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rocksdb/db/db_bench.cc

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// Copyright (c) 2013, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
// of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#endif
#ifndef GFLAGS
#include <cstdio>
int main() {
fprintf(stderr, "Please install gflags to run rocksdb tools\n");
return 1;
}
#else
#ifdef NUMA
#include <numa.h>
#include <numaif.h>
#endif
#ifndef OS_WIN
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <cstddef>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gflags/gflags.h>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include "db/db_impl.h"
#include "db/version_set.h"
#include "rocksdb/options.h"
#include "rocksdb/cache.h"
#include "rocksdb/db.h"
#include "rocksdb/env.h"
#include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h"
#include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
#include "rocksdb/filter_policy.h"
#include "rocksdb/rate_limiter.h"
#include "rocksdb/slice_transform.h"
#include "rocksdb/perf_context.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/flashcache.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/optimistic_transaction.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/optimistic_transaction_db.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "port/stack_trace.h"
#include "util/crc32c.h"
#include "util/compression.h"
#include "util/histogram.h"
#include "util/mutexlock.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/string_util.h"
#include "util/statistics.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
#include "util/xxhash.h"
#include "hdfs/env_hdfs.h"
#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
#ifdef OS_WIN
#include <io.h> // open/close
#endif
using GFLAGS::ParseCommandLineFlags;
using GFLAGS::RegisterFlagValidator;
using GFLAGS::SetUsageMessage;
DEFINE_string(benchmarks,
"fillseq,"
"fillsync,"
"fillrandom,"
"overwrite,"
"readrandom,"
"newiterator,"
"newiteratorwhilewriting,"
"seekrandom,"
"seekrandomwhilewriting,"
"seekrandomwhilemerging,"
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"compact,"
"readrandom,"
"multireadrandom,"
"readseq,"
"readtocache,"
"readreverse,"
"readwhilewriting,"
"readwhilemerging,"
"readrandomwriterandom,"
"updaterandom,"
"randomwithverify,"
"fill100K,"
"crc32c,"
"xxhash,"
"compress,"
"uncompress,"
"acquireload,"
"fillseekseq,"
"randomtransaction",
"Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order"
"Actual benchmarks:\n"
"\tfillseq -- write N values in sequential key"
" order in async mode\n"
"\tfillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async"
" mode\n"
"\toverwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in"
" async mode\n"
"\tfillsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in "
"sync mode\n"
"\tfill100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in"
" async mode\n"
"\tdeleteseq -- delete N keys in sequential order\n"
"\tdeleterandom -- delete N keys in random order\n"
"\treadseq -- read N times sequentially\n"
"\treadtocache -- 1 thread reading database sequentially\n"
"\treadreverse -- read N times in reverse order\n"
"\treadrandom -- read N times in random order\n"
"\treadmissing -- read N missing keys in random order\n"
"\treadwhilewriting -- 1 writer, N threads doing random "
"reads\n"
"\treadwhilemerging -- 1 merger, N threads doing random "
"reads\n"
"\treadrandomwriterandom -- N threads doing random-read, "
"random-write\n"
"\tprefixscanrandom -- prefix scan N times in random order\n"
"\tupdaterandom -- N threads doing read-modify-write for random "
"keys\n"
"\tappendrandom -- N threads doing read-modify-write with "
"growing values\n"
"\tmergerandom -- same as updaterandom/appendrandom using merge"
" operator. "
"Must be used with merge_operator\n"
"\treadrandommergerandom -- perform N random read-or-merge "
"operations. Must be used with merge_operator\n"
"\tnewiterator -- repeated iterator creation\n"
"\tseekrandom -- N random seeks, call Next seek_nexts times "
"per seek\n"
"\tseekrandomwhilewriting -- seekrandom and 1 thread doing "
"overwrite\n"
"\tseekrandomwhilemerging -- seekrandom and 1 thread doing "
"merge\n"
"\tcrc32c -- repeated crc32c of 4K of data\n"
"\txxhash -- repeated xxHash of 4K of data\n"
"\tacquireload -- load N*1000 times\n"
"\tfillseekseq -- write N values in sequential key, then read "
"them by seeking to each key\n"
"\trandomtransaction -- execute N random transactions and "
"verify correctness\n"
"Meta operations:\n"
"\tcompact -- Compact the entire DB\n"
"\tstats -- Print DB stats\n"
"\tlevelstats -- Print the number of files and bytes per level\n"
"\tsstables -- Print sstable info\n"
"\theapprofile -- Dump a heap profile (if supported by this"
" port)\n");
DEFINE_int64(num, 1000000, "Number of key/values to place in database");
DEFINE_int64(numdistinct, 1000,
"Number of distinct keys to use. Used in RandomWithVerify to "
"read/write on fewer keys so that gets are more likely to find the"
" key and puts are more likely to update the same key");
DEFINE_int64(merge_keys, -1,
"Number of distinct keys to use for MergeRandom and "
"ReadRandomMergeRandom. "
"If negative, there will be FLAGS_num keys.");
DEFINE_int32(num_column_families, 1, "Number of Column Families to use.");
DEFINE_int32(
num_hot_column_families, 0,
"Number of Hot Column Families. If more than 0, only write to this "
"number of column families. After finishing all the writes to them, "
"create new set of column families and insert to them. Only used "
"when num_column_families > 1.");
DEFINE_int64(reads, -1, "Number of read operations to do. "
"If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.");
DEFINE_int32(bloom_locality, 0, "Control bloom filter probes locality");
DEFINE_int64(seed, 0, "Seed base for random number generators. "
"When 0 it is deterministic.");
DEFINE_int32(threads, 1, "Number of concurrent threads to run.");
DEFINE_int32(duration, 0, "Time in seconds for the random-ops tests to run."
" When 0 then num & reads determine the test duration");
DEFINE_int32(value_size, 100, "Size of each value");
DEFINE_int32(seek_nexts, 0,
"How many times to call Next() after Seek() in "
"fillseekseq, seekrandom, seekrandomwhilewriting and "
"seekrandomwhilemerging");
DEFINE_bool(reverse_iterator, false,
"When true use Prev rather than Next for iterators that do "
"Seek and then Next");
DEFINE_bool(use_uint64_comparator, false, "use Uint64 user comparator");
DEFINE_int64(batch_size, 1, "Batch size");
static bool ValidateKeySize(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(key_size, 16, "size of each key");
DEFINE_int32(num_multi_db, 0,
"Number of DBs used in the benchmark. 0 means single DB.");
DEFINE_double(compression_ratio, 0.5, "Arrange to generate values that shrink"
" to this fraction of their original size after compression");
DEFINE_double(read_random_exp_range, 0.0,
"Read random's key will be generated using distribution of "
"num * exp(-r) where r is uniform number from 0 to this value. "
"The larger the number is, the more skewed the reads are. "
"Only used in readrandom and multireadrandom benchmarks.");
DEFINE_bool(histogram, false, "Print histogram of operation timings");
DEFINE_bool(enable_numa, false,
"Make operations aware of NUMA architecture and bind memory "
"and cpus corresponding to nodes together. In NUMA, memory "
"in same node as CPUs are closer when compared to memory in "
"other nodes. Reads can be faster when the process is bound to "
"CPU and memory of same node. Use \"$numactl --hardware\" command "
"to see NUMA memory architecture.");
DEFINE_int64(db_write_buffer_size, rocksdb::Options().db_write_buffer_size,
"Number of bytes to buffer in all memtables before compacting");
DEFINE_int64(write_buffer_size, rocksdb::Options().write_buffer_size,
"Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting");
DEFINE_int32(max_write_buffer_number,
rocksdb::Options().max_write_buffer_number,
"The number of in-memory memtables. Each memtable is of size"
"write_buffer_size.");
DEFINE_int32(min_write_buffer_number_to_merge,
rocksdb::Options().min_write_buffer_number_to_merge,
"The minimum number of write buffers that will be merged together"
"before writing to storage. This is cheap because it is an"
"in-memory merge. If this feature is not enabled, then all these"
"write buffers are flushed to L0 as separate files and this "
"increases read amplification because a get request has to check"
" in all of these files. Also, an in-memory merge may result in"
" writing less data to storage if there are duplicate records "
" in each of these individual write buffers.");
DEFINE_int32(max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain,
rocksdb::Options().max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain,
"The total maximum number of write buffers to maintain in memory "
"including copies of buffers that have already been flushed. "
"Unlike max_write_buffer_number, this parameter does not affect "
"flushing. This controls the minimum amount of write history "
"that will be available in memory for conflict checking when "
"Transactions are used. If this value is too low, some "
"transactions may fail at commit time due to not being able to "
"determine whether there were any write conflicts. Setting this "
"value to 0 will cause write buffers to be freed immediately "
"after they are flushed. If this value is set to -1, "
"'max_write_buffer_number' will be used.");
DEFINE_int32(max_background_compactions,
rocksdb::Options().max_background_compactions,
"The maximum number of concurrent background compactions"
" that can occur in parallel.");
DEFINE_int32(max_background_flushes,
rocksdb::Options().max_background_flushes,
"The maximum number of concurrent background flushes"
" that can occur in parallel.");
static rocksdb::CompactionStyle FLAGS_compaction_style_e;
DEFINE_int32(compaction_style, (int32_t) rocksdb::Options().compaction_style,
"style of compaction: level-based vs universal");
DEFINE_int32(universal_size_ratio, 0,
"Percentage flexibility while comparing file size"
" (for universal compaction only).");
DEFINE_int32(universal_min_merge_width, 0, "The minimum number of files in a"
" single compaction run (for universal compaction only).");
DEFINE_int32(universal_max_merge_width, 0, "The max number of files to compact"
" in universal style compaction");
DEFINE_int32(universal_max_size_amplification_percent, 0,
"The max size amplification for universal style compaction");
DEFINE_int32(universal_compression_size_percent, -1,
"The percentage of the database to compress for universal "
"compaction. -1 means compress everything.");
DEFINE_int64(cache_size, -1, "Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed"
"data. Negative means use default settings.");
DEFINE_bool(cache_index_and_filter_blocks, false,
"Cache index/filter blocks in block cache.");
DEFINE_int32(block_size,
static_cast<int32_t>(rocksdb::BlockBasedTableOptions().block_size),
"Number of bytes in a block.");
DEFINE_int32(block_restart_interval,
rocksdb::BlockBasedTableOptions().block_restart_interval,
"Number of keys between restart points "
"for delta encoding of keys.");
DEFINE_int64(compressed_cache_size, -1,
"Number of bytes to use as a cache of compressed data.");
DEFINE_int64(row_cache_size, 0,
"Number of bytes to use as a cache of individual rows"
" (0 = disabled).");
DEFINE_int32(open_files, rocksdb::Options().max_open_files,
"Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time"
" (use default if == 0)");
DEFINE_int32(bloom_bits, -1, "Bloom filter bits per key. Negative means"
" use default settings.");
DEFINE_int32(memtable_bloom_bits, 0, "Bloom filter bits per key for memtable. "
"Negative means no bloom filter.");
DEFINE_bool(use_existing_db, false, "If true, do not destroy the existing"
" database. If you set this flag and also specify a benchmark that"
" wants a fresh database, that benchmark will fail.");
DEFINE_string(db, "", "Use the db with the following name.");
static bool ValidateCacheNumshardbits(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value >= 20) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be < 20\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(cache_numshardbits, -1, "Number of shards for the block cache"
" is 2 ** cache_numshardbits. Negative means use default settings."
