// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved. // This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the // COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License // (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). // // Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors. #include "table/block_based/block_based_table_builder.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "db/dbformat.h" #include "index_builder.h" #include "rocksdb/cache.h" #include "rocksdb/comparator.h" #include "rocksdb/env.h" #include "rocksdb/filter_policy.h" #include "rocksdb/flush_block_policy.h" #include "rocksdb/merge_operator.h" #include "rocksdb/table.h" #include "table/block_based/block.h" #include "table/block_based/block_based_table_factory.h" #include "table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h" #include "table/block_based/block_based_filter_block.h" #include "table/block_based/block_builder.h" #include "table/block_based/filter_block.h" #include "table/block_based/full_filter_block.h" #include "table/block_based/partitioned_filter_block.h" #include "table/format.h" #include "table/table_builder.h" #include "util/coding.h" #include "util/compression.h" #include "util/crc32c.h" #include "util/memory_allocator.h" #include "util/stop_watch.h" #include "util/string_util.h" #include "util/xxhash.h" namespace rocksdb { extern const std::string kHashIndexPrefixesBlock; extern const std::string kHashIndexPrefixesMetadataBlock; typedef BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType IndexType; // Without anonymous namespace here, we fail the warning -Wmissing-prototypes namespace { // Create a filter block builder based on its type. FilterBlockBuilder* CreateFilterBlockBuilder( const ImmutableCFOptions& /*opt*/, const MutableCFOptions& mopt, const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_opt, const bool use_delta_encoding_for_index_values, PartitionedIndexBuilder* const p_index_builder) { if (table_opt.filter_policy == nullptr) return nullptr; FilterBitsBuilder* filter_bits_builder = table_opt.filter_policy->GetFilterBitsBuilder(); if (filter_bits_builder == nullptr) { return new BlockBasedFilterBlockBuilder(mopt.prefix_extractor.get(), table_opt); } else { if (table_opt.partition_filters) { assert(p_index_builder != nullptr); // Since after partition cut request from filter builder it takes time // until index builder actully cuts the partition, we take the lower bound // as partition size. assert(table_opt.block_size_deviation <= 100); auto partition_size = static_cast(((table_opt.metadata_block_size * (100 - table_opt.block_size_deviation)) + 99) / 100); partition_size = std::max(partition_size, static_cast(1)); return new PartitionedFilterBlockBuilder( mopt.prefix_extractor.get(), table_opt.whole_key_filtering, filter_bits_builder, table_opt.index_block_restart_interval, use_delta_encoding_for_index_values, p_index_builder, partition_size); } else { return new FullFilterBlockBuilder(mopt.prefix_extractor.get(), table_opt.whole_key_filtering, filter_bits_builder); } } } bool GoodCompressionRatio(size_t compressed_size, size_t raw_size) { // Check to see if compressed less than 12.5% return compressed_size < raw_size - (raw_size / 8u); } bool CompressBlockInternal(const Slice& raw, const CompressionInfo& compression_info, uint32_t format_version, std::string* compressed_output) { // Will return compressed block contents if (1) the compression method is // supported in this platform and (2) the compression rate is "good enough". switch (compression_info.type()) { case kSnappyCompression: return Snappy_Compress(compression_info, raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); case kZlibCompression: return Zlib_Compress( compression_info, GetCompressFormatForVersion(kZlibCompression, format_version), raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); case kBZip2Compression: return BZip2_Compress( compression_info, GetCompressFormatForVersion(kBZip2Compression, format_version), raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); case kLZ4Compression: return LZ4_Compress( compression_info, GetCompressFormatForVersion(kLZ4Compression, format_version), raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); case kLZ4HCCompression: return LZ4HC_Compress( compression_info, GetCompressFormatForVersion(kLZ4HCCompression, format_version), raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); case kXpressCompression: return XPRESS_Compress(raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); case kZSTD: case kZSTDNotFinalCompression: return ZSTD_Compress(compression_info, raw.data(), raw.size(), compressed_output); default: // Do not recognize this compression type return false; } } } // namespace // format_version is the block format as defined in include/rocksdb/table.h Slice CompressBlock(const Slice& raw, const CompressionInfo& info, CompressionType* type, uint32_t format_version, bool do_sample, std::string* compressed_output, std::string* sampled_output_fast, std::string* sampled_output_slow) { *type = info.type(); if (info.type() == kNoCompression && !info.SampleForCompression()) { return