// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved. // This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the // COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License // (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). // // Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors. #ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS #define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS #endif #ifndef GFLAGS #include int main() { fprintf(stderr, "Please install gflags to run rocksdb tools\n"); return 1; } #else #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "db/dbformat.h" #include "db/memtable.h" #include "memory/arena.h" #include "port/port.h" #include "port/stack_trace.h" #include "rocksdb/comparator.h" #include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h" #include "rocksdb/options.h" #include "rocksdb/slice_transform.h" #include "rocksdb/write_buffer_manager.h" #include "test_util/testutil.h" #include "util/gflags_compat.h" #include "util/mutexlock.h" #include "util/stop_watch.h" using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ParseCommandLineFlags; using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::RegisterFlagValidator; using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::SetUsageMessage; DEFINE_string(benchmarks, "fillrandom", "Comma-separated list of benchmarks to run. Options:\n" "\tfillrandom -- write N random values\n" "\tfillseq -- write N values in sequential order\n" "\treadrandom -- read N values in random order\n" "\treadseq -- scan the DB\n" "\treadwrite -- 1 thread writes while N - 1 threads " "do random\n" "\t reads\n" "\tseqreadwrite -- 1 thread writes while N - 1 threads " "do scans\n"); DEFINE_string(memtablerep, "skiplist", "Which implementation of memtablerep to use. See " "include/memtablerep.h for\n" " more details. Options:\n" "\tskiplist -- backed by a skiplist\n" "\tvector -- backed by an std::vector\n" "\thashskiplist -- backed by a hash skip list\n" "\thashlinklist -- backed by a hash linked list\n" "\tcuckoo -- backed by a cuckoo hash table"); DEFINE_int64(bucket_count, 1000000, "bucket_count parameter to pass into NewHashSkiplistRepFactory or " "NewHashLinkListRepFactory"); DEFINE_int32( hashskiplist_height, 4, "skiplist_height parameter to pass into NewHashSkiplistRepFactory"); DEFINE_int32( hashskiplist_branching_factor, 4, "branching_factor parameter to pass into NewHashSkiplistRepFactory"); DEFINE_int32( huge_page_tlb_size, 0, "huge_page_tlb_size parameter to pass into NewHashLinkListRepFactory"); DEFINE_int32(bucket_entries_logging_threshold, 4096, "bucket_entries_logging_threshold parameter to pass into " "NewHashLinkListRepFactory"); DEFINE_bool(if_log_bucket_dist_when_flash, true, "if_log_bucket_dist_when_flash parameter to pass into " "NewHashLinkListRepFactory"); DEFINE_int32( threshold_use_skiplist, 256, "threshold_use_skiplist parameter to pass into NewHashLinkListRepFactory"); DEFINE_int64(write_buffer_size, 256, "write_buffer_size parameter to pass into WriteBufferManager"); DEFINE_int32( num_threads, 1, "Number of concurrent threads to run. If the benchmark includes writes,\n" "then at most one thread will be a writer"); DEFINE_int32(num_operations, 1000000, "Number of operations to do for write and random read benchmarks"); DEFINE_int32(num_scans, 10, "Number of times for each thread to scan the memtablerep for " "sequential read " "benchmarks"); DEFINE_int32(item_size, 100, "Number of bytes each item should be"); DEFINE_int32(prefix_length, 8, "Prefix length to pass into NewFixedPrefixTransform"); /* VectorRep settings */ DEFINE_int64(vectorrep_count, 0, "Number of entries to reserve on VectorRep initialization"); DEFINE_int64(seed, 0, "Seed base for random number generators. " "When 0 it is deterministic."); namespace rocksdb { namespace { struct CallbackVerifyArgs { bool