" This is applied only if FLAGS_cache_size is non-negative.");
DEFINE_bool(verify_checksum, false, "Verify checksum for every block read"
" from storage");
DEFINE_bool(statistics, false, "Database statistics");
static class std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Statistics> dbstats;
DEFINE_int64(writes, -1, "Number of write operations to do. If negative, do"
" --num reads.");
DEFINE_int32(writes_per_second, 0, "Per-thread rate limit on writes and merges "
" per second. No limit when <= 0. Only for the readwhilewriting "
" and readwhilemerging tests.");
DEFINE_bool(sync, false, "Sync all writes to disk");
DEFINE_bool(disable_data_sync, false, "If true, do not wait until data is"
" synced to disk.");
DEFINE_bool(use_fsync, false, "If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync");
DEFINE_bool(disable_wal, false, "If true, do not write WAL for write.");
DEFINE_string(wal_dir, "", "If not empty, use the given dir for WAL");
DEFINE_int32(num_levels, 7, "The total number of levels");
DEFINE_int64(target_file_size_base, 2 * 1048576, "Target file size at level-1");
DEFINE_int32(target_file_size_multiplier, 1,
"A multiplier to compute target level-N file size (N >= 2)");
DEFINE_uint64(max_bytes_for_level_base, 10 * 1048576, "Max bytes for level-1");
DEFINE_bool(level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes, false,
"Whether level size base is dynamic");
DEFINE_int32(max_bytes_for_level_multiplier, 10,
"A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N (N >= 2)");
static std::vector<int> FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v;
DEFINE_string(max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional, "",
"A vector that specifies additional fanout per level");
DEFINE_int32(level0_stop_writes_trigger,
rocksdb::Options().level0_stop_writes_trigger,
"Number of files in level-0"
" that will trigger put stop.");
DEFINE_int32(level0_slowdown_writes_trigger,
rocksdb::Options().level0_slowdown_writes_trigger,
"Number of files in level-0"
" that will slow down writes.");
DEFINE_int32(level0_file_num_compaction_trigger,
rocksdb::Options().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger,
"Number of files in level-0"
" when compactions start");
static bool ValidateInt32Percent(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value <= 0 || value>=100) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, 0< pct <100 \n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(readwritepercent, 90, "Ratio of reads to reads/writes (expressed"
" as percentage) for the ReadRandomWriteRandom workload. The "
"default value 90 means 90% operations out of all reads and writes"
" operations are reads. In other words, 9 gets for every 1 put.");
DEFINE_int32(mergereadpercent, 70, "Ratio of merges to merges&reads (expressed"
" as percentage) for the ReadRandomMergeRandom workload. The"
" default value 70 means 70% out of all read and merge operations"
" are merges. In other words, 7 merges for every 3 gets.");
DEFINE_int32(deletepercent, 2, "Percentage of deletes out of reads/writes/"
"deletes (used in RandomWithVerify only). RandomWithVerify "
"calculates writepercent as (100 - FLAGS_readwritepercent - "
"deletepercent), so deletepercent must be smaller than (100 - "
"FLAGS_readwritepercent)");
DEFINE_uint64(delete_obsolete_files_period_micros, 0,
"Ignored. Left here for backward compatibility");
DEFINE_bool(transaction_db, false,
"Open a OptimisticTransactionDB instance. "
"Required for randomtransaction benchmark.");
DEFINE_uint64(transaction_sets, 2,
"Number of keys each transaction will "
"modify (use in RandomTransaction only). Max: 9999");
DEFINE_int32(transaction_sleep, 0,
"Max microseconds to sleep in between "
"reading and writing a value (used in RandomTransaction only). ");
namespace {
enum rocksdb::CompressionType StringToCompressionType(const char* ctype) {
assert(ctype);
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "none"))
return rocksdb::kNoCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "snappy"))
return rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zlib"))
return rocksdb::kZlibCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "bzip2"))
return rocksdb::kBZip2Compression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "lz4"))
return rocksdb::kLZ4Compression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "lz4hc"))
return rocksdb::kLZ4HCCompression;
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse compression type '%s'\n", ctype);
return rocksdb::kSnappyCompression; //default value
}
std::string ColumnFamilyName(size_t i) {
if (i == 0) {
return rocksdb::kDefaultColumnFamilyName;
} else {
char name[100];
snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "column_family_name_%06zu", i);
return std::string(name);
}
}
} // namespace
DEFINE_string(compression_type, "snappy",
"Algorithm to use to compress the database");
static enum rocksdb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type_e =
rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;
DEFINE_int32(compression_level, -1,
"Compression level. For zlib this should be -1 for the "
"default level, or between 0 and 9.");
static bool ValidateCompressionLevel(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value < -1 || value > 9) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be between -1 and 9\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
static const bool FLAGS_compression_level_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_compression_level, &ValidateCompressionLevel);
DEFINE_int32(min_level_to_compress, -1, "If non-negative, compression starts"
" from this level. Levels with number < min_level_to_compress are"
" not compressed. Otherwise, apply compression_type to "
"all levels.");
static bool ValidateTableCacheNumshardbits(const char* flagname,
int32_t value) {
if (0 >= value || value > 20) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be 0 < val <= 20\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(table_cache_numshardbits, 4, "");
DEFINE_string(hdfs, "", "Name of hdfs environment");
// posix or hdfs environment
static rocksdb::Env* FLAGS_env = rocksdb::Env::Default();
DEFINE_int64(stats_interval, 0, "Stats are reported every N operations when "
"this is greater than zero. When 0 the interval grows over time.");
DEFINE_int64(stats_interval_seconds, 0, "Report stats every N seconds. This "
"overrides stats_interval when both are > 0.");
DEFINE_int32(stats_per_interval, 0, "Reports additional stats per interval when"
" this is greater than 0.");
DEFINE_int64(report_interval_seconds, 0,
"If greater than zero, it will write simple stats in CVS format "
"to --report_file every N seconds");
DEFINE_string(report_file, "report.csv",
"Filename where some simple stats are reported to (if "
"--report_interval_seconds is bigger than 0)");
DEFINE_int32(thread_status_per_interval, 0,
"Takes and report a snapshot of the current status of each thread"
" when this is greater than 0.");
DEFINE_int32(perf_level, 0, "Level of perf collection");
static bool ValidateRateLimit(const char* flagname, double value) {
const double EPSILON = 1e-10;
if ( value < -EPSILON ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %12.6f, must be >= 0.0\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_double(soft_rate_limit, 0.0, "");
DEFINE_double(hard_rate_limit, 0.0, "When not equal to 0 this make threads "
"sleep at each stats reporting interval until the compaction"
" score for all levels is less than or equal to this value.");
DEFINE_uint64(delayed_write_rate, 2097152u,
"Limited bytes allowed to DB when soft_rate_limit or "
"level0_slowdown_writes_trigger triggers");
DEFINE_int32(rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds, 1000,
"When hard_rate_limit is set then this is the max time a put will"
" be stalled.");
DEFINE_uint64(rate_limiter_bytes_per_sec, 0, "Set options.rate_limiter value.");
DEFINE_uint64(
benchmark_write_rate_limit, 0,
"If non-zero, db_bench will rate-limit the writes going into RocksDB");
DEFINE_int32(max_grandparent_overlap_factor, 10, "Control maximum bytes of "
"overlaps in grandparent (i.e., level+2) before we stop building a"
" single file in a level->level+1 compaction.");
DEFINE_bool(readonly, false, "Run read only benchmarks.");
DEFINE_bool(disable_auto_compactions, false, "Do not auto trigger compactions");
DEFINE_int32(source_compaction_factor, 1, "Cap the size of data in level-K for"
" a compaction run that compacts Level-K with Level-(K+1) (for"
" K >= 1)");
DEFINE_uint64(wal_ttl_seconds, 0, "Set the TTL for the WAL Files in seconds.");
DEFINE_uint64(wal_size_limit_MB, 0, "Set the size limit for the WAL Files"
" in MB.");
DEFINE_uint64(max_total_wal_size, 0, "Set total max WAL size");
DEFINE_bool(bufferedio, rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_os_buffer,
"Allow buffered io using OS buffers");
DEFINE_bool(mmap_read, rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_reads,
"Allow reads to occur via mmap-ing files");
DEFINE_bool(mmap_write, rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_writes,
