// Copyright (c) 2013, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved. // This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the // LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant // of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory. // // Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors. #include "db/column_family.h" #ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS #define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include "db/db_impl.h" #include "db/version_set.h" #include "db/internal_stats.h" #include "db/compaction_picker.h" #include "db/table_properties_collector.h" #include "db/write_controller.h" #include "util/autovector.h" #include "util/hash_skiplist_rep.h" #include "util/options_helper.h" namespace rocksdb { namespace { // This function computes the amount of time in microseconds by which a write // should be delayed based on the number of level-0 files according to the // following formula: // if n < bottom, return 0; // if n >= top, return 1000; // otherwise, let r = (n - bottom) / // (top - bottom) // and return r^2 * 1000. // The goal of this formula is to gradually increase the rate at which writes // are slowed. We also tried linear delay (r * 1000), but it seemed to do // slightly worse. There is no other particular reason for choosing quadratic. uint64_t SlowdownAmount(int n, double bottom, double top) { uint64_t delay; if (n >= top) { delay = 1000; } else if (n < bottom) { delay = 0; } else { // If we are here, we know that: // level0_start_slowdown <= n < level0_slowdown // since the previous two conditions are false. double how_much = static_cast(n - bottom) / (top - bottom); delay = std::max(how_much * how_much * 1000, 100.0); } assert(delay <= 1000); return delay; } } // namespace ColumnFamilyHandleImpl::ColumnFamilyHandleImpl(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, DBImpl* db, port::Mutex* mutex) : cfd_(cfd), db_(db), mutex_(mutex) { if (cfd_ != nullptr) { cfd_->Ref(); } } ColumnFamilyHandleImpl::~ColumnFamilyHandleImpl() { if (cfd_ != nullptr) { DBImpl::DeletionState deletion_state; mutex_->Lock(); if (cfd_->Unref()) { delete cfd_; } db_->FindObsoleteFiles(deletion_state, false, true); mutex_->Unlock(); if (deletion_state.HaveSomethingToDelete()) { db_->PurgeObsoleteFiles(deletion_state); } } } uint32_t ColumnFamilyHandleImpl::GetID() const { return cfd()->GetID(); } const Comparator* ColumnFamilyHandleImpl::user_comparator() const { return cfd()->user_comparator(); } ColumnFamilyOptions SanitizeOptions(const InternalKeyComparator* icmp, const ColumnFamilyOptions& src) { ColumnFamilyOptions result = src; result.comparator = icmp; #ifdef OS_MACOSX // TODO(icanadi) make write_buffer_size uint64_t instead of size_t ClipToRange(&result.write_buffer_size, ((size_t)64) << 10, ((size_t)1) << 30); #else ClipToRange(&result.write_buffer_size, ((size_t)64) << 10, ((size_t)64) << 30); #endif // if user sets arena_block_size, we trust user to use this value. Otherwise, // calculate a proper value from writer_buffer_size; if (result.arena_block_size <= 0) { result.arena_block_size = result.write_buffer_size / 10; } result.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge = std::min(result.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge, result.max_write_buffer_number - 1); result.compression_per_level = src.compression_per_level; if (result.max_mem_compaction_level >= result.num_levels) { result.max_mem_compaction_level = result.num_levels - 1; } if (result.soft_rate_limit > result.hard_rate_limit) { result.soft_rate_limit = result.hard_rate_limit; } if (result.max_write_buffer_number < 2) { result.max_write_buffer_number = 2; } if (!result.prefix_extractor) { assert(result.memtable_factory); Slice name = result.memtable_factory->Name(); if (name.compare("HashSkipListRepFactory") == 0 || name.compare("HashLinkListRepFactory") == 0) { result.memtable_factory = std::make_shared(); } } // -- Sanitize the table properties collector // All user defined properties collectors will be wrapped by // UserKeyTablePropertiesCollector since for them they only have the // knowledge of the user keys; internal keys are invisible to them. auto& collector_factories = result.table_properties_collector_factories; for (size_t i = 0; i < result.table_properties_collector_factories.size(); ++i) { assert(collector_factories[i]); collector_factories[i] = std::make_shared( collector_factories[i]); } // Add collector to collect internal key statistics collector_factories.push_back( std::make_shared()); if (result.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleFIFO) { result.num_levels = 1; // since we delete level0 files in FIFO compaction when there are too many // of them, these options don't really mean anything result.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = std::numeric_limits::max(); result.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = std::numeric_limits::max(); result.level0_stop_writes_trigger = std::numeric_limits::max(); } return result; } int SuperVersion::dummy = 0; void* const SuperVersion::kSVInUse = &SuperVersion::dummy; void* const SuperVersion::kSVObsolete = nullptr; SuperVersion::~SuperVersion() { for (auto td : to_delete) { delete td; } } SuperVersion* SuperVersion::Ref() { refs.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); return this; } bool SuperVersion::Unref() { // fetch_sub returns the previous value of ref uint32_t previous_refs = refs.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); assert(previous_refs > 0); return previous_refs == 1; } void SuperVersion::Cleanup() { assert(refs.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0); imm->Unref(&to_delete); MemTable* m = mem->Unref(); if (m != nullptr) { to_delete.push_back(m); } current->Unref(); } void SuperVersion::Init(MemTable* new_mem, MemTableListVersion* new_imm, Version* new_current) { mem = new_mem; imm = new_imm; current = new_current; mem->Ref(); imm->Ref(); current->Ref(); refs.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); } namespace { void SuperVersionUnrefHandle(void* ptr) { // UnrefHandle is called when a thread exists or a ThreadLocalPtr gets // destroyed. When former happens, the thread shouldn't see kSVInUse. // When latter happens, we are in ~ColumnFamilyData(), no get should happen as // well. SuperVersion* sv = static_cast(ptr); if (sv->Unref()) { sv->db_mutex->Lock(); sv->Cleanup(); sv->db_mutex->Unlock(); delete sv; } } } // anonymous namespace ColumnFamilyData::ColumnFamilyData(uint32_t id, const std::string& name, Version* dummy_versions, Cache* table_cache, const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options, const DBOptions* db_options, const EnvOptions& env_options, ColumnFamilySet* column_family_set) : id_(id), name_(name), dummy_versions_(dummy_versions), current_(nullptr), refs_(0), dropped_(false), internal_comparator_(cf_options.comparator), options_(*db_options, SanitizeOptions(&internal_comparator_, cf_options)), ioptions_(options_), mutable_cf_options_(options_, ioptions_), mem_(nullptr), imm_(options_.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge), super_version_(nullptr), super_version_number_(0), local_sv_(new ThreadLocalPtr(&SuperVersionUnrefHandle)), next_(nullptr), prev_(nullptr), log_number_(0), column_family_set_(column_family_set) { Ref(); // if dummy_versions is nullptr, then this is a dummy column family. if (dummy_versions != nullptr) { internal_stats_.reset( new InternalStats(ioptions_.num_levels, db_options->env, this)); table_cache_.reset(new TableCache(ioptions_, env_options, table_cache)); if (ioptions_.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleUniversal) { compaction_picker_.reset( new UniversalCompactionPicker(ioptions_, &internal_comparator_)); } else if (ioptions_.