found; LookupKey* key; MemTableRep* table; InternalKeyComparator* comparator; }; } // namespace // Helper for quickly generating random data. class RandomGenerator { private: std::string data_; unsigned int pos_; public: RandomGenerator() { Random rnd(301); auto size = (unsigned)std::max(1048576, FLAGS_item_size); test::RandomString(&rnd, size, &data_); pos_ = 0; } Slice Generate(unsigned int len) { assert(len <= data_.size()); if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) { pos_ = 0; } pos_ += len; return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len); } }; enum WriteMode { SEQUENTIAL, RANDOM, UNIQUE_RANDOM }; class KeyGenerator { public: KeyGenerator(Random64* rand, WriteMode mode, uint64_t num) : rand_(rand), mode_(mode), num_(num), next_(0) { if (mode_ == UNIQUE_RANDOM) { // NOTE: if memory consumption of this approach becomes a concern, // we can either break it into pieces and only random shuffle a section // each time. Alternatively, use a bit map implementation // (https://reviews.facebook.net/differential/diff/54627/) values_.resize(num_); for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_; ++i) { values_[i] = i; } std::shuffle( values_.begin(), values_.end(), std::default_random_engine(static_cast(FLAGS_seed))); } } uint64_t Next() { switch (mode_) { case SEQUENTIAL: return next_++; case RANDOM: return rand_->Next() % num_; case UNIQUE_RANDOM: return values_[next_++]; } assert(false); return std::numeric_limits::max(); } private: Random64* rand_; WriteMode mode_; const uint64_t num_; uint64_t next_; std::vector values_; }; class BenchmarkThread { public: explicit BenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits) : table_(table), key_gen_(key_gen), bytes_written_(bytes_written), bytes_read_(bytes_read), sequence_(sequence), num_ops_(num_ops), read_hits_(read_hits) {} virtual void operator()() = 0; virtual ~BenchmarkThread() {} protected: MemTableRep* table_; KeyGenerator* key_gen_; uint64_t* bytes_written_; uint64_t* bytes_read_; uint64_t* sequence_; uint64_t num_ops_; uint64_t* read_hits_; RandomGenerator generator_; }; class FillBenchmarkThread : public BenchmarkThread { public: FillBenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits) : BenchmarkThread(table, key_gen, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence, num_ops, read_hits) {} void FillOne() { char* buf = nullptr; auto internal_key_size = 16; auto encoded_len = FLAGS_item_size + VarintLength(internal_key_size) + internal_key_size; KeyHandle handle = table_->Allocate(encoded_len, &buf); assert(buf != nullptr); char* p = EncodeVarint32(buf, internal_key_size); auto key = key_gen_->Next(); EncodeFixed64(p, key); p += 8; EncodeFixed64(p, ++(*sequence_)); p += 8; Slice bytes = generator_.Generate(FLAGS_item_size); memcpy(p, bytes.data(), FLAGS_item_size); p += FLAGS_item_size; assert(p == buf + encoded_len); table_->Insert(handle); *bytes_written_ += encoded_len; } void operator()() override { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_ops_; ++i) { FillOne(); } } }; class ConcurrentFillBenchmarkThread : public FillBenchmarkThread { public: ConcurrentFillBenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits, std::atomic_int* threads_done) : FillBenchmarkThread(table, key_gen, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence, num_ops, read_hits) { threads_done_ = threads_done; } void operator()() override { // # of read threads will be total threads - write threads (always 1). Loop // while all reads complete. while ((*threads_done_).load() < (FLAGS_num_threads - 1)) { FillOne(); } } private: std::atomic_int* threads_done_; }; class ReadBenchmarkThread : public BenchmarkThread { public: ReadBenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits) : BenchmarkThread(table, key_gen, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence, num_ops, read_hits) {} static bool callback(void* arg, const