raw; } // If requested, we sample one in every N block with a // fast and slow compression algorithm and report the stats. // The users can use these stats to decide if it is worthwhile // enabling compression and they also get a hint about which // compression algorithm wil be beneficial. if (do_sample && info.SampleForCompression() && Random::GetTLSInstance()->OneIn((int)info.SampleForCompression()) && sampled_output_fast && sampled_output_slow) { // Sampling with a fast compression algorithm if (LZ4_Supported() || Snappy_Supported()) { CompressionType c = LZ4_Supported() ? kLZ4Compression : kSnappyCompression; CompressionContext context(c); CompressionOptions options; CompressionInfo info_tmp(options, context, CompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), c, info.SampleForCompression()); CompressBlockInternal(raw, info_tmp, format_version, sampled_output_fast); } // Sampling with a slow but high-compression algorithm if (ZSTD_Supported() || Zlib_Supported()) { CompressionType c = ZSTD_Supported() ? kZSTD : kZlibCompression; CompressionContext context(c); CompressionOptions options; CompressionInfo info_tmp(options, context, CompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), c, info.SampleForCompression()); CompressBlockInternal(raw, info_tmp, format_version, sampled_output_slow); } } // Actually compress the data if (*type != kNoCompression) { if (CompressBlockInternal(raw, info, format_version, compressed_output) && GoodCompressionRatio(compressed_output->size(), raw.size())) { return *compressed_output; } } // Compression method is not supported, or not good // compression ratio, so just fall back to uncompressed form. *type = kNoCompression; return raw; } // kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber was picked by running // echo rocksdb.table.block_based | sha1sum // and taking the leading 64 bits. // Please note that kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber may also be accessed by other // .cc files // for that reason we declare it extern in the header but to get the space // allocated // it must be not extern in one place. const uint64_t kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber = 0x88e241b785f4cff7ull; // We also support reading and writing legacy block based table format (for // backwards compatibility) const uint64_t kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber = 0xdb4775248b80fb57ull; // A collector that collects properties of interest to block-based table. // For now this class looks heavy-weight since we only write one additional // property. // But in the foreseeable future, we will add more and more properties that are // specific to block-based table. class BlockBasedTableBuilder::BlockBasedTablePropertiesCollector : public IntTblPropCollector { public: explicit BlockBasedTablePropertiesCollector( BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType index_type, bool whole_key_filtering, bool prefix_filtering) : index_type_(index_type), whole_key_filtering_(whole_key_filtering), prefix_filtering_(prefix_filtering) {} Status InternalAdd(const Slice& /*key*/, const Slice& /*value*/, uint64_t /*file_size*/) override { // Intentionally left blank. Have no interest in collecting stats for // individual key/value pairs. return Status::OK(); } virtual void BlockAdd(uint64_t /* blockRawBytes */, uint64_t /* blockCompressedBytesFast */, uint64_t /* blockCompressedBytesSlow */) override { // Intentionally left blank. No interest in collecting stats for // blocks. return; } Status Finish(UserCollectedProperties* properties) override { std::string val; PutFixed32(&val, static_cast(index_type_)); properties->insert({BlockBasedTablePropertyNames::kIndexType, val}); properties->insert({BlockBasedTablePropertyNames::kWholeKeyFiltering, whole_key_filtering_ ? kPropTrue : kPropFalse}); properties->insert({BlockBasedTablePropertyNames::kPrefixFiltering, prefix_filtering_ ? kPropTrue : kPropFalse}); return Status::OK(); } // The name of the properties collector can be used for debugging purpose. const char* Name() const override { return "BlockBasedTablePropertiesCollector"; } UserCollectedProperties GetReadableProperties() const override { // Intentionally left blank. return UserCollectedProperties(); } private: BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType index_type_; bool whole_key_filtering_; bool prefix_filtering_; }; struct BlockBasedTableBuilder::Rep { const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions; const MutableCFOptions moptions; const BlockBasedTableOptions table_options; const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator; WritableFileWriter* file; uint64_t offset = 0; Status status; size_t alignment; BlockBuilder data_block; // Buffers uncompressed data blocks and keys to replay later. Needed when // compression dictionary is enabled so we can finalize the dictionary before // compressing any data blocks. // TODO(ajkr): ideally we don't buffer all keys and all uncompressed data // blocks as it's redundant, but it's easier to implement for now. std::vector>> data_block_and_keys_buffers; BlockBuilder range_del_block; InternalKeySliceTransform