"Allow writes to occur via mmap-ing files");
DEFINE_bool(advise_random_on_open, rocksdb::Options().advise_random_on_open,
"Advise random access on table file open");
DEFINE_string(compaction_fadvice, "NORMAL",
"Access pattern advice when a file is compacted");
static auto FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e =
rocksdb::Options().access_hint_on_compaction_start;
DEFINE_bool(disable_flashcache_for_background_threads, false,
"Disable flashcache for background threads");
DEFINE_string(flashcache_dev, "", "Path to flashcache device");
DEFINE_bool(use_tailing_iterator, false,
"Use tailing iterator to access a series of keys instead of get");
DEFINE_bool(use_adaptive_mutex, rocksdb::Options().use_adaptive_mutex,
"Use adaptive mutex");
DEFINE_uint64(bytes_per_sync, rocksdb::Options().bytes_per_sync,
"Allows OS to incrementally sync SST files to disk while they are"
" being written, in the background. Issue one request for every"
" bytes_per_sync written. 0 turns it off.");
DEFINE_uint64(wal_bytes_per_sync, rocksdb::Options().wal_bytes_per_sync,
"Allows OS to incrementally sync WAL files to disk while they are"
" being written, in the background. Issue one request for every"
" wal_bytes_per_sync written. 0 turns it off.");
DEFINE_bool(filter_deletes, false, " On true, deletes use bloom-filter and drop"
" the delete if key not present");
DEFINE_int32(max_successive_merges, 0, "Maximum number of successive merge"
" operations on a key in the memtable");
static bool ValidatePrefixSize(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value < 0 || value>=2000000000) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d. 0<= PrefixSize <=2000000000\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(prefix_size, 0, "control the prefix size for HashSkipList and "
"plain table");
DEFINE_int64(keys_per_prefix, 0, "control average number of keys generated "
"per prefix, 0 means no special handling of the prefix, "
"i.e. use the prefix comes with the generated random number.");
DEFINE_bool(enable_io_prio, false, "Lower the background flush/compaction "
"threads' IO priority");
DEFINE_bool(identity_as_first_hash, false, "the first hash function of cuckoo "
"table becomes an identity function. This is only valid when key "
"is 8 bytes");
enum PutOrMerge {
kPut,
kMerge
};
enum RepFactory {
kSkipList,
kPrefixHash,
kVectorRep,
kHashLinkedList,
kCuckoo
};
namespace {
enum RepFactory StringToRepFactory(const char* ctype) {
assert(ctype);
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "skip_list"))
return kSkipList;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "prefix_hash"))
return kPrefixHash;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "vector"))
return kVectorRep;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "hash_linkedlist"))
return kHashLinkedList;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "cuckoo"))
return kCuckoo;
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse memreptable %s\n", ctype);
return kSkipList;
}
} // namespace
static enum RepFactory FLAGS_rep_factory;
DEFINE_string(memtablerep, "skip_list", "");
DEFINE_int64(hash_bucket_count, 1024 * 1024, "hash bucket count");
DEFINE_bool(use_plain_table, false, "if use plain table "
"instead of block-based table format");
DEFINE_bool(use_cuckoo_table, false, "if use cuckoo table format");
DEFINE_double(cuckoo_hash_ratio, 0.9, "Hash ratio for Cuckoo SST table.");
DEFINE_bool(use_hash_search, false, "if use kHashSearch "
"instead of kBinarySearch. "
"This is valid if only we use BlockTable");
DEFINE_bool(use_block_based_filter, false, "if use kBlockBasedFilter "
"instead of kFullFilter for filter block. "
"This is valid if only we use BlockTable");
DEFINE_string(merge_operator, "", "The merge operator to use with the database."
"If a new merge operator is specified, be sure to use fresh"
" database The possible merge operators are defined in"
" utilities/merge_operators.h");
DEFINE_int32(skip_list_lookahead, 0, "Used with skip_list memtablerep; try "
"linear search first for this many steps from the previous "
"position");
DEFINE_bool(report_file_operations, false, "if report number of file "
"operations");
static const bool FLAGS_soft_rate_limit_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_soft_rate_limit, &ValidateRateLimit);
static const bool FLAGS_hard_rate_limit_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_hard_rate_limit, &ValidateRateLimit);
static const bool FLAGS_prefix_size_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_prefix_size, &ValidatePrefixSize);
static const bool FLAGS_key_size_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_key_size, &ValidateKeySize);
static const bool FLAGS_cache_numshardbits_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_cache_numshardbits,
&ValidateCacheNumshardbits);
static const bool FLAGS_readwritepercent_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_readwritepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
DEFINE_int32(disable_seek_compaction, false,
"Not used, left here for backwards compatibility");
static const bool FLAGS_deletepercent_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_deletepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
static const bool FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits_dummy __attribute__((unused)) =
RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits,
&ValidateTableCacheNumshardbits);
namespace rocksdb {
namespace {
struct ReportFileOpCounters {
std::atomic<int> open_counter_;
std::atomic<int> read_counter_;
std::atomic<int> append_counter_;
std::atomic<uint64_t> bytes_read_;
std::atomic<uint64_t> bytes_written_;
};
// A special Env to records and report file operations in db_bench
class ReportFileOpEnv : public EnvWrapper {
public:
explicit ReportFileOpEnv(Env* base) : EnvWrapper(base) { reset(); }
void reset() {
counters_.open_counter_ = 0;
counters_.read_counter_ = 0;
counters_.append_counter_ = 0;
counters_.bytes_read_ = 0;
counters_.bytes_written_ = 0;
}
Status NewSequentialFile(const std::string& f, unique_ptr<SequentialFile>* r,
const EnvOptions& soptions) override {
class CountingFile : public SequentialFile {
private:
unique_ptr<SequentialFile> target_;
ReportFileOpCounters* counters_;
public:
CountingFile(unique_ptr<SequentialFile>&& target,
ReportFileOpCounters* counters)
: target_(std::move(target)), counters_(counters) {}
virtual Status Read(size_t n, Slice* result, char* scratch) override {
counters_->read_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
Status rv = target_->Read(n, result, scratch);
counters_->bytes_read_.fetch_add(result->size(),
std::memory_order_relaxed);
return rv;
}
virtual Status Skip(uint64_t n) override { return target_->Skip(n); }
};
Status s = target()->NewSequentialFile(f, r, soptions);
if (s.ok()) {
counters()->open_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
r->reset(new CountingFile(std::move(*r), counters()));
}
return s;
}
Status NewRandomAccessFile(const std::string& f,
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile>* r,
const EnvOptions& soptions) override {
class CountingFile : public RandomAccessFile {
private:
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> target_;
ReportFileOpCounters* counters_;
public:
CountingFile(unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile>&& target,
ReportFileOpCounters* counters)
: target_(std::move(target)), counters_(counters) {}
virtual Status Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
char* scratch) const override {
counters_->read_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
Status rv = target_->Read(offset, n, result, scratch);
counters_->bytes_read_.fetch_add(result->size(),
std::memory_order_relaxed);
return rv;
}
};
Status s = target()->NewRandomAccessFile(f, r, soptions);
if (s.ok()) {
counters()->open_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
r->reset(new CountingFile(std::move(*r), counters()));
}
return s;
}
Status NewWritableFile(const std::string& f, unique_ptr<WritableFile>* r,
const EnvOptions& soptions) override {
class CountingFile : public WritableFile {
private:
unique_ptr<WritableFile> target_;
ReportFileOpCounters* counters_;
public:
CountingFile(unique_ptr<WritableFile>&& target,
ReportFileOpCounters* counters)
: target_(std::move(target)), counters_(counters) {}
Status Append(const Slice& data) override {
counters_->append_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
Status rv = target_->Append(data);
counters_->bytes_written_.fetch_add(data.size(),
std::memory_order_relaxed);
return rv;
}
Status Close() override { return target_->Close(); }
Status Flush() override { return target_->Flush(); }
Status Sync() override { return target_->Sync(); }
};
Status s = target()->NewWritableFile(f, r, soptions);
if (s.ok()) {
counters()->open_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
r->reset(new CountingFile(std::move(*r), counters()));
}
return s;
}
// getter
ReportFileOpCounters* counters() { return &counters_; }
private:
ReportFileOpCounters counters_;
};
} // namespace
// Helper for quickly generating random data.