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleLevel) { compaction_picker_.reset( new LevelCompactionPicker(ioptions_, &internal_comparator_)); } else { assert(ioptions_.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleFIFO); compaction_picker_.reset( new FIFOCompactionPicker(ioptions_, &internal_comparator_)); } Log(ioptions_.info_log, "Options for column family \"%s\":\n", name.c_str()); const ColumnFamilyOptions* cf_options = &options_; cf_options->Dump(ioptions_.info_log); } RecalculateWriteStallConditions(mutable_cf_options_); } // DB mutex held ColumnFamilyData::~ColumnFamilyData() { assert(refs_ == 0); // remove from linked list auto prev = prev_; auto next = next_; prev->next_ = next; next->prev_ = prev; // it's nullptr for dummy CFD if (column_family_set_ != nullptr) { // remove from column_family_set column_family_set_->RemoveColumnFamily(this); } if (current_ != nullptr) { current_->Unref(); } if (super_version_ != nullptr) { // Release SuperVersion reference kept in ThreadLocalPtr. // This must be done outside of mutex_ since unref handler can lock mutex. super_version_->db_mutex->Unlock(); local_sv_.reset(); super_version_->db_mutex->Lock(); bool is_last_reference __attribute__((unused)); is_last_reference = super_version_->Unref(); assert(is_last_reference); super_version_->Cleanup(); delete super_version_; super_version_ = nullptr; } if (dummy_versions_ != nullptr) { // List must be empty assert(dummy_versions_->next_ == dummy_versions_); delete dummy_versions_; } if (mem_ != nullptr) { delete mem_->Unref(); } autovector to_delete; imm_.current()->Unref(&to_delete); for (MemTable* m : to_delete) { delete m; } } void ColumnFamilyData::RecalculateWriteStallConditions( const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options) { if (current_ != nullptr) { const double score = current_->MaxCompactionScore(); const int max_level = current_->MaxCompactionScoreLevel(); auto write_controller = column_family_set_->write_controller_; if (imm()->size() >= mutable_cf_options.max_write_buffer_number) { write_controller_token_ = write_controller->GetStopToken(); internal_stats_->AddCFStats(InternalStats::MEMTABLE_COMPACTION, 1); Log(ioptions_.info_log, "[%s] Stopping writes because we have %d immutable memtables " "(waiting for flush), max_write_buffer_number is set to %d", name_.c_str(), imm()->size(), mutable_cf_options.max_write_buffer_number); } else if (current_->NumLevelFiles(0) >= mutable_cf_options.level0_stop_writes_trigger) { write_controller_token_ = write_controller->GetStopToken(); internal_stats_->AddCFStats(InternalStats::LEVEL0_NUM_FILES, 1); Log(ioptions_.info_log, "[%s] Stopping writes because we have %d level-0 files", name_.c_str(), current_->NumLevelFiles(0)); } else if (mutable_cf_options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger >= 0 && current_->NumLevelFiles(0) >= mutable_cf_options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger) { uint64_t slowdown = SlowdownAmount( current_->NumLevelFiles(0), mutable_cf_options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger, mutable_cf_options.level0_stop_writes_trigger); write_controller_token_ = write_controller->GetDelayToken(slowdown); internal_stats_->AddCFStats(InternalStats::LEVEL0_SLOWDOWN, slowdown); Log(ioptions_.info_log, "[%s] Stalling writes because we have %d level-0 files (%" PRIu64 "us)", name_.c_str(), current_->NumLevelFiles(0), slowdown); } else if (mutable_cf_options.hard_rate_limit > 1.0 && score > mutable_cf_options.hard_rate_limit) { uint64_t kHardLimitSlowdown = 1000; write_controller_token_ = write_controller->GetDelayToken(kHardLimitSlowdown); internal_stats_->RecordLevelNSlowdown(max_level, kHardLimitSlowdown, false); Log(ioptions_.info_log, "[%s] Stalling writes because we hit hard