internal_prefix_transform; std::unique_ptr index_builder; PartitionedIndexBuilder* p_index_builder_ = nullptr; std::string last_key; CompressionType compression_type; uint64_t sample_for_compression; CompressionOptions compression_opts; std::unique_ptr compression_dict; CompressionContext compression_ctx; std::unique_ptr verify_ctx; std::unique_ptr verify_dict; size_t data_begin_offset = 0; TableProperties props; // States of the builder. // // - `kBuffered`: This is the initial state where zero or more data blocks are // accumulated uncompressed in-memory. From this state, call // `EnterUnbuffered()` to finalize the compression dictionary if enabled, // compress/write out any buffered blocks, and proceed to the `kUnbuffered` // state. // // - `kUnbuffered`: This is the state when compression dictionary is finalized // either because it wasn't enabled in the first place or it's been created // from sampling previously buffered data. In this state, blocks are simply // compressed/written out as they fill up. From this state, call `Finish()` // to complete the file (write meta-blocks, etc.), or `Abandon()` to delete // the partially created file. // // - `kClosed`: This indicates either `Finish()` or `Abandon()` has been // called, so the table builder is no longer usable. We must be in this // state by the time the destructor runs. enum class State { kBuffered, kUnbuffered, kClosed, }; State state; const bool use_delta_encoding_for_index_values; std::unique_ptr filter_builder; char compressed_cache_key_prefix[BlockBasedTable::kMaxCacheKeyPrefixSize]; size_t compressed_cache_key_prefix_size; BlockHandle pending_handle; // Handle to add to index block std::string compressed_output; std::unique_ptr flush_block_policy; uint32_t column_family_id; const std::string& column_family_name; uint64_t creation_time = 0; uint64_t oldest_key_time = 0; const uint64_t target_file_size; uint64_t file_creation_time = 0; std::vector> table_properties_collectors; Rep(const ImmutableCFOptions& _ioptions, const MutableCFOptions& _moptions, const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_opt, const InternalKeyComparator& icomparator, const std::vector>* int_tbl_prop_collector_factories, uint32_t _column_family_id, WritableFileWriter* f, const CompressionType _compression_type, const uint64_t _sample_for_compression, const CompressionOptions& _compression_opts, const bool skip_filters, const std::string& _column_family_name, const uint64_t _creation_time, const uint64_t _oldest_key_time, const uint64_t _target_file_size, const uint64_t _file_creation_time) : ioptions(_ioptions), moptions(_moptions), table_options(table_opt), internal_comparator(icomparator), file(f), alignment(table_options.block_align ? std::min(table_options.block_size, kDefaultPageSize) : 0), data_block(table_options.block_restart_interval, table_options.use_delta_encoding, false /* use_value_delta_encoding */, icomparator.user_comparator() ->CanKeysWithDifferentByteContentsBeEqual() ? BlockBasedTableOptions::kDataBlockBinarySearch : table_options.data_block_index_type, table_options.data_block_hash_table_util_ratio), range_del_block(1 /* block_restart_interval */), internal_prefix_transform(_moptions.prefix_extractor.get()), compression_type(_compression_type), sample_for_compression(_sample_for_compression), compression_opts(_compression_opts), compression_dict(), compression_ctx(_compression_type), verify_dict(), state((_compression_opts.max_dict_bytes > 0) ? State::kBuffered : State::kUnbuffered), use_delta_encoding_for_index_values(table_opt.format_version >= 4 && !table_opt.block_align), compressed_cache_key_prefix_size(0), flush_block_policy( table_options.flush_block_policy_factory->NewFlushBlockPolicy( table_options, data_block)), column_family_id(_column_family_id), column_family_name(_column_family_name), creation_time(_creation_time), oldest_key_time(_oldest_key_time), target_file_size(_target_file_size), file_creation_time(_file_creation_time) { if (table_options.index_type == BlockBasedTableOptions::kTwoLevelIndexSearch) { p_index_builder_ = PartitionedIndexBuilder::CreateIndexBuilder( &internal_comparator, use_delta_encoding_for_index_values, table_options); index_builder.reset(p_index_builder_); } else { index_builder.reset(IndexBuilder::CreateIndexBuilder( table_options.index_type, &internal_comparator, &this->internal_prefix_transform, use_delta_encoding_for_index_values, table_options)); } if (skip_filters) { filter_builder = nullptr; } else { filter_builder.reset(CreateFilterBlockBuilder( _ioptions, _moptions, table_options, use_delta_encoding_for_index_values, p_index_builder_)); } for (auto& collector_factories : *int_tbl_prop_collector_factories) { table_properties_collectors.emplace_back( collector_factories->CreateIntTblPropCollector(column_family_id)); } table_properties_collectors.emplace_back( new BlockBasedTablePropertiesCollector( table_options.index_type, table_options.whole_key_filtering, _moptions.prefix_extractor != nullptr)); if (table_options.verify_compression) { verify_ctx.reset(new UncompressionContext(UncompressionContext::NoCache(), compression_type)); } } Rep(const Rep&) = delete; Rep& operator=(const