class RandomGenerator {
private:
std::string data_;
unsigned int pos_;
public:
RandomGenerator() {
// We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
// that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
// large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
Random rnd(301);
std::string piece;
while (data_.size() < (unsigned)std::max(1048576, FLAGS_value_size)) {
// Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
// by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
data_.append(piece);
}
pos_ = 0;
}
Slice Generate(unsigned int len) {
assert(len <= data_.size());
if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
pos_ = 0;
}
pos_ += len;
return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
}
};
static void AppendWithSpace(std::string* str, Slice msg) {
if (msg.empty()) return;
if (!str->empty()) {
str->push_back(' ');
}
str->append(msg.data(), msg.size());
}
struct DBWithColumnFamilies {
std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> cfh;
DB* db;
OptimisticTransactionDB* txn_db;
std::atomic<size_t> num_created; // Need to be updated after all the
// new entries in cfh are set.
size_t num_hot; // Number of column families to be queried at each moment.
// After each CreateNewCf(), another num_hot number of new
// Column families will be created and used to be queried.
port::Mutex create_cf_mutex; // Only one thread can execute CreateNewCf()
DBWithColumnFamilies() : db(nullptr), txn_db(nullptr) {
cfh.clear();
num_created = 0;
num_hot = 0;
}
DBWithColumnFamilies(const DBWithColumnFamilies& other)
: cfh(other.cfh),
db(other.db),
txn_db(other.txn_db),
num_created(other.num_created.load()),
num_hot(other.num_hot) {}
void DeleteDBs() {
std::for_each(cfh.begin(), cfh.end(),
[](ColumnFamilyHandle* cfhi) { delete cfhi; });
cfh.clear();
if (txn_db) {
delete txn_db;
txn_db = nullptr;
} else {
delete db;
}
db = nullptr;
}
ColumnFamilyHandle* GetCfh(int64_t rand_num) {
assert(num_hot > 0);
return cfh[num_created.load(std::memory_order_acquire) - num_hot +
rand_num % num_hot];
}
// stage: assume CF from 0 to stage * num_hot has be created. Need to create
// stage * num_hot + 1 to stage * (num_hot + 1).
void CreateNewCf(ColumnFamilyOptions options, int64_t stage) {
MutexLock l(&create_cf_mutex);
if ((stage + 1) * num_hot <= num_created) {
// Already created.
return;
}
auto new_num_created = num_created + num_hot;
assert(new_num_created <= cfh.size());
for (size_t i = num_created; i < new_num_created; i++) {
Status s =
db->CreateColumnFamily(options, ColumnFamilyName(i), &(cfh[i]));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "create column family error: %s\n",
s.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
}
num_created.store(new_num_created, std::memory_order_release);
}
};
// a class that reports stats to CSV file
class ReporterAgent {
public:
ReporterAgent(Env* env, const std::string& fname,
uint64_t report_interval_secs)
: env_(env),
total_ops_done_(0),
last_report_(0),
report_interval_secs_(report_interval_secs),
stop_(false) {
auto s = env_->NewWritableFile(fname, &report_file_, EnvOptions());
if (s.ok()) {
s = report_file_->Append(Header() + "\n");
}
if (s.ok()) {
s = report_file_->Flush();
}
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open %s: %s\n", fname.c_str(),
s.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
reporting_thread_ = std::thread([&]() { SleepAndReport(); });
}
~ReporterAgent() {
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mutex_);
stop_ = true;
stop_cv_.notify_all();
}
reporting_thread_.join();
}
// thread safe
void ReportFinishedOps(int64_t num_ops) {
total_ops_done_.fetch_add(num_ops);
}
private:
std::string Header() const { return "secs_elapsed,interval_qps"; }
void SleepAndReport() {
uint64_t kMicrosInSecond = 1000 * 1000;
auto time_started = env_->NowMicros();
while (true) {
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mutex_);
if (stop_ ||
stop_cv_.wait_for(lk, std::chrono::seconds(report_interval_secs_),
[&]() { return stop_; })) {
// stopping
break;
}
// else -> timeout, which means time for a report!
}
auto total_ops_done_snapshot = total_ops_done_.load();
// round the seconds elapsed
auto secs_elapsed =
(env_->NowMicros() - time_started + kMicrosInSecond / 2) /
kMicrosInSecond;
std::string report = ToString(secs_elapsed) + "," +
ToString(total_ops_done_snapshot - last_report_) +
"\n";
auto s = report_file_->Append(report);
if (s.ok()) {
s = report_file_->Flush();
}
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Can't write to report file (%s), stopping the reporting\n",
s.ToString().c_str());
break;
}
last_report_ = total_ops_done_snapshot;
}
}
Env* env_;
std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> report_file_;
std::atomic<int64_t> total_ops_done_;
int64_t last_report_;
const uint64_t report_interval_secs_;
std::thread reporting_thread_;
std::mutex mutex_;
// will notify on stop
std::condition_variable stop_cv_;
bool stop_;
};
class Stats {
private:
int id_;
double start_;
double finish_;
double seconds_;
int64_t done_;
int64_t last_report_done_;
int64_t next_report_;
int64_t bytes_;
double last_op_finish_;
double last_report_finish_;
HistogramImpl hist_;
std::string message_;
bool exclude_from_merge_;
ReporterAgent* reporter_agent_; // does not own
public:
Stats() { Start(-1); }
void SetReporterAgent(ReporterAgent* reporter_agent) {
reporter_agent_ = reporter_agent;
}
void Start(int id) {
id_ = id;
next_report_ = FLAGS_stats_interval ? FLAGS_stats_interval : 100;
last_op_finish_ = start_;
hist_.Clear();
done_ = 0;
last_report_done_ = 0;
bytes_ = 0;
seconds_ = 0;
start_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
finish_ = start_;
last_report_finish_ = start_;
message_.clear();
// When set, stats from this thread won't be merged with others.
exclude_from_merge_ = false;
}
void Merge(const Stats& other) {
if (other.exclude_from_merge_)
return;
hist_.Merge(other.hist_);
done_ += other.done_;
bytes_ += other.bytes_;
seconds_ += other.seconds_;
if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
// Just keep the messages from one thread
if (message_.empty()) message_ = other.message_;
}
void Stop() {
finish_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
seconds_ = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
}
void AddMessage(Slice msg) {
AppendWithSpace(&message_, msg);
}
void SetId(int id) { id_ = id; }
void SetExcludeFromMerge() { exclude_from_merge_ = true; }
void PrintThreadStatus() {
std::vector<ThreadStatus> thread_list;
FLAGS_env->GetThreadList(&thread_list);
fprintf(stderr, "\n%18s %10s %12s %20s %13s %45s %12s %s\n",
"ThreadID", "ThreadType", "cfName", "Operation",
"ElapsedTime", "Stage", "State", "OperationProperties");
int64_t current_time = 0;
Env::Default()->GetCurrentTime(&current_time);
for (auto ts : thread_list) {
fprintf(stderr, "%18" PRIu64 " %10s %12s %20s %13s %45s %12s",
ts.thread_id,
ThreadStatus::GetThreadTypeName(ts.thread_type).c_str(),
ts.cf_name.c_str(),
ThreadStatus::GetOperationName(ts.operation_type).c_str(),
ThreadStatus::MicrosToString(ts.op_elapsed_micros).c_str(),
ThreadStatus::GetOperationStageName(ts.operation_stage).c_str(),
ThreadStatus::GetStateName(ts.state_type).c_str());
auto op_properties = ThreadStatus::InterpretOperationProperties(
ts.operation_type, ts.op_properties);
for (const auto& op_prop : op_properties) {
fprintf(stderr, " %s %" PRIu64" |",
op_prop.first.c_str(), op_prop.second);
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
}
void FinishedOps(DBWithColumnFamilies* db_with_cfh, DB* db, int64_t num_ops) {
if (reporter_agent_) {
reporter_agent_->ReportFinishedOps(num_ops);
}
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double micros = now - last_op_finish_;
hist_.Add(micros);
if (micros > 20000 && !FLAGS_stats_interval) {
fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
fflush(stderr);
}
last_op_finish_ = now;
}
done_ += num_ops;
if (done_ >= next_report_) {
if (!FLAGS_stats_interval) {
if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
else next_report_ += 100000;
fprintf(stderr, "... finished %" PRIu64 " ops%30s\r", done_, "");
} else {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
int64_t usecs_since_last = now - last_report_finish_;
// Determine whether to print status where interval is either
// each N operations or each N seconds.