limit on level %d. " "(%" PRIu64 "us)", name_.c_str(), max_level, kHardLimitSlowdown); } else if (mutable_cf_options.soft_rate_limit > 0.0 && score > mutable_cf_options.soft_rate_limit) { uint64_t slowdown = SlowdownAmount(score, mutable_cf_options.soft_rate_limit, mutable_cf_options.hard_rate_limit); write_controller_token_ = write_controller->GetDelayToken(slowdown); internal_stats_->RecordLevelNSlowdown(max_level, slowdown, true); Log(ioptions_.info_log, "[%s] Stalling writes because we hit soft limit on level %d (%" PRIu64 "us)", name_.c_str(), max_level, slowdown); } else { write_controller_token_.reset(); } } } const EnvOptions* ColumnFamilyData::soptions() const { return &(column_family_set_->env_options_); } void ColumnFamilyData::SetCurrent(Version* current) { current_ = current; } void ColumnFamilyData::CreateNewMemtable( const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options) { assert(current_ != nullptr); if (mem_ != nullptr) { delete mem_->Unref(); } mem_ = new MemTable(internal_comparator_, ioptions_, mutable_cf_options); mem_->Ref(); } Compaction* ColumnFamilyData::PickCompaction( const MutableCFOptions& mutable_options, LogBuffer* log_buffer) { auto result = compaction_picker_->PickCompaction( mutable_options, current_, log_buffer); return result; } Compaction* ColumnFamilyData::CompactRange( const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options, int input_level, int output_level, uint32_t output_path_id, const InternalKey* begin, const InternalKey* end, InternalKey** compaction_end) { return compaction_picker_->CompactRange( mutable_cf_options, current_, input_level, output_level, output_path_id, begin, end, compaction_end); } SuperVersion* ColumnFamilyData::GetReferencedSuperVersion( port::Mutex* db_mutex) { SuperVersion* sv = nullptr; sv = GetThreadLocalSuperVersion(db_mutex); sv->Ref(); if (!ReturnThreadLocalSuperVersion(sv)) { sv->Unref(); } return sv; } SuperVersion* ColumnFamilyData::GetThreadLocalSuperVersion( port::Mutex* db_mutex) { SuperVersion* sv = nullptr; // The SuperVersion is cached in thread local storage to avoid acquiring // mutex when SuperVersion does not change since the last use. When a new // SuperVersion is installed, the compaction or flush thread cleans up // cached SuperVersion in all existing thread local storage. To avoid // acquiring mutex for this operation, we use atomic Swap() on the thread // local pointer to guarantee exclusive access. If the thread local pointer // is being used while a new SuperVersion is installed, the cached // SuperVersion can become stale. In that case, the background thread would // have swapped in kSVObsolete. We re-check the value at when returning // SuperVersion back to thread local, with an atomic compare and swap. // The superversion will need to be released if detected to be stale. void* ptr = local_sv_->Swap(SuperVersion::kSVInUse); // Invariant: // (1) Scrape (always) installs kSVObsolete in ThreadLocal storage // (2) the Swap above (always) installs kSVInUse, ThreadLocal storage // should only keep kSVInUse before ReturnThreadLocalSuperVersion call // (if no Scrape happens). assert(ptr != SuperVersion::kSVInUse); sv = static_cast(ptr); if (sv == SuperVersion::kSVObsolete || sv->version_number != super_version_number_.load()) { RecordTick(ioptions_.statistics, NUMBER_SUPERVERSION_ACQUIRES); SuperVersion* sv_to_delete = nullptr; if (sv && sv->Unref()) { RecordTick(ioptions_.statistics, NUMBER_SUPERVERSION_CLEANUPS); db_mutex->Lock(); // NOTE: underlying resources held by superversion (sst files) might // not be released until the next background job. sv->Cleanup(); sv_to_delete = sv; } else { db_mutex->Lock(); } sv = super_version_->Ref(); db_mutex->Unlock(); delete sv_to_delete; } assert(sv != nullptr); return sv; } bool ColumnFamilyData::ReturnThreadLocalSuperVersion(SuperVersion* sv) { assert(sv != nullptr); // Put the SuperVersion back void* expected = SuperVersion::kSVInUse; if (local_sv_->CompareAndSwap(static_cast(sv), expected)) { // When we see kSVInUse in the ThreadLocal, we are sure ThreadLocal // storage has not been altered and no Scrape has happend. The // SuperVersion is still current. return true; } else { // ThreadLocal scrape happened in the process of this GetImpl call (after // thread local Swap() at the beginning and before CompareAndSwap()). // This means the SuperVersion it holds is obsolete. assert(expected == SuperVersion::kSVObsolete); } return false; } SuperVersion* ColumnFamilyData::InstallSuperVersion( SuperVersion* new_superversion, port::Mutex* db_mutex) { db_mutex->AssertHeld(); return InstallSuperVersion(new_superversion, db_mutex, mutable_cf_options_); } SuperVersion* ColumnFamilyData::InstallSuperVersion( SuperVersion* new_superversion, port::Mutex* db_mutex, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options) { new_superversion->db_mutex = db_mutex; new_superversion->mutable_cf_options = mutable_cf_options; new_superversion->Init(mem_, imm_.current(), current_); SuperVersion* old_superversion = super_version_; super_version_ = new_superversion; ++super_version_number_; super_version_->version_number = super_version_number_; // Reset SuperVersions cached in thread local storage ResetThreadLocalSuperVersions(); RecalculateWriteStallConditions(mutable_cf_options); if (old_superversion != nullptr && old_superversion->Unref()) { old_superversion->Cleanup(); return old_superversion; // will let caller delete outside of mutex } return nullptr; } void ColumnFamilyData::ResetThreadLocalSuperVersions() { autovector sv_ptrs; local_sv_->Scrape(&sv_ptrs, SuperVersion::kSVObsolete); for (auto ptr : sv_ptrs) { assert(ptr); if (ptr == SuperVersion::kSVInUse) { continue; } auto sv = static_cast(ptr); if (sv->Unref()) { sv->Cleanup(); delete sv; } } } bool ColumnFamilyData::SetOptions( const std::unordered_map& options_map) { MutableCFOptions new_mutable_cf_options; if (GetMutableOptionsFromStrings(mutable_cf_options_, options_map, &new_mutable_cf_options)) { mutable_cf_options_ = new_mutable_cf_options; mutable_cf_options_.RefreshDerivedOptions(ioptions_); return true; } return false; } ColumnFamilySet::ColumnFamilySet(const std::string& dbname, const DBOptions* db_options, const EnvOptions& env_options, Cache* table_cache, WriteController* write_controller) : max_column_family_(0), dummy_cfd_(new ColumnFamilyData(0, "", nullptr, nullptr, ColumnFamilyOptions(), db_options, env_options, nullptr)), default_cfd_cache_(nullptr), db_name_(dbname), db_options_(db_options), env_options_(env_options), table_cache_(table_cache), write_controller_(write_controller), spin_lock_(ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT) { // initialize linked list dummy_cfd_->prev_ = dummy_cfd_; dummy_cfd_->next_ = dummy_cfd_; } ColumnFamilySet::~ColumnFamilySet() { while (column_family_data_.size() > 0) { // cfd destructor will delete itself from column_family_data_ auto cfd = column_family_data_.begin()->second; cfd->Unref(); delete cfd; } dummy_cfd_->Unref(); delete dummy_cfd_; } ColumnFamilyData* ColumnFamilySet::GetDefault() const { assert(default_cfd_cache_ != nullptr); return default_cfd_cache_; } ColumnFamilyData* ColumnFamilySet::GetColumnFamily(uint32_t id) const { auto cfd_iter = column_family_data_.find(id); if (cfd_iter != column_family_data_.end()) { return cfd_iter->second; } else { return nullptr; } } ColumnFamilyData* ColumnFamilySet::GetColumnFamily(const std::string& name) const { auto cfd_iter = column_families_.find(name); if (cfd_iter != column_families_.end()) { auto cfd = GetColumnFamily(cfd_iter->second); assert(cfd != nullptr); return cfd; } else { return nullptr; } } uint32_t ColumnFamilySet::GetNextColumnFamilyID() { return ++max_column_family_; } uint32_t