Rep&) = delete; ~Rep() {} }; BlockBasedTableBuilder::BlockBasedTableBuilder( const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions, const MutableCFOptions& moptions, const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options, const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator, const std::vector>* int_tbl_prop_collector_factories, uint32_t column_family_id, WritableFileWriter* file, const CompressionType compression_type, const uint64_t sample_for_compression, const CompressionOptions& compression_opts, const bool skip_filters, const std::string& column_family_name, const uint64_t creation_time, const uint64_t oldest_key_time, const uint64_t target_file_size, const uint64_t file_creation_time) { BlockBasedTableOptions sanitized_table_options(table_options); if (sanitized_table_options.format_version == 0 && sanitized_table_options.checksum != kCRC32c) { ROCKS_LOG_WARN( ioptions.info_log, "Silently converting format_version to 1 because checksum is " "non-default"); // silently convert format_version to 1 to keep consistent with current // behavior sanitized_table_options.format_version = 1; } rep_ = new Rep(ioptions, moptions, sanitized_table_options, internal_comparator, int_tbl_prop_collector_factories, column_family_id, file, compression_type, sample_for_compression, compression_opts, skip_filters, column_family_name, creation_time, oldest_key_time, target_file_size, file_creation_time); if (rep_->filter_builder != nullptr) { rep_->filter_builder->StartBlock(0); } if (table_options.block_cache_compressed.get() != nullptr) { BlockBasedTable::GenerateCachePrefix( table_options.block_cache_compressed.get(), file->writable_file(), &rep_->compressed_cache_key_prefix[0], &rep_->compressed_cache_key_prefix_size); } } BlockBasedTableBuilder::~BlockBasedTableBuilder() { // Catch errors where caller forgot to call Finish() assert(rep_->state == Rep::State::kClosed); delete rep_; } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::Add(const Slice& key, const Slice& value) { Rep* r = rep_; assert(rep_->state != Rep::State::kClosed); if (!ok()) return; ValueType value_type = ExtractValueType(key); if (IsValueType(value_type)) { #ifndef NDEBUG if (r->props.num_entries > r->props.num_range_deletions) { assert(r->internal_comparator.Compare(key, Slice(r->last_key)) > 0); } #endif // NDEBUG auto should_flush = r->flush_block_policy->Update(key, value); if (should_flush) { assert(!r->data_block.empty()); Flush(); if (r->state == Rep::State::kBuffered && r->data_begin_offset > r->target_file_size) { EnterUnbuffered(); } // Add item to index block. // We do not emit the index entry for a block until we have seen the // first key for the next data block. This allows us to use shorter // keys in the index block. For example, consider a block boundary // between the keys "the quick brown fox" and "the who". We can use // "the r" as the key for the index block entry since it is >= all // entries in the first block and < all entries in subsequent // blocks. if (ok() && r->state == Rep::State::kUnbuffered) { r->index_builder->AddIndexEntry(&r->last_key, &key, r->pending_handle); } } // Note: PartitionedFilterBlockBuilder requires key being added to filter // builder after being added to index builder. if (r->state == Rep::State::kUnbuffered && r->filter_builder != nullptr) { r->filter_builder->Add(ExtractUserKey(key)); } r->last_key.assign(key.data(), key.size()); r->data_block.Add(key, value); if (r->state == Rep::State::kBuffered) { // Buffer keys to be replayed during `Finish()` once compression // dictionary has been finalized. if (r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.empty() || should_flush) { r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.emplace_back(); } r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.back().second.emplace_back(key.ToString()); } else { r->index_builder->OnKeyAdded(key); } NotifyCollectTableCollectorsOnAdd(key, value, r->offset, r->table_properties_collectors, r->ioptions.info_log); } else if (value_type == kTypeRangeDeletion) { r->range_del_block.Add(key, value); NotifyCollectTableCollectorsOnAdd(key, value, r->offset, r->table_properties_collectors, r->ioptions.info_log); } else { assert(false); } r->props.num_entries++; r->props.raw_key_size += key.size(); r->props.raw_value_size += value.size(); if (value_type == kTypeDeletion || value_type == kTypeSingleDeletion) { r->props.num_deletions++; } else if (value_type == kTypeRangeDeletion) { r->props.num_deletions++; r->props.num_range_deletions++; } else if (value_type == kTypeMerge) { r->props.num_merge_operands++; } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::Flush() { Rep* r = rep_; assert(rep_->state != Rep::State::kClosed); if (!ok()) return; if (r->data_block.empty()) return; WriteBlock(&r->data_block, &r->pending_handle, true /* is_data_block */); } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteBlock(BlockBuilder* block, BlockHandle* handle, bool is_data_block) { WriteBlock(block->Finish(), handle, is_data_block); block->Reset(); } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteBlock(const