if (FLAGS_stats_interval_seconds &&
usecs_since_last < (FLAGS_stats_interval_seconds * 1000000)) {
// Don't check again for this many operations
next_report_ += FLAGS_stats_interval;
} else {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s ... thread %d: (%" PRIu64 ",%" PRIu64 ") ops and "
"(%.1f,%.1f) ops/second in (%.6f,%.6f) seconds\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str(),
id_,
done_ - last_report_done_, done_,
(done_ - last_report_done_) /
(usecs_since_last / 1000000.0),
done_ / ((now - start_) / 1000000.0),
(now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0,
(now - start_) / 1000000.0);
if (FLAGS_stats_per_interval) {
std::string stats;
if (db_with_cfh && db_with_cfh->num_created.load()) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < db_with_cfh->num_created.load(); ++i) {
if (db->GetProperty(db_with_cfh->cfh[i], "rocksdb.cfstats",
&stats))
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
} else if (db && db->GetProperty("rocksdb.stats", &stats)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
}
next_report_ += FLAGS_stats_interval;
last_report_finish_ = now;
last_report_done_ = done_;
}
}
if (id_ == 0 && FLAGS_thread_status_per_interval) {
PrintThreadStatus();
}
fflush(stderr);
}
}
void AddBytes(int64_t n) {
bytes_ += n;
}
void Report(const Slice& name) {
// Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
// that does not call FinishedOps().
if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
std::string extra;
if (bytes_ > 0) {
// Rate is computed on actual elapsed time, not the sum of per-thread
// elapsed times.
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
char rate[100];
snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
(bytes_ / 1048576.0) / elapsed);
extra = rate;
}
AppendWithSpace(&extra, message_);
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
double throughput = (double)done_/elapsed;
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op %ld ops/sec;%s%s\n",
name.ToString().c_str(),
elapsed * 1e6 / done_,
(long)throughput,
(extra.empty() ? "" : " "),
extra.c_str());
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
}
if (FLAGS_report_file_operations) {
ReportFileOpEnv* env = static_cast<ReportFileOpEnv*>(FLAGS_env);
ReportFileOpCounters* counters = env->counters();
fprintf(stdout, "Num files opened: %d\n",
counters->open_counter_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
fprintf(stdout, "Num Read(): %d\n",
counters->read_counter_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
fprintf(stdout, "Num Append(): %d\n",
counters->append_counter_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
fprintf(stdout, "Num bytes read: %" PRIu64 "\n",
counters->bytes_read_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
fprintf(stdout, "Num bytes written: %" PRIu64 "\n",
counters->bytes_written_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
env->reset();
}
fflush(stdout);
}
};
// State shared by all concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct SharedState {
port::Mutex mu;
port::CondVar cv;
int total;
int perf_level;
std::shared_ptr<RateLimiter> write_rate_limiter;
// Each thread goes through the following states:
// (1) initializing
// (2) waiting for others to be initialized
// (3) running
// (4) done
long num_initialized;
long num_done;
bool start;
SharedState() : cv(&mu), perf_level(FLAGS_perf_level) { }
};
// Per-thread state for concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct ThreadState {
int tid; // 0..n-1 when running in n threads
Random64 rand; // Has different seeds for different threads
Stats stats;
SharedState* shared;
/* implicit */ ThreadState(int index)
: tid(index),
rand((FLAGS_seed ? FLAGS_seed : 1000) + index) {
}
};
class Duration {
public:
Duration(int max_seconds, int64_t max_ops, int64_t ops_per_stage = 0) {
max_seconds_ = max_seconds;
max_ops_= max_ops;
ops_per_stage_ = (ops_per_stage > 0) ? ops_per_stage : max_ops;
ops_ = 0;
start_at_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
}
int64_t GetStage() { return std::min(ops_, max_ops_ - 1) / ops_per_stage_; }
bool Done(int64_t increment) {
if (increment <= 0) increment = 1; // avoid Done(0) and infinite loops
ops_ += increment;
if (max_seconds_) {
// Recheck every appx 1000 ops (exact iff increment is factor of 1000)
if ((ops_/1000) != ((ops_-increment)/1000)) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
return ((now - start_at_) / 1000000.0) >= max_seconds_;
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
return ops_ > max_ops_;
}
}
private:
int max_seconds_;
int64_t max_ops_;
int64_t ops_per_stage_;
int64_t ops_;
double start_at_;
};
class Benchmark {
private:
std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
std::shared_ptr<Cache> compressed_cache_;
std::shared_ptr<const FilterPolicy> filter_policy_;
const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor_;
DBWithColumnFamilies db_;
std::vector<DBWithColumnFamilies> multi_dbs_;
int64_t num_;
int value_size_;
int key_size_;
int prefix_size_;
int64_t keys_per_prefix_;
int64_t entries_per_batch_;
WriteOptions write_options_;
Options open_options_; // keep options around to properly destroy db later
int64_t reads_;
double read_random_exp_range_;
int64_t writes_;
int64_t readwrites_;
int64_t merge_keys_;
bool report_file_operations_;
int cachedev_fd_;
bool SanityCheck() {
if (FLAGS_compression_ratio > 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "compression_ratio should be between 0 and 1\n");
return false;
}
return true;
}
void PrintHeader() {
PrintEnvironment();
fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", FLAGS_key_size);
fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each (%d bytes after compression)\n",
FLAGS_value_size,
static_cast<int>(FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio + 0.5));
fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %" PRIu64 "\n", num_);
fprintf(stdout, "Prefix: %d bytes\n", FLAGS_prefix_size);
fprintf(stdout, "Keys per prefix: %" PRIu64 "\n", keys_per_prefix_);
fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
((static_cast<int64_t>(FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "FileSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
(((FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio)
* num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "Writes per second: %d\n", FLAGS_writes_per_second);
if (FLAGS_enable_numa) {
fprintf(stderr, "Running in NUMA enabled mode.\n");
#ifndef NUMA
fprintf(stderr, "NUMA is not defined in the system.\n");
exit(1);
#else
if (numa_available() == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "NUMA is not supported by the system.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif
}
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case rocksdb::kNoCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: none\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kSnappyCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: snappy\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kZlibCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: zlib\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kBZip2Compression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: bzip2\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4Compression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: lz4\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4HCCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: lz4hc\n");
break;
}
switch (FLAGS_rep_factory) {
case kPrefixHash:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: prefix_hash\n");
break;
case kSkipList:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: skip_list\n");
break;
case kVectorRep:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: vector\n");
break;
case kHashLinkedList:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: hash_linkedlist\n");
break;
case kCuckoo:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: cuckoo\n");
break;
}
fprintf(stdout, "Perf Level: %d\n", FLAGS_perf_level);
PrintWarnings();
fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void PrintWarnings() {
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
);
#endif
#ifndef NDEBUG
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
#endif
if (FLAGS_compression_type_e != rocksdb::kNoCompression) {
// The test string should not be too small.
const int len = FLAGS_block_size;
char* text = (char*) malloc(len+1);
bool result = true;
const char* name = nullptr;
std::string compressed;
memset(text, (int) 'y', len);
text[len] = '\0';
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case kSnappyCompression:
result = Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Snappy";
break;
case kZlibCompression:
result = Zlib_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Zlib";
break;
case kBZip2Compression:
result = BZip2_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "BZip2";
break;
case kLZ4Compression:
result = LZ4_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "LZ4";
break;
case kLZ4HCCompression:
result = LZ4HC_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "LZ4HC";
break;
case kNoCompression:
assert(false); // cannot happen
break;
}
if (!result) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not enabled\n", name);
} else if (name && compressed.size() >= strlen(text)) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not effective\n", name);
}
free(text);
}
}
// Current the following isn't equivalent to OS_LINUX.
