.
Test Plan: Build on gcc and clang.
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, sdong, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46431
Summary:
In some cases, equality comparisons can be done more efficiently than three-way
comparisons. There are quite a few places in the code where we only care about
equality. This patch adds an Equal() method that defaults to using the
Compare() method.
Test Plan: make clean all check
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, igor, sdong
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46233
Summary:
Added tests for two LDBCommands namely i) ManifestDumpCommand and ii) ListColumnFamiliesCommand.
+ Minor fix in the sscanf formatter (along relace C cast with C++ cast) + replacing localtime with localtime_r which is thread safe.
Test Plan: make all && ./tools/ldb_test.py
Reviewers: anthony, igor, IslamAbdelRahman, kradhakrishnan, lgalanis, rven, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45819
Summary: BackupRateLimiter removed and uses replaced with the existing GenericRateLimiter
Test Plan:
make all check
make clean
USE_CLANG=1 make all
make clean
OPT=-DROCKSDB_LITE make release
Reviewers: leveldb, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: igor, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46095
Summary:
This diff is a collection of cleanups that were initially part of D43179.
Additionally it adds a unified way of defining key-value maps that use a
Comparator for sorting (this was previously implemented in four different
places).
Test Plan: make clean check all
Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, sdong, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45993
Summary:
Fixed the following compile warning in linux32 environment.
==> linux32: util/sst_dump_tool.cc: In member function ‘int
rocksdb::SstFileReader::ShowAllCompressionSizes(size_t)’:
==> linux32: util/sst_dump_tool.cc:167:50: warning: format ‘%lu’ expects
argument of type ‘long unsigned int’, but argument 3 has type
‘size_t {aka unsigned int}’ [-Wformat=]
==> linux32: fprintf(stdout, "Block Size: %lu\n", block_size);
Test Plan: make sst_dump
Reviewers: anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, sdong, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45885
Summary: arena_test is failing with glibc-2.17. Make it more robust
Test Plan: Run arena_test using both of glibc-2.17 and 2.2 and make sure both passes.
Reviewers: yhchiang, rven, IslamAbdelRahman, kradhakrishnan, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45879
Summary: Provide a way to specify a detailed static error message for a Status without incurring a memcpy. Let me know what people think of this approach.
Test Plan: added simple test
Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, rven, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44259
Summary:
Now that the approach to parallelizing L0-L1 level-based
compactions by breaking the compaction job into subcompactions is
being extended to apply to universal compactions as well, the unit
tests need to account for this and run the universal compaction
tests with subcompactions both enabled and disabled.
Test Plan: make all && make check
Reviewers: sdong, igor, noetzli, anthony, yhchiang
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45657
Summary: malloc_usable_size() gets a better estimation of memory usage. It is already used to calculate block cache memory usage. Use it in arena too.
Test Plan: Run all unit tests
Reviewers: anthony, kradhakrishnan, rven, IslamAbdelRahman, yhchiang
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43317
Summary: Add ZSTD compression type. The same way as adding LZ4.
Test Plan: run all tests. Generate files in db_bench. Make sure reads succeed. But the SST files cannot be opened in older versions. Also some other adhoc tests.
Reviewers: rven, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, kradhakrishnan, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: MarkCallaghan, maykov, yoshinorim, leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45747
Summary:
This patch adds the helper functions and variables to allow a backend
implementing WritableFile to support direct IO when persisting a
memtable.
Test Plan:
Since there is no upstream implementation of WritableFile supporting
direct IO, the new behavior is disabled.
Tests should be provided by the backend implementing WritableFile.
Summary:
This patch adds GetStringFromColumnFamilyOptions(), the inverse function
of the existing GetColumnFamilyOptionsFromString(), and improves
the implementation of GetColumnFamilyOptionsFromString().
Test Plan: Add a test in options_test.cc
Reviewers: igor, sdong, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman
Reviewed By: IslamAbdelRahman
Subscribers: noetzli, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45009
Summary:
ReadaheadRandomAccessFile acts as a transparent layer on top of RandomAccessFile. When a Read() request is issued, it issues a much bigger request to the OS and caches the result. When a new request comes in and we already have the data cached, it doesn't have to issue any requests to the OS.
We add ReadaheadRandomAccessFile layer only when file is read during compactions.
D45105 was incorrectly closed by Phabricator because I committed it to a separate branch (not master), so I'm resubmitting the diff.
Test Plan: make check
Reviewers: MarkCallaghan, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45123
Summary:
Currently, mmap returns IOError when user tries to read data past the end of the file. This diff changes the behavior. Now, we return just the bytes that we can, and report the size we returned via a Slice result. This is consistent with non-mmap behavior and also pread() system call.
This diff is taken out of D45123.
Test Plan: make check
Reviewers: sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45645
Summary:
See task #7983654. The example was triggering an assert in compaction job
because the compaction was not marked as manual. With this patch,
CompactionPicker::FormCompaction() marks compactions as manual. This patch
also fixes a couple of typos, adds optimistic_transaction_example to
.gitignore and librocksdb as a dependency for examples. Adding librocksdb as
a dependency makes sure that the examples are built with the latest changes
in librocksdb.