Slice& raw_block_contents, BlockHandle* handle, bool is_data_block) { // File format contains a sequence of blocks where each block has: // block_data: uint8[n] // type: uint8 // crc: uint32 assert(ok()); Rep* r = rep_; auto type = r->compression_type; uint64_t sample_for_compression = r->sample_for_compression; Slice block_contents; bool abort_compression = false; StopWatchNano timer( r->ioptions.env, ShouldReportDetailedTime(r->ioptions.env, r->ioptions.statistics)); if (r->state == Rep::State::kBuffered) { assert(is_data_block); assert(!r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.empty()); r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.back().first = raw_block_contents.ToString(); r->data_begin_offset += r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.back().first.size(); return; } if (raw_block_contents.size() < kCompressionSizeLimit) { const CompressionDict* compression_dict; if (!is_data_block || r->compression_dict == nullptr) { compression_dict = &CompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(); } else { compression_dict = r->compression_dict.get(); } assert(compression_dict != nullptr); CompressionInfo compression_info(r->compression_opts, r->compression_ctx, *compression_dict, type, sample_for_compression); std::string sampled_output_fast; std::string sampled_output_slow; block_contents = CompressBlock( raw_block_contents, compression_info, &type, r->table_options.format_version, is_data_block /* do_sample */, &r->compressed_output, &sampled_output_fast, &sampled_output_slow); // notify collectors on block add NotifyCollectTableCollectorsOnBlockAdd( r->table_properties_collectors, raw_block_contents.size(), sampled_output_fast.size(), sampled_output_slow.size()); // Some of the compression algorithms are known to be unreliable. If // the verify_compression flag is set then try to de-compress the // compressed data and compare to the input. if (type != kNoCompression && r->table_options.verify_compression) { // Retrieve the uncompressed contents into a new buffer const UncompressionDict* verify_dict; if (!is_data_block || r->verify_dict == nullptr) { verify_dict = &UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(); } else { verify_dict = r->verify_dict.get(); } assert(verify_dict != nullptr); BlockContents contents; UncompressionInfo uncompression_info(*r->verify_ctx, *verify_dict, r->compression_type); Status stat = UncompressBlockContentsForCompressionType( uncompression_info, block_contents.data(), block_contents.size(), &contents, r->table_options.format_version, r->ioptions); if (stat.ok()) { bool compressed_ok = contents.data.compare(raw_block_contents) == 0; if (!compressed_ok) { // The result of the compression was invalid. abort. abort_compression = true; ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(r->ioptions.info_log, "Decompressed block did not match raw block"); r->status = Status::Corruption("Decompressed block did not match raw block"); } } else { // Decompression reported an error. abort. r->status = Status::Corruption("Could not decompress"); abort_compression = true; } } } else { // Block is too big to be compressed. abort_compression = true; } // Abort compression if the block is too big, or did not pass // verification. if (abort_compression) { RecordTick(r->ioptions.statistics, NUMBER_BLOCK_NOT_COMPRESSED); type = kNoCompression; block_contents = raw_block_contents; } else if (type != kNoCompression) { if (ShouldReportDetailedTime(r->ioptions.env, r->ioptions.statistics)) { RecordTimeToHistogram(r->ioptions.statistics, COMPRESSION_TIMES_NANOS, timer.ElapsedNanos()); } RecordInHistogram(r->ioptions.statistics, BYTES_COMPRESSED, raw_block_contents.size()); RecordTick(r->ioptions.statistics, NUMBER_BLOCK_COMPRESSED); } else if (type != r->compression_type) { RecordTick(r->ioptions.statistics, NUMBER_BLOCK_NOT_COMPRESSED); } WriteRawBlock(block_contents, type, handle, is_data_block); r->compressed_output.clear(); if (is_data_block) { if (r->filter_builder != nullptr) { r->filter_builder->StartBlock(r->offset); } r->props.data_size = r->offset; ++r->props.num_data_blocks; } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteRawBlock(const Slice& block_contents, CompressionType type, BlockHandle* handle, bool is_data_block) { Rep* r = rep_; StopWatch sw(r->ioptions.env, r->ioptions.statistics, WRITE_RAW_BLOCK_MICROS); handle->set_offset(r->offset); handle->set_size(block_contents.size()); assert(r->status.ok()); r->status = r->file->Append(block_contents); if (r->status.ok()) { char trailer[kBlockTrailerSize]; trailer[0] = type; char* trailer_without_type = trailer + 1; switch (r->table_options.checksum) { case kNoChecksum: EncodeFixed32(trailer_without_type, 0); break; case kCRC32c: { auto crc = crc32c::Value(block_contents.data(), block_contents.size()); crc = crc32c::Extend(crc, trailer, 1); // Extend to cover block type EncodeFixed32(trailer_without_type, crc32c::Mask(crc)); break; } case kxxHash: { void* xxh = XXH32_init(0); XXH32_update(xxh, block_contents.data(), static_cast(block_contents.size())); XXH32_update(xxh, trailer, 1); // Extend to cover block type EncodeFixed32(trailer_without_type, XXH32_digest(xxh)); break; } case