#if defined(__linux)
static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
unsigned int start = 0;
while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
start++;
}
unsigned int limit = static_cast<unsigned int>(s.size());
while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
limit--;
}
return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
}
#endif
void PrintEnvironment() {
fprintf(stderr, "LevelDB: version %d.%d\n",
kMajorVersion, kMinorVersion);
#if defined(__linux)
time_t now = time(nullptr);
fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
if (cpuinfo != nullptr) {
char line[1000];
int num_cpus = 0;
std::string cpu_type;
std::string cache_size;
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != nullptr) {
const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
if (sep == nullptr) {
continue;
}
Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
if (key == "model name") {
++num_cpus;
cpu_type = val.ToString();
} else if (key == "cache size") {
cache_size = val.ToString();
}
}
fclose(cpuinfo);
fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
}
#endif
}
public:
Benchmark()
: cache_(
FLAGS_cache_size >= 0
? (FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1
? NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size, FLAGS_cache_numshardbits)
: NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size))
: nullptr),
compressed_cache_(FLAGS_compressed_cache_size >= 0
? (FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1
? NewLRUCache(FLAGS_compressed_cache_size,
FLAGS_cache_numshardbits)
: NewLRUCache(FLAGS_compressed_cache_size))
: nullptr),
filter_policy_(FLAGS_bloom_bits >= 0
? NewBloomFilterPolicy(FLAGS_bloom_bits,
FLAGS_use_block_based_filter)
: nullptr),
prefix_extractor_(NewFixedPrefixTransform(FLAGS_prefix_size)),
num_(FLAGS_num),
value_size_(FLAGS_value_size),
key_size_(FLAGS_key_size),
prefix_size_(FLAGS_prefix_size),
keys_per_prefix_(FLAGS_keys_per_prefix),
entries_per_batch_(1),
reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
read_random_exp_range_(0.0),
writes_(FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes),
readwrites_(
(FLAGS_writes < 0 && FLAGS_reads < 0)
? FLAGS_num
: ((FLAGS_writes > FLAGS_reads) ? FLAGS_writes : FLAGS_reads)),
merge_keys_(FLAGS_merge_keys < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_merge_keys),
report_file_operations_(FLAGS_report_file_operations),
cachedev_fd_(-1) {
if (report_file_operations_) {
if (!FLAGS_hdfs.empty()) {
fprintf(stderr,
"--hdfs and --report_file_operations cannot be enabled "
"at the same time");
exit(1);
}
FLAGS_env = new ReportFileOpEnv(rocksdb::Env::Default());
}
if (FLAGS_prefix_size > FLAGS_key_size) {
fprintf(stderr, "prefix size is larger than key size");
exit(1);
}
std::vector<std::string> files;
FLAGS_env->GetChildren(FLAGS_db, &files);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("heap-")) {
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(FLAGS_db + "/" + files[i]);
}
}
if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
Options options;
if (!FLAGS_wal_dir.empty()) {
options.wal_dir = FLAGS_wal_dir;
}
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, options);
}
}
~Benchmark() {
db_.DeleteDBs();
delete prefix_extractor_;
if (cache_.get() != nullptr) {
// this will leak, but we're shutting down so nobody cares
cache_->DisownData();
}
if (FLAGS_disable_flashcache_for_background_threads && cachedev_fd_ != -1) {
// Dtor for this env should run before cachedev_fd_ is closed
flashcache_aware_env_ = nullptr;
close(cachedev_fd_);
}
}
Slice AllocateKey(std::unique_ptr<const char[]>* key_guard) {
char* data = new char[key_size_];
const char* const_data = data;
key_guard->reset(const_data);
return Slice(key_guard->get(), key_size_);
}
// Generate key according to the given specification and random number.
// The resulting key will have the following format (if keys_per_prefix_
// is positive), extra trailing bytes are either cut off or paddd with '0'.
// The prefix value is derived from key value.
// ----------------------------
// | prefix 00000 | key 00000 |
// ----------------------------
// If keys_per_prefix_ is 0, the key is simply a binary representation of
// random number followed by trailing '0's
// ----------------------------
// | key 00000 |
// ----------------------------
void GenerateKeyFromInt(uint64_t v, int64_t num_keys, Slice* key) {
char* start = const_cast<char*>(key->data());
char* pos = start;
if (keys_per_prefix_ > 0) {
int64_t num_prefix = num_keys / keys_per_prefix_;
int64_t prefix = v % num_prefix;
int bytes_to_fill = std::min(prefix_size_, 8);
if (port::kLittleEndian) {
for (int i = 0; i < bytes_to_fill; ++i) {
pos[i] = (prefix >> ((bytes_to_fill - i - 1) << 3)) & 0xFF;
}
} else {
memcpy(pos, static_cast<void*>(&prefix), bytes_to_fill);
}
if (prefix_size_ > 8) {
// fill the rest with 0s
memset(pos + 8, '0', prefix_size_ - 8);
}
pos += prefix_size_;
}
int bytes_to_fill = std::min(key_size_ - static_cast<int>(pos - start), 8);
if (port::kLittleEndian) {
for (int i = 0; i < bytes_to_fill; ++i) {
pos[i] = (v >> ((bytes_to_fill - i - 1) << 3)) & 0xFF;
}
} else {
memcpy(pos, static_cast<void*>(&v), bytes_to_fill);
}
pos += bytes_to_fill;
if (key_size_ > pos - start) {
memset(pos, '0', key_size_ - (pos - start));
}
}
std::string GetDbNameForMultiple(std::string base_name, size_t id) {
return base_name + ToString(id);
}
void Run() {
if (!SanityCheck()) {
exit(1);
}
PrintHeader();
Open(&open_options_);
const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks.c_str();
while (benchmarks != nullptr) {
const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
Slice name;
if (sep == nullptr) {
name = benchmarks;
benchmarks = nullptr;
} else {
name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
benchmarks = sep + 1;
}
// Sanitize parameters
num_ = FLAGS_num;
reads_ = (FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads);
writes_ = (FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes);
value_size_ = FLAGS_value_size;
key_size_ = FLAGS_key_size;
entries_per_batch_ = FLAGS_batch_size;
write_options_ = WriteOptions();
read_random_exp_range_ = FLAGS_read_random_exp_range;
if (FLAGS_sync) {
write_options_.sync = true;
}
write_options_.disableWAL = FLAGS_disable_wal;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*) = nullptr;
void (Benchmark::*post_process_method)() = nullptr;
bool fresh_db = false;
int num_threads = FLAGS_threads;
if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillbatch")) {
fresh_db = true;
entries_per_batch_ = 1000;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillrandom")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("filluniquerandom")) {
fresh_db = true;
if (num_threads > 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "filluniquerandom multithreaded not supported"
", use 1 thread");
num_threads = 1;
}
method = &Benchmark::WriteUniqueRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("overwrite")) {
fresh_db = false;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("fillsync")) {
fresh_db = true;
num_ /= 1000;
write_options_.sync = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("fill100K")) {
fresh_db = true;
num_ /= 1000;
value_size_ = 100 * 1000;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadSequential;
} else if (name == Slice("readtocache")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadSequential;
num_threads = 1;
reads_ = num_;
} else if (name == Slice("readreverse")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadReverse;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomfast")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandomFast;
} else if (name == Slice("multireadrandom")) {
fprintf(stderr, "entries_per_batch = %" PRIi64 "\n",
entries_per_batch_);
method = &Benchmark::MultiReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readmissing")) {
++key_size_;
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("newiterator")) {
method = &Benchmark::IteratorCreation;
} else if (name == Slice("newiteratorwhilewriting")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for writing
method = &Benchmark::IteratorCreationWhileWriting;
} else if (name == Slice("seekrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::SeekRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("seekrandomwhilewriting")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for writing
method = &Benchmark::SeekRandomWhileWriting;
} else if (name == Slice("seekrandomwhilemerging")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for merging
method = &Benchmark::SeekRandomWhileMerging;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomsmall")) {
reads_ /= 1000;
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("deleteseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::DeleteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("deleterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::DeleteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readwhilewriting")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for writing
method = &Benchmark::ReadWhileWriting;
} else if (name == Slice("readwhilemerging")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for writing
method = &Benchmark::ReadWhileMerging;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomwriterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandomWriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandommergerandom")) {
if (FLAGS_merge_operator.empty()) {
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : skipped (--merge_operator is unknown)\n",
name.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandomMergeRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("updaterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::UpdateRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("appendrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::AppendRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("mergerandom")) {