ColumnFamilySet::GetMaxColumnFamily() { return max_column_family_; } void ColumnFamilySet::UpdateMaxColumnFamily(uint32_t new_max_column_family) { max_column_family_ = std::max(new_max_column_family, max_column_family_); } size_t ColumnFamilySet::NumberOfColumnFamilies() const { return column_families_.size(); } // under a DB mutex ColumnFamilyData* ColumnFamilySet::CreateColumnFamily( const std::string& name, uint32_t id, Version* dummy_versions, const ColumnFamilyOptions& options) { assert(column_families_.find(name) == column_families_.end()); ColumnFamilyData* new_cfd = new ColumnFamilyData(id, name, dummy_versions, table_cache_, options, db_options_, env_options_, this); Lock(); column_families_.insert({name, id}); column_family_data_.insert({id, new_cfd}); Unlock(); max_column_family_ = std::max(max_column_family_, id); // add to linked list new_cfd->next_ = dummy_cfd_; auto prev = dummy_cfd_->prev_; new_cfd->prev_ = prev; prev->next_ = new_cfd; dummy_cfd_->prev_ = new_cfd; if (id == 0) { default_cfd_cache_ = new_cfd; } return new_cfd; } void ColumnFamilySet::Lock() { // spin lock while (spin_lock_.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire)) { } } void ColumnFamilySet::Unlock() { spin_lock_.clear(std::memory_order_release); } // REQUIRES: DB mutex held void ColumnFamilySet::FreeDeadColumnFamilies() { autovector to_delete; for (auto cfd = dummy_cfd_->next_; cfd != dummy_cfd_; cfd = cfd->next_) { if (cfd->refs_ == 0) { to_delete.push_back(cfd); } } for (auto cfd : to_delete) { // this is very rare, so it's not a problem that we do it under a mutex delete cfd; } } // under a DB mutex void ColumnFamilySet::RemoveColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) { auto cfd_iter = column_family_data_.find(cfd->GetID()); assert(cfd_iter != column_family_data_.end()); Lock(); column_family_data_.erase(cfd_iter); column_families_.erase(cfd->GetName()); Unlock(); } bool ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl::Seek(uint32_t column_family_id) { if (column_family_id == 0) { // optimization for common case current_ = column_family_set_->GetDefault(); } else { // maybe outside of db mutex, should lock column_family_set_->Lock(); current_ = column_family_set_->GetColumnFamily(column_family_id); column_family_set_->Unlock(); // TODO(icanadi) Maybe remove column family from the hash table when it's // dropped? if (current_ != nullptr && current_->IsDropped()) { current_ = nullptr; } } handle_.SetCFD(current_); return current_ != nullptr; } uint64_t ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl::GetLogNumber() const { assert(current_ != nullptr); return current_->GetLogNumber(); } MemTable* ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl::GetMemTable() const { assert(current_ != nullptr); return current_->mem(); } const Options* ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl::GetOptions() const { assert(current_ != nullptr); return current_->options(); } ColumnFamilyHandle* ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl::GetColumnFamilyHandle() { assert(current_ != nullptr); return &handle_; } void ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl::CheckMemtableFull() { if (current_ != nullptr && current_->mem()->ShouldScheduleFlush()) { flush_scheduler_->ScheduleFlush(current_); current_->mem()->MarkFlushScheduled(); } } uint32_t GetColumnFamilyID(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) { uint32_t column_family_id = 0; if (column_family != nullptr) { auto cfh = reinterpret_cast(column_family); column_family_id = cfh->GetID(); } return column_family_id; } const Comparator* GetColumnFamilyUserComparator( ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family) { if (column_family != nullptr) { auto cfh = reinterpret_cast(column_family); return cfh->user_comparator(); } return nullptr; } } // namespace rocksdb