kxxHash64: { XXH64_state_t* const state = XXH64_createState(); XXH64_reset(state, 0); XXH64_update(state, block_contents.data(), static_cast(block_contents.size())); XXH64_update(state, trailer, 1); // Extend to cover block type EncodeFixed32( trailer_without_type, static_cast(XXH64_digest(state) & // lower 32 bits uint64_t{0xffffffff})); XXH64_freeState(state); break; } } assert(r->status.ok()); TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK( "BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteRawBlock:TamperWithChecksum", static_cast(trailer)); r->status = r->file->Append(Slice(trailer, kBlockTrailerSize)); if (r->status.ok()) { r->status = InsertBlockInCache(block_contents, type, handle); } if (r->status.ok()) { r->offset += block_contents.size() + kBlockTrailerSize; if (r->table_options.block_align && is_data_block) { size_t pad_bytes = (r->alignment - ((block_contents.size() + kBlockTrailerSize) & (r->alignment - 1))) & (r->alignment - 1); r->status = r->file->Pad(pad_bytes); if (r->status.ok()) { r->offset += pad_bytes; } } } } } Status BlockBasedTableBuilder::status() const { return rep_->status; } static void DeleteCachedBlockContents(const Slice& /*key*/, void* value) { BlockContents* bc = reinterpret_cast(value); delete bc; } // // Make a copy of the block contents and insert into compressed block cache // Status BlockBasedTableBuilder::InsertBlockInCache(const Slice& block_contents, const CompressionType type, const BlockHandle* handle) { Rep* r = rep_; Cache* block_cache_compressed = r->table_options.block_cache_compressed.get(); if (type != kNoCompression && block_cache_compressed != nullptr) { size_t size = block_contents.size(); auto ubuf = AllocateBlock(size + 1, block_cache_compressed->memory_allocator()); memcpy(ubuf.get(), block_contents.data(), size); ubuf[size] = type; BlockContents* block_contents_to_cache = new BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), size); #ifndef NDEBUG block_contents_to_cache->is_raw_block = true; #endif // NDEBUG // make cache key by appending the file offset to the cache prefix id char* end = EncodeVarint64( r->compressed_cache_key_prefix + r->compressed_cache_key_prefix_size, handle->offset()); Slice key(r->compressed_cache_key_prefix, static_cast(end - r->compressed_cache_key_prefix)); // Insert into compressed block cache. block_cache_compressed->Insert( key, block_contents_to_cache, block_contents_to_cache->ApproximateMemoryUsage(), &DeleteCachedBlockContents); // Invalidate OS cache. r->file->InvalidateCache(static_cast(r->offset), size); } return Status::OK(); } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteFilterBlock( MetaIndexBuilder* meta_index_builder) { BlockHandle filter_block_handle; bool empty_filter_block = (rep_->filter_builder == nullptr || rep_->filter_builder->NumAdded() == 0); if (ok() && !empty_filter_block) { Status s = Status::Incomplete(); while (ok() && s.IsIncomplete()) { Slice filter_content = rep_->filter_builder->Finish(filter_block_handle, &s); assert(s.ok() || s.IsIncomplete()); rep_->props.filter_size += filter_content.size(); WriteRawBlock(filter_content, kNoCompression, &filter_block_handle); } } if (ok() && !empty_filter_block) { // Add mapping from ".Name" to location // of filter data. std::string key; if (rep_->filter_builder->IsBlockBased()) { key = BlockBasedTable::kFilterBlockPrefix; } else { key = rep_->table_options.partition_filters ? BlockBasedTable::kPartitionedFilterBlockPrefix : BlockBasedTable::kFullFilterBlockPrefix; } key.append(rep_->table_options.filter_policy->Name()); meta_index_builder->Add(key, filter_block_handle); } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteIndexBlock( MetaIndexBuilder* meta_index_builder, BlockHandle* index_block_handle) { IndexBuilder::IndexBlocks index_blocks; auto index_builder_status = rep_->index_builder->Finish(&index_blocks); if (index_builder_status.IsIncomplete()) { // We we have more than one index partition then meta_blocks are not // supported for the index. Currently meta_blocks are used only by // HashIndexBuilder which is not multi-partition. assert(index_blocks.meta_blocks.empty()); } else if (ok() && !index_builder_status.ok()) { rep_->status = index_builder_status; } if (ok()) { for (const auto& item : index_blocks.meta_blocks) { BlockHandle block_handle; WriteBlock(item.second, &block_handle, false /* is_data_block */); if (!ok()) { break; } meta_index_builder->Add(item.first, block_handle); } } if (ok()) { if (rep_->table_options.enable_index_compression) { WriteBlock(index_blocks.index_block_contents, index_block_handle, false); } else { WriteRawBlock(index_blocks.index_block_contents, kNoCompression, index_block_handle); } } // If there are more index partitions, finish them and write them out Status s = index_builder_status; while (ok() && s.IsIncomplete()) { s = rep_->index_builder->Finish(&index_blocks, *index_block_handle); if (!s.ok() && !s.IsIncomplete()) { rep_->status = s; return; } if (rep_->table_options.enable_index_compression) { WriteBlock(index_blocks.index_block_contents, index_block_handle, false); } else { WriteRawBlock(index_blocks.index_block_contents, kNoCompression, index_block_handle); } // The