Test Plan: make clean && cd examples && make all && ./compact_files_example
Reviewers: rven, sdong, anthony, igor, yhchiang
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45117
Summary:
Up until this point we had DbOptions.num_subcompactions, but
it is semantically more correct to call this max_subcompactions since
we will schedule *up to* DbOptions.max_subcompactions smaller compactions
at a time during a compaction job.
I also added a --subcompactions option to db_bench
Test Plan: make all make check
Reviewers: sdong, igor, anthony, yhchiang
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45069
Summary: Currently compaction inputs share the same file descriptor and table reader as other foreground threads. It makes fadvise works less predictable. Add options.new_table_reader_for_compaction_inputs to enforce to create a new file descriptor and new table reader for it.
Test Plan: Add the option.
Reviewers: rven, anthony, kradhakrishnan, IslamAbdelRahman, igor, yhchiang
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: igor, MarkCallaghan, leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43311
Summary: Update DestroyDB so that all SST files in the first path id go through DeleteScheduler instead of being deleted immediately
Test Plan: added a unittest
Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, anthony, kradhakrishnan, rven, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: jeanxu2012, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44955
Summary:
This patch implements DBOptions deserialization and improve
the current implementation of DBOptions serialization by
using a static structure that stores the offset of each
DBOptions member variables to perform serialization and
deserialization instead of using tons of if-then-branch
to determine the mapping between string and variables.
Test Plan: Added test in options_test.cc
Reviewers: igor, anthony, sdong, IslamAbdelRahman
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44097
Summary:
HashCuckooRep::ApproximateMemoryUsage() previously return
std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() when it cannot accept more
entries. This patch makes it return a more reasonable estimation.
This change is necessary in order to make GetIntProperty("rocksdb.cur-size-all-mem-tables")
handles HashCuckooRep properly in diff https://reviews.facebook.net/D44229.
Test Plan: db_test
Reviewers: sdong, anthony, IslamAbdelRahman, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44241
Summary:
In prepration for running multiple threads at the same time during
a compaction job, this patch assigns each subcompaction its own state
(instead of sharing the one global CompactionState). Each subcompaction then
uses this state to update its statistics, keep track of its snapshots, etc.
during the course of execution. Then at the end of all the executions the
statistics are aggregated across the subcompactions so that the final result
is the same as if only one larger compaction had run.
Test Plan: ./db_test ./db_compaction_test ./compaction_job_test
Reviewers: sdong, anthony, igor, noetzli, yhchiang
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: MarkCallaghan, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43239
Summary:
While working on supporting mixing merge operators with
single deletes ( https://reviews.facebook.net/D43179 ),
I realized that returning and dealing with merge results
can be made simpler. Submitting this as a separate diff
because it is not directly related to single deletes.
Before, callers of merge helper had to retrieve the merge
result in one of two ways depending on whether the merge
was successful or not (success = result of merge was single
kTypeValue). For successful merges, the caller could query
the resulting key/value pair and for unsuccessful merges,
the result could be retrieved in the form of two deques of
keys and values. However, with single deletes, a successful merge
does not return a single key/value pair (if merge
operands are merged with a single delete, we have to generate
a value and keep the original single delete around to make
sure that we are not accidentially producing a key overwrite).
In addition, the two existing call sites of the merge
helper were taking the same actions independently from whether
the merge was successful or not, so this patch simplifies that.
Test Plan: make clean all check
Reviewers: rven, sdong, yhchiang, anthony, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43353
Summary: In internal stats, remember read latency histogram, if statistics is enabled. It can be retrieved from DB::GetProperty() with "rocksdb.dbstats" property, if it is enabled.
Test Plan: Manually run db_bench and prints out "rocksdb.dbstats" by hand and make sure it prints out as expected
Reviewers: igor, IslamAbdelRahman, rven, kradhakrishnan, anthony, yhchiang
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: MarkCallaghan, leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44193
Summary:
Add options.compaction_measure_io_stats to print out / pass to listener accumulated time spent on write calls. Example outputs in info logs:
2015/08/12-16:27:59.463944 7fd428bff700 (Original Log Time 2015/08/12-16:27:59.463922) EVENT_LOG_v1 {"time_micros": 1439422079463897, "job": 6, "event": "compaction_finished", "output_level": 1, "num_output_files": 4, "total_output_size": 6900525, "num_input_records": 111483, "num_output_records": 106877, "file_write_nanos": 15663206, "file_range_sync_nanos": 649588, "file_fsync_nanos": 349614797, "file_prepare_write_nanos": 1505812, "lsm_state": [2, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}
Add two more counters in iostats_context.
Also add a parameter of db_bench.
Test Plan: Add a unit test. Also manually verify LOG outputs in db_bench
Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44115
Summary: RandomRWFile is not used anywhere in out code base, this patch remove RandomRWFile
Test Plan:
make check -j64
USE_CLANG=1 make all -j64
OPT=-DROCKSDB_LITE make release -j64
Reviewers: sdong, yhchiang, anthony, kradhakrishnan, rven, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44091
jsteemann