if (FLAGS_merge_operator.empty()) {
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : skipped (--merge_operator is unknown)\n",
name.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
method = &Benchmark::MergeRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("randomwithverify")) {
method = &Benchmark::RandomWithVerify;
} else if (name == Slice("fillseekseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeqSeekSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("compact")) {
method = &Benchmark::Compact;
} else if (name == Slice("crc32c")) {
method = &Benchmark::Crc32c;
} else if (name == Slice("xxhash")) {
method = &Benchmark::xxHash;
} else if (name == Slice("acquireload")) {
method = &Benchmark::AcquireLoad;
} else if (name == Slice("compress")) {
method = &Benchmark::Compress;
} else if (name == Slice("uncompress")) {
method = &Benchmark::Uncompress;
} else if (name == Slice("randomtransaction")) {
method = &Benchmark::RandomTransaction;
post_process_method = &Benchmark::RandomTransactionVerify;
} else if (name == Slice("stats")) {
PrintStats("rocksdb.stats");
} else if (name == Slice("levelstats")) {
PrintStats("rocksdb.levelstats");
} else if (name == Slice("sstables")) {
PrintStats("rocksdb.sstables");
} else {
if (name != Slice()) { // No error message for empty name
fprintf(stderr, "unknown benchmark '%s'\n", name.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
if (fresh_db) {
if (FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : skipped (--use_existing_db is true)\n",
name.ToString().c_str());
method = nullptr;
} else {
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
db_.DeleteDBs();
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, open_options_);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < multi_dbs_.size(); i++) {
delete multi_dbs_[i].db;
DestroyDB(GetDbNameForMultiple(FLAGS_db, i), open_options_);
}
multi_dbs_.clear();
}
Open(&open_options_); // use open_options for the last accessed
}
if (method != nullptr) {
fprintf(stdout, "DB path: [%s]\n", FLAGS_db.c_str());
RunBenchmark(num_threads, name, method);
}
if (post_process_method != nullptr) {
(this->*post_process_method)();
}
}
if (FLAGS_statistics) {
fprintf(stdout, "STATISTICS:\n%s\n", dbstats->ToString().c_str());
}
}
private:
std::unique_ptr<Env> flashcache_aware_env_;
struct ThreadArg {
Benchmark* bm;
SharedState* shared;
ThreadState* thread;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*);
};
static void ThreadBody(void* v) {
ThreadArg* arg = reinterpret_cast<ThreadArg*>(v);
SharedState* shared = arg->shared;
ThreadState* thread = arg->thread;
{
MutexLock l(&shared->mu);
shared->num_initialized++;
if (shared->num_initialized >= shared->total) {
shared->cv.SignalAll();
}
while (!shared->start) {
shared->cv.Wait();
}
}
SetPerfLevel(static_cast<PerfLevel> (shared->perf_level));
thread->stats.Start(thread->tid);
(arg->bm->*(arg->method))(thread);
thread->stats.Stop();
{
MutexLock l(&shared->mu);
shared->num_done++;
if (shared->num_done >= shared->total) {
shared->cv.SignalAll();
}
}
}
void RunBenchmark(int n, Slice name,
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*)) {
SharedState shared;
shared.total = n;
shared.num_initialized = 0;
shared.num_done = 0;
shared.start = false;
if (FLAGS_benchmark_write_rate_limit > 0) {
shared.write_rate_limiter.reset(
NewGenericRateLimiter(FLAGS_benchmark_write_rate_limit));
}
std::unique_ptr<ReporterAgent> reporter_agent;
if (FLAGS_report_interval_seconds > 0) {
reporter_agent.reset(new ReporterAgent(FLAGS_env, FLAGS_report_file,
FLAGS_report_interval_seconds));
}
ThreadArg* arg = new ThreadArg[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
#ifdef NUMA
if (FLAGS_enable_numa) {
// Performs a local allocation of memory to threads in numa node.
int n_nodes = numa_num_task_nodes(); // Number of nodes in NUMA.
numa_exit_on_error = 1;
int numa_node = i % n_nodes;
bitmask* nodes = numa_allocate_nodemask();
numa_bitmask_clearall(nodes);
numa_bitmask_setbit(nodes, numa_node);
// numa_bind() call binds the process to the node and these
// properties are passed on to the thread that is created in
// StartThread method called later in the loop.
numa_bind(nodes);
numa_set_strict(1);
numa_free_nodemask(nodes);
}
#endif
arg[i].bm = this;
arg[i].method = method;
arg[i].shared = &shared;
arg[i].thread = new ThreadState(i);
arg[i].thread->stats.SetReporterAgent(reporter_agent.get());
arg[i].thread->shared = &shared;
FLAGS_env->StartThread(ThreadBody, &arg[i]);
}
shared.mu.Lock();
while (shared.num_initialized < n) {
shared.cv.Wait();
}
shared.start = true;
shared.cv.SignalAll();
while (shared.num_done < n) {
shared.cv.Wait();
}
shared.mu.Unlock();
// Stats for some threads can be excluded.
Stats merge_stats;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
merge_stats.Merge(arg[i].thread->stats);
}
merge_stats.Report(name);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
delete arg[i].thread;
}
delete[] arg;
}
void Crc32c(ThreadState* thread) {
// Checksum about 500MB of data total
const int size = 4096;
const char* label = "(4K per op)";
std::string data(size, 'x');
int64_t bytes = 0;
uint32_t crc = 0;
while (bytes < 500 * 1048576) {
crc = crc32c::Value(data.data(), size);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, nullptr, 1);
bytes += size;
}
// Print so result is not dead
fprintf(stderr, "... crc=0x%x\r", static_cast<unsigned int>(crc));
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(label);
}
void xxHash(ThreadState* thread) {
// Checksum about 500MB of data total
const int size = 4096;
const char* label = "(4K per op)";
std::string data(size, 'x');
int64_t bytes = 0;
unsigned int xxh32 = 0;
while (bytes < 500 * 1048576) {
xxh32 = XXH32(data.data(), size, 0);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, nullptr, 1);
bytes += size;
}
// Print so result is not dead
fprintf(stderr, "... xxh32=0x%x\r", static_cast<unsigned int>(xxh32));
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(label);
}
void AcquireLoad(ThreadState* thread) {
int dummy;
std::atomic<void*> ap(&dummy);
int count = 0;
void *ptr = nullptr;
thread->stats.AddMessage("(each op is 1000 loads)");
while (count < 100000) {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ptr = ap.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
}
count++;
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, nullptr, 1);
}
if (ptr == nullptr) exit(1); // Disable unused variable warning.
}
void Compress(ThreadState *thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
Slice input = gen.Generate(FLAGS_block_size);
int64_t bytes = 0;
int64_t produced = 0;
bool ok = true;
std::string compressed;
// Compress 1G
while (ok && bytes < int64_t(1) << 30) {
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case rocksdb::kSnappyCompression:
ok = Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kZlibCompression:
ok = Zlib_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kBZip2Compression:
ok = BZip2_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4Compression:
ok = LZ4_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4HCCompression:
ok = LZ4HC_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
default:
ok = false;
}
produced += compressed.size();
bytes += input.size();
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, nullptr, 1);
}
if (!ok) {
thread->stats.AddMessage("(compression failure)");
} else {
char buf[100];
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "(output: %.1f%%)",
(produced * 100.0) / bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(buf);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
}
void Uncompress(ThreadState *thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
Slice input = gen.Generate(FLAGS_block_size);
std::string compressed;
bool ok;
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case rocksdb::kSnappyCompression:
ok = Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kZlibCompression:
ok = Zlib_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kBZip2Compression:
ok = BZip2_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4Compression:
ok = LZ4_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4HCCompression:
ok = LZ4HC_Compress(Options().compression_opts, 2, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
break;
default:
ok = false;
}
int64_t bytes = 0;
int decompress_size;
while (ok && bytes < 1024 * 1048576) {
char *uncompressed = nullptr;
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case rocksdb::kSnappyCompression:
// allocate here to make comparison fair
uncompressed = new char[input.size()];
ok = Snappy_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
uncompressed);
break;
case rocksdb::kZlibCompression:
uncompressed = Zlib_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
&decompress_size, 2);
ok = uncompressed != nullptr;
break;
case rocksdb::kBZip2Compression:
uncompressed = BZip2_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
&decompress_size, 2);
ok = uncompressed != nullptr;
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4Compression:
uncompressed = LZ4_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
&decompress_size, 2);
ok = uncompressed != nullptr;
break;
case rocksdb::kLZ4HCCompression:
uncompressed = LZ4_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
&decompress_size, 2);
ok = uncompressed != nullptr;
break;
default:
ok = false;
}
delete[] uncompressed;
bytes += input.size();
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, nullptr, 1);
}
if (!ok) {
thread->stats.AddMessage("(compression failure)");
} else {
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
}
void Open(Options* opts) {
Options& options = *opts;
assert(db_.db == nullptr);
options.create_if_missing = !FLAGS_use_existing_db;
options.create_missing_column_families = FLAGS_num_column_families > 1;
options.db_write_buffer_size = FLAGS_db_write_buffer_size;
options.write_buffer_size = FLAGS_write_buffer_size;