last index_block_handle will be for the partition index block } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WritePropertiesBlock( MetaIndexBuilder* meta_index_builder) { BlockHandle properties_block_handle; if (ok()) { PropertyBlockBuilder property_block_builder; rep_->props.column_family_id = rep_->column_family_id; rep_->props.column_family_name = rep_->column_family_name; rep_->props.filter_policy_name = rep_->table_options.filter_policy != nullptr ? rep_->table_options.filter_policy->Name() : ""; rep_->props.index_size = rep_->index_builder->IndexSize() + kBlockTrailerSize; rep_->props.comparator_name = rep_->ioptions.user_comparator != nullptr ? rep_->ioptions.user_comparator->Name() : "nullptr"; rep_->props.merge_operator_name = rep_->ioptions.merge_operator != nullptr ? rep_->ioptions.merge_operator->Name() : "nullptr"; rep_->props.compression_name = CompressionTypeToString(rep_->compression_type); rep_->props.compression_options = CompressionOptionsToString(rep_->compression_opts); rep_->props.prefix_extractor_name = rep_->moptions.prefix_extractor != nullptr ? rep_->moptions.prefix_extractor->Name() : "nullptr"; std::string property_collectors_names = "["; for (size_t i = 0; i < rep_->ioptions.table_properties_collector_factories.size(); ++i) { if (i != 0) { property_collectors_names += ","; } property_collectors_names += rep_->ioptions.table_properties_collector_factories[i]->Name(); } property_collectors_names += "]"; rep_->props.property_collectors_names = property_collectors_names; if (rep_->table_options.index_type == BlockBasedTableOptions::kTwoLevelIndexSearch) { assert(rep_->p_index_builder_ != nullptr); rep_->props.index_partitions = rep_->p_index_builder_->NumPartitions(); rep_->props.top_level_index_size = rep_->p_index_builder_->TopLevelIndexSize(rep_->offset); } rep_->props.index_key_is_user_key = !rep_->index_builder->seperator_is_key_plus_seq(); rep_->props.index_value_is_delta_encoded = rep_->use_delta_encoding_for_index_values; rep_->props.creation_time = rep_->creation_time; rep_->props.oldest_key_time = rep_->oldest_key_time; rep_->props.file_creation_time = rep_->file_creation_time; // Add basic properties property_block_builder.AddTableProperty(rep_->props); // Add use collected properties NotifyCollectTableCollectorsOnFinish(rep_->table_properties_collectors, rep_->ioptions.info_log, &property_block_builder); WriteRawBlock(property_block_builder.Finish(), kNoCompression, &properties_block_handle); } if (ok()) { #ifndef NDEBUG { uint64_t props_block_offset = properties_block_handle.offset(); uint64_t props_block_size = properties_block_handle.size(); TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK( "BlockBasedTableBuilder::WritePropertiesBlock:GetPropsBlockOffset", &props_block_offset); TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK( "BlockBasedTableBuilder::WritePropertiesBlock:GetPropsBlockSize", &props_block_size); } #endif // !NDEBUG meta_index_builder->Add(kPropertiesBlock, properties_block_handle); } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteCompressionDictBlock( MetaIndexBuilder* meta_index_builder) { if (rep_->compression_dict != nullptr && rep_->compression_dict->GetRawDict().size()) { BlockHandle compression_dict_block_handle; if (ok()) { WriteRawBlock(rep_->compression_dict->GetRawDict(), kNoCompression, &compression_dict_block_handle); #ifndef NDEBUG Slice compression_dict = rep_->compression_dict->GetRawDict(); TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK( "BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteCompressionDictBlock:RawDict", &compression_dict); #endif // NDEBUG } if (ok()) { meta_index_builder->Add(kCompressionDictBlock, compression_dict_block_handle); } } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteRangeDelBlock( MetaIndexBuilder* meta_index_builder) { if (ok() && !rep_->range_del_block.empty()) { BlockHandle range_del_block_handle; WriteRawBlock(rep_->range_del_block.Finish(), kNoCompression, &range_del_block_handle); meta_index_builder->Add(kRangeDelBlock, range_del_block_handle); } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::WriteFooter(BlockHandle& metaindex_block_handle, BlockHandle& index_block_handle) { Rep* r = rep_; // No need to write out new footer if we're using default checksum. // We're writing legacy magic number because we want old versions of RocksDB // be able to read files generated with new release (just in case if // somebody wants to roll back after an upgrade) // TODO(icanadi) at some point in the future, when we're absolutely sure // nobody will roll back to RocksDB 2.x versions, retire the legacy magic // number and always write new table files with new magic number bool legacy = (r->table_options.format_version == 0); // this is guaranteed by BlockBasedTableBuilder's constructor assert(r->table_options.checksum == kCRC32c || r->table_options.format_version != 0); Footer footer( legacy ? kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber : kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, r->table_options.format_version); footer.set_metaindex_handle(metaindex_block_handle); footer.set_index_handle(index_block_handle); footer.set_checksum(r->table_options.checksum); std::string