char* entry) { CallbackVerifyArgs* callback_args = static_cast(arg); assert(callback_args != nullptr); uint32_t key_length; const char* key_ptr = GetVarint32Ptr(entry, entry + 5, &key_length); if ((callback_args->comparator) ->user_comparator() ->Equal(Slice(key_ptr, key_length - 8), callback_args->key->user_key())) { callback_args->found = true; } return false; } void ReadOne() { std::string user_key; auto key = key_gen_->Next(); PutFixed64(&user_key, key); LookupKey lookup_key(user_key, *sequence_); InternalKeyComparator internal_key_comp(BytewiseComparator()); CallbackVerifyArgs verify_args; verify_args.found = false; verify_args.key = &lookup_key; verify_args.table = table_; verify_args.comparator = &internal_key_comp; table_->Get(lookup_key, &verify_args, callback); if (verify_args.found) { *bytes_read_ += VarintLength(16) + 16 + FLAGS_item_size; ++*read_hits_; } } void operator()() override { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_ops_; ++i) { ReadOne(); } } }; class SeqReadBenchmarkThread : public BenchmarkThread { public: SeqReadBenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits) : BenchmarkThread(table, key_gen, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence, num_ops, read_hits) {} void ReadOneSeq() { std::unique_ptr iter(table_->GetIterator()); for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) { // pretend to read the value *bytes_read_ += VarintLength(16) + 16 + FLAGS_item_size; } ++*read_hits_; } void operator()() override { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_ops_; ++i) { { ReadOneSeq(); } } } }; class ConcurrentReadBenchmarkThread : public ReadBenchmarkThread { public: ConcurrentReadBenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits, std::atomic_int* threads_done) : ReadBenchmarkThread(table, key_gen, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence, num_ops, read_hits) { threads_done_ = threads_done; } void operator()() override { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_ops_; ++i) { ReadOne(); } ++*threads_done_; } private: std::atomic_int* threads_done_; }; class SeqConcurrentReadBenchmarkThread : public SeqReadBenchmarkThread { public: SeqConcurrentReadBenchmarkThread(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, uint64_t* sequence, uint64_t num_ops, uint64_t* read_hits, std::atomic_int* threads_done) : SeqReadBenchmarkThread(table, key_gen, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence, num_ops, read_hits) { threads_done_ = threads_done; } void operator()() override { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_ops_; ++i) { ReadOneSeq(); } ++*threads_done_; } private: std::atomic_int* threads_done_; }; class Benchmark { public: explicit Benchmark(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* sequence, uint32_t num_threads) : table_(table), key_gen_(key_gen), sequence_(sequence), num_threads_(num_threads) {} virtual ~Benchmark() {} virtual void Run() { std::cout << "Number of threads: " << num_threads_ << std::endl; std::vector threads; uint64_t bytes_written = 0; uint64_t bytes_read = 0; uint64_t read_hits = 0; StopWatchNano timer(Env::Default(), true); RunThreads(&threads, &bytes_written, &bytes_read, true, &read_hits); auto elapsed_time = static_cast(timer.ElapsedNanos() / 1000); std::cout << "Elapsed time: " << static_cast(elapsed_time) << " us" << std::endl; if (bytes_written > 0) { auto MiB_written = static_cast(bytes_written) / (1 << 20); auto write_throughput = MiB_written / (elapsed_time / 1000000); std::cout << "Total bytes written: " << MiB_written << " MiB" << std::endl; std::cout << "Write throughput: " << write_throughput << " MiB/s" << std::endl; auto us_per_op = elapsed_time / num_write_ops_per_thread_; std::cout << "write us/op: " << us_per_op << std::endl; } if (bytes_read > 0) { auto MiB_read = static_cast(bytes_read) / (1 << 20); auto read_throughput = MiB_read / (elapsed_time / 1000000); std::cout << "Total bytes read: " << MiB_read << " MiB" << std::endl; std::cout << "Read throughput: " << read_throughput << " MiB/s" << std::endl; auto us_per_op = elapsed_time / num_read_ops_per_thread_; std::cout << "read us/op: " << us_per_op << std::endl; } } virtual void RunThreads(std::vector* threads, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, bool write, uint64_t* read_hits) = 0; protected: MemTableRep* table_; KeyGenerator* key_gen_; uint64_t* sequence_; uint64_t num_write_ops_per_thread_; uint64_t num_read_ops_per_thread_; const uint32_t num_threads_; }; class FillBenchmark : public Benchmark { public: explicit FillBenchmark(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* sequence) : Benchmark(table, key_gen, sequence, 1) { num_write_ops_per_thread_ = FLAGS_num_operations; } void RunThreads(std::vector* /*threads*/, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, bool /*write*/, uint64_t* read_hits) override { FillBenchmarkThread(table_, key_gen_, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence_, num_write_ops_per_thread_, read_hits)(); } }; class ReadBenchmark : public Benchmark { public: explicit ReadBenchmark(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* sequence) : Benchmark(table, key_gen, sequence, FLAGS_num_threads) { num_read_ops_per_thread_ = FLAGS_num_operations / FLAGS_num_threads; } void RunThreads(std::vector* threads, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, bool /*write*/, uint64_t* read_hits) override { for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_num_threads; ++i) { threads->emplace_back( ReadBenchmarkThread(table_, key_gen_, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence_, num_read_ops_per_thread_, read_hits)); } for (auto& thread : *threads) { thread.join(); } std::cout << "read hit%: " << (static_cast(*read_hits) / FLAGS_num_operations) * 100 << std::endl; } }; class SeqReadBenchmark : public Benchmark { public: explicit SeqReadBenchmark(MemTableRep* table, uint64_t* sequence) : Benchmark(table, nullptr, sequence, FLAGS_num_threads) { num_read_ops_per_thread_ = FLAGS_num_scans; } void RunThreads(std::vector* threads, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, bool /*write*/, uint64_t* read_hits) override { for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_num_threads; ++i) { threads->emplace_back(SeqReadBenchmarkThread( table_, key_gen_, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence_, num_read_ops_per_thread_, read_hits)); } for (auto& thread : *threads) { thread.join(); } } }; template class ReadWriteBenchmark : public Benchmark { public: explicit ReadWriteBenchmark(MemTableRep* table, KeyGenerator* key_gen, uint64_t* sequence) : Benchmark(table, key_gen, sequence, FLAGS_num_threads) { num_read_ops_per_thread_ = FLAGS_num_threads <= 1 ? 0 : (FLAGS_num_operations / (FLAGS_num_threads - 1)); num_write_ops_per_thread_ = FLAGS_num_operations; } void RunThreads(std::vector* threads, uint64_t* bytes_written, uint64_t* bytes_read, bool /*write*/, uint64_t* read_hits) override { std::atomic_int threads_done; threads_done.store(0); threads->emplace_back(ConcurrentFillBenchmarkThread( table_, key_gen_, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence_, num_write_ops_per_thread_, read_hits, &threads_done)); for (int i = 1; i < FLAGS_num_threads; ++i) { threads->emplace_back( ReadThreadType(table_, key_gen_, bytes_written, bytes_read, sequence_, num_read_ops_per_thread_, read_hits, &threads_done)); } for (auto& thread : *threads) { thread.join(); } } }; } // namespace rocksdb void PrintWarnings() { #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__) fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"); #endif #ifndef NDEBUG fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"); #endif } int main(int