footer_encoding; footer.EncodeTo(&footer_encoding); assert(r->status.ok()); r->status = r->file->Append(footer_encoding); if (r->status.ok()) { r->offset += footer_encoding.size(); } } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::EnterUnbuffered() { Rep* r = rep_; assert(r->state == Rep::State::kBuffered); r->state = Rep::State::kUnbuffered; const size_t kSampleBytes = r->compression_opts.zstd_max_train_bytes > 0 ? r->compression_opts.zstd_max_train_bytes : r->compression_opts.max_dict_bytes; Random64 generator{r->creation_time}; std::string compression_dict_samples; std::vector compression_dict_sample_lens; if (!r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.empty()) { while (compression_dict_samples.size() < kSampleBytes) { size_t rand_idx = static_cast( generator.Uniform(r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.size())); size_t copy_len = std::min(kSampleBytes - compression_dict_samples.size(), r->data_block_and_keys_buffers[rand_idx].first.size()); compression_dict_samples.append( r->data_block_and_keys_buffers[rand_idx].first, 0, copy_len); compression_dict_sample_lens.emplace_back(copy_len); } } // final data block flushed, now we can generate dictionary from the samples. // OK if compression_dict_samples is empty, we'll just get empty dictionary. std::string dict; if (r->compression_opts.zstd_max_train_bytes > 0) { dict = ZSTD_TrainDictionary(compression_dict_samples, compression_dict_sample_lens, r->compression_opts.max_dict_bytes); } else { dict = std::move(compression_dict_samples); } r->compression_dict.reset(new CompressionDict(dict, r->compression_type, r->compression_opts.level)); r->verify_dict.reset(new UncompressionDict( dict, r->compression_type == kZSTD || r->compression_type == kZSTDNotFinalCompression)); for (size_t i = 0; ok() && i < r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.size(); ++i) { const auto& data_block = r->data_block_and_keys_buffers[i].first; auto& keys = r->data_block_and_keys_buffers[i].second; assert(!data_block.empty()); assert(!keys.empty()); for (const auto& key : keys) { if (r->filter_builder != nullptr) { r->filter_builder->Add(ExtractUserKey(key)); } r->index_builder->OnKeyAdded(key); } WriteBlock(Slice(data_block), &r->pending_handle, true /* is_data_block */); if (ok() && i + 1 < r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.size()) { Slice first_key_in_next_block = r->data_block_and_keys_buffers[i + 1].second.front(); Slice* first_key_in_next_block_ptr = &first_key_in_next_block; r->index_builder->AddIndexEntry(&keys.back(), first_key_in_next_block_ptr, r->pending_handle); } } r->data_block_and_keys_buffers.clear(); } Status BlockBasedTableBuilder::Finish() { Rep* r = rep_; assert(r->state != Rep::State::kClosed); bool empty_data_block = r->data_block.empty(); Flush(); if (r->state == Rep::State::kBuffered) { EnterUnbuffered(); } // To make sure properties block is able to keep the accurate size of index // block, we will finish writing all index entries first. if (ok() && !empty_data_block) { r->index_builder->AddIndexEntry( &r->last_key, nullptr /* no next data block */, r->pending_handle); } // Write meta blocks, metaindex block and footer in the following order. // 1. [meta block: filter] // 2. [meta block: index] // 3. [meta block: compression dictionary] // 4. [meta block: range deletion tombstone] // 5. [meta block: properties] // 6. [metaindex block] // 7. Footer BlockHandle metaindex_block_handle, index_block_handle; MetaIndexBuilder meta_index_builder; WriteFilterBlock(&meta_index_builder); WriteIndexBlock(&meta_index_builder, &index_block_handle); WriteCompressionDictBlock(&meta_index_builder); WriteRangeDelBlock(&meta_index_builder); WritePropertiesBlock(&meta_index_builder); if (ok()) { // flush the meta index block WriteRawBlock(meta_index_builder.Finish(), kNoCompression, &metaindex_block_handle); } if (ok()) { WriteFooter(metaindex_block_handle, index_block_handle); } r->state = Rep::State::kClosed; return r->status; } void BlockBasedTableBuilder::Abandon() { assert(rep_->state != Rep::State::kClosed); rep_->state = Rep::State::kClosed; } uint64_t BlockBasedTableBuilder::NumEntries() const { return rep_->props.num_entries; } uint64_t BlockBasedTableBuilder::FileSize() const { return rep_->offset; } bool BlockBasedTableBuilder::NeedCompact() const { for (const auto& collector : rep_->table_properties_collectors) { if (collector->NeedCompact()) { return true; } } return false; } TableProperties BlockBasedTableBuilder::GetTableProperties() const { TableProperties ret = rep_->props; for (const auto& collector : rep_->table_properties_collectors) { for (const auto& prop : collector->GetReadableProperties()) { ret.readable_properties.insert(prop); } collector->Finish(&ret.user_collected_properties); } return ret; } const std::string BlockBasedTable::kFilterBlockPrefix = "filter."; const std::string BlockBasedTable::kFullFilterBlockPrefix = "fullfilter."; const std::string BlockBasedTable::kPartitionedFilterBlockPrefix = "partitionedfilter."; } // namespace rocksdb