argc, char** argv) { rocksdb::port::InstallStackTraceHandler(); SetUsageMessage(std::string("\nUSAGE:\n") + std::string(argv[0]) + " [OPTIONS]..."); ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true); PrintWarnings(); rocksdb::Options options; std::unique_ptr factory; if (FLAGS_memtablerep == "skiplist") { factory.reset(new rocksdb::SkipListFactory); #ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE } else if (FLAGS_memtablerep == "vector") { factory.reset(new rocksdb::VectorRepFactory); } else if (FLAGS_memtablerep == "hashskiplist") { factory.reset(rocksdb::NewHashSkipListRepFactory( FLAGS_bucket_count, FLAGS_hashskiplist_height, FLAGS_hashskiplist_branching_factor)); options.prefix_extractor.reset( rocksdb::NewFixedPrefixTransform(FLAGS_prefix_length)); } else if (FLAGS_memtablerep == "hashlinklist") { factory.reset(rocksdb::NewHashLinkListRepFactory( FLAGS_bucket_count, FLAGS_huge_page_tlb_size, FLAGS_bucket_entries_logging_threshold, FLAGS_if_log_bucket_dist_when_flash, FLAGS_threshold_use_skiplist)); options.prefix_extractor.reset( rocksdb::NewFixedPrefixTransform(FLAGS_prefix_length)); #endif // ROCKSDB_LITE } else { fprintf(stdout, "Unknown memtablerep: %s\n", FLAGS_memtablerep.c_str()); exit(1); } rocksdb::InternalKeyComparator internal_key_comp( rocksdb::BytewiseComparator()); rocksdb::MemTable::KeyComparator key_comp(internal_key_comp); rocksdb::Arena arena; rocksdb::WriteBufferManager wb(FLAGS_write_buffer_size); uint64_t sequence; auto createMemtableRep = [&] { sequence = 0; return factory->CreateMemTableRep(key_comp, &arena, options.prefix_extractor.get(), options.info_log.get()); }; std::unique_ptr memtablerep; rocksdb::Random64 rng(FLAGS_seed); const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks.c_str(); while (benchmarks != nullptr) { std::unique_ptr key_gen; const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ','); rocksdb::Slice name; if (sep == nullptr) { name = benchmarks; benchmarks = nullptr; } else { name = rocksdb::Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks); benchmarks = sep + 1; } std::unique_ptr benchmark; if (name == rocksdb::Slice("fillseq")) { memtablerep.reset(createMemtableRep()); key_gen.reset(new rocksdb::KeyGenerator(&rng, rocksdb::SEQUENTIAL, FLAGS_num_operations)); benchmark.reset(new rocksdb::FillBenchmark(memtablerep.get(), key_gen.get(), &sequence)); } else if (name == rocksdb::Slice("fillrandom")) { memtablerep.reset(createMemtableRep()); key_gen.reset(new rocksdb::KeyGenerator(&rng, rocksdb::UNIQUE_RANDOM, FLAGS_num_operations)); benchmark.reset(new rocksdb::FillBenchmark(memtablerep.get(), key_gen.get(), &sequence)); } else if (name == rocksdb::Slice("readrandom")) { key_gen.reset(new rocksdb::KeyGenerator(&rng, rocksdb::RANDOM, FLAGS_num_operations)); benchmark.reset(new rocksdb::ReadBenchmark(memtablerep.get(), key_gen.get(), &sequence)); } else if (name == rocksdb::Slice("readseq")) { key_gen.reset(new rocksdb::KeyGenerator(&rng, rocksdb::SEQUENTIAL, FLAGS_num_operations)); benchmark.reset( new rocksdb::SeqReadBenchmark(memtablerep.get(), &sequence)); } else if (name == rocksdb::Slice("readwrite")) { memtablerep.reset(createMemtableRep()); key_gen.reset(new rocksdb::KeyGenerator(&rng, rocksdb::RANDOM, FLAGS_num_operations)); benchmark.reset(new rocksdb::ReadWriteBenchmark< rocksdb::ConcurrentReadBenchmarkThread>(memtablerep.get(), key_gen.get(), &sequence)); } else if (name == rocksdb::Slice("seqreadwrite")) { memtablerep.reset(createMemtableRep()); key_gen.reset(new rocksdb::KeyGenerator(&rng, rocksdb::RANDOM, FLAGS_num_operations)); benchmark.reset(new rocksdb::ReadWriteBenchmark< rocksdb::SeqConcurrentReadBenchmarkThread>(memtablerep.get(), key_gen.get(), &sequence)); } else { std::cout << "WARNING: skipping unknown benchmark '" << name.ToString() << std::endl; continue; } std::cout << "Running " << name.ToString() << std::endl; benchmark->Run(); } return 0; } #endif // GFLAGS