options.max_write_buffer_number = FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number;
options.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge =
FLAGS_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge;
options.max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain =
FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain;
options.max_background_compactions = FLAGS_max_background_compactions;
options.max_background_flushes = FLAGS_max_background_flushes;
options.compaction_style = FLAGS_compaction_style_e;
if (FLAGS_prefix_size != 0) {
options.prefix_extractor.reset(
NewFixedPrefixTransform(FLAGS_prefix_size));
}
if (FLAGS_use_uint64_comparator) {
options.comparator = test::Uint64Comparator();
if (FLAGS_key_size != 8) {
fprintf(stderr, "Using Uint64 comparator but key size is not 8.\n");
exit(1);
}
}
options.memtable_prefix_bloom_bits = FLAGS_memtable_bloom_bits;
options.bloom_locality = FLAGS_bloom_locality;
options.max_open_files = FLAGS_open_files;
options.statistics = dbstats;
if (FLAGS_enable_io_prio) {
FLAGS_env->LowerThreadPoolIOPriority(Env::LOW);
FLAGS_env->LowerThreadPoolIOPriority(Env::HIGH);
}
if (FLAGS_disable_flashcache_for_background_threads &&
cachedev_fd_ == -1) {
// Avoid creating the env twice when an use_existing_db is true
cachedev_fd_ = open(FLAGS_flashcache_dev.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
if (cachedev_fd_ < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Open flash device failed\n");
exit(1);
}
flashcache_aware_env_ =
std::move(NewFlashcacheAwareEnv(FLAGS_env, cachedev_fd_));
if (flashcache_aware_env_.get() == nullptr) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open flashcahce device at %s\n",
FLAGS_flashcache_dev.c_str());
std::abort();
}
options.env = flashcache_aware_env_.get();
} else {
options.env = FLAGS_env;
}
options.disableDataSync = FLAGS_disable_data_sync;
options.use_fsync = FLAGS_use_fsync;
options.wal_dir = FLAGS_wal_dir;
options.num_levels = FLAGS_num_levels;
options.target_file_size_base = FLAGS_target_file_size_base;
options.target_file_size_multiplier = FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier;
options.max_bytes_for_level_base = FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base;
options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes =
FLAGS_level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes;
options.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier =
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
options.filter_deletes = FLAGS_filter_deletes;
if (FLAGS_row_cache_size) {
if (FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1) {
options.row_cache =
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_row_cache_size, FLAGS_cache_numshardbits);
} else {
options.row_cache = NewLRUCache(FLAGS_row_cache_size);
}
}
if ((FLAGS_prefix_size == 0) && (FLAGS_rep_factory == kPrefixHash ||
FLAGS_rep_factory == kHashLinkedList)) {
fprintf(stderr, "prefix_size should be non-zero if PrefixHash or "
"HashLinkedList memtablerep is used\n");
exit(1);
}
switch (FLAGS_rep_factory) {
case kSkipList:
options.memtable_factory.reset(new SkipListFactory(
FLAGS_skip_list_lookahead));
break;
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
case kPrefixHash:
options.memtable_factory.reset(
NewHashSkipListRepFactory(FLAGS_hash_bucket_count));
break;
case kHashLinkedList:
options.memtable_factory.reset(NewHashLinkListRepFactory(
FLAGS_hash_bucket_count));
break;
case kVectorRep:
options.memtable_factory.reset(
new VectorRepFactory
);
break;
case kCuckoo:
options.memtable_factory.reset(NewHashCuckooRepFactory(
options.write_buffer_size, FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size));
break;
#else
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Only skip list is supported in lite mode\n");
exit(1);
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
}
if (FLAGS_use_plain_table) {
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
if (FLAGS_rep_factory != kPrefixHash &&
FLAGS_rep_factory != kHashLinkedList) {
fprintf(stderr, "Waring: plain table is used with skipList\n");
}
if (!FLAGS_mmap_read && !FLAGS_mmap_write) {
fprintf(stderr, "plain table format requires mmap to operate\n");
exit(1);
}
int bloom_bits_per_key = FLAGS_bloom_bits;
if (bloom_bits_per_key < 0) {
bloom_bits_per_key = 0;
}
PlainTableOptions plain_table_options;
plain_table_options.user_key_len = FLAGS_key_size;
plain_table_options.bloom_bits_per_key = bloom_bits_per_key;
plain_table_options.hash_table_ratio = 0.75;
options.table_factory = std::shared_ptr<TableFactory>(
NewPlainTableFactory(plain_table_options));
#else
fprintf(stderr, "Plain table is not supported in lite mode\n");
exit(1);
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
} else if (FLAGS_use_cuckoo_table) {
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
if (FLAGS_cuckoo_hash_ratio > 1 || FLAGS_cuckoo_hash_ratio < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid cuckoo_hash_ratio\n");
exit(1);
}
rocksdb::CuckooTableOptions table_options;
table_options.hash_table_ratio = FLAGS_cuckoo_hash_ratio;
table_options.identity_as_first_hash = FLAGS_identity_as_first_hash;
options.table_factory = std::shared_ptr<TableFactory>(
NewCuckooTableFactory(table_options));
#else
fprintf(stderr, "Cuckoo table is not supported in lite mode\n");
exit(1);
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
} else {
BlockBasedTableOptions block_based_options;
if (FLAGS_use_hash_search) {
if (FLAGS_prefix_size == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"prefix_size not assigned when enable use_hash_search \n");
exit(1);
}
block_based_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kHashSearch;
} else {
block_based_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearch;
}
if (cache_ == nullptr) {
block_based_options.no_block_cache = true;
}
block_based_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks =
FLAGS_cache_index_and_filter_blocks;
block_based_options.block_cache = cache_;
block_based_options.block_cache_compressed = compressed_cache_;
block_based_options.block_size = FLAGS_block_size;
block_based_options.block_restart_interval = FLAGS_block_restart_interval;
block_based_options.filter_policy = filter_policy_;
block_based_options.format_version = 2;
options.table_factory.reset(
NewBlockBasedTableFactory(block_based_options));
}
if (FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v.size() > 0) {
if (FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v.size() !=
(unsigned int)FLAGS_num_levels) {
fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient number of fanouts specified %d\n",
(int)FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v.size());
exit(1);
}
options.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional =
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v;
}
options.level0_stop_writes_trigger = FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger;
options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger;
options.compression = FLAGS_compression_type_e;
options.compression_opts.level = FLAGS_compression_level;
options.WAL_ttl_seconds = FLAGS_wal_ttl_seconds;
options.WAL_size_limit_MB = FLAGS_wal_size_limit_MB;
options.max_total_wal_size = FLAGS_max_total_wal_size;
if (FLAGS_min_level_to_compress >= 0) {
assert(FLAGS_min_level_to_compress <= FLAGS_num_levels);
options.compression_per_level.resize(FLAGS_num_levels);
for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_min_level_to_compress; i++) {
options.compression_per_level[i] = kNoCompression;
}
for (int i = FLAGS_min_level_to_compress;
i < FLAGS_num_levels; i++) {
options.compression_per_level[i] = FLAGS_compression_type_e;
}
}
options.soft_rate_limit = FLAGS_soft_rate_limit;
options.hard_rate_limit = FLAGS_hard_rate_limit;
options.delayed_write_rate = FLAGS_delayed_write_rate;
options.rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds =
FLAGS_rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds;
options.table_cache_numshardbits = FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits;
options.max_grandparent_overlap_factor =
FLAGS_max_grandparent_overlap_factor;
options.disable_auto_compactions = FLAGS_disable_auto_compactions;
options.source_compaction_factor = FLAGS_source_compaction_factor;
// fill storage options
options.allow_os_buffer = FLAGS_bufferedio;
options.allow_mmap_reads = FLAGS_mmap_read;
options.allow_mmap_writes = FLAGS_mmap_write;
options.advise_random_on_open = FLAGS_advise_random_on_open;
options.access_hint_on_compaction_start = FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e;
options.use_adaptive_mutex = FLAGS_use_adaptive_mutex;
options.bytes_per_sync = FLAGS_bytes_per_sync;
options.wal_bytes_per_sync = FLAGS_wal_bytes_per_sync;
// merge operator options
options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateFromStringId(
FLAGS_merge_operator);
if (options.merge_operator == nullptr && !FLAGS_merge_operator.empty()) {
fprintf(stderr, "invalid merge operator: %s\n",
FLAGS_merge_operator.c_str());
exit(1);
}
options.max_successive_merges = FLAGS_max_successive_merges;
// set universal style compaction configurations, if applicable
if (FLAGS_universal_size_ratio != 0) {
options.compaction_options_universal.size_ratio =
FLAGS_universal_size_ratio;
}
if (FLAGS_universal_min_merge_width != 0) {
options.compaction_options_universal.min_merge_width =
FLAGS_universal_min_merge_width;
}
if (FLAGS_universal_max_merge_width != 0) {
options.compaction_options_universal.max_merge_width =
FLAGS_universal_max_merge_width;
}
if (FLAGS_universal_max_size_amplification_percent != 0) {
options.compaction_options_universal.max_size_amplification_percent =
FLAGS_universal_max_size_amplification_percent;
}
if (FLAGS_universal_compression_size_percent != -1) {
options.compaction_options_universal.compression_size_percent =
FLAGS_universal_compression_size_percent;
}
if (FLAGS_thread_status_per_interval > 0) {
options.enable_thread_tracking = true;
}
if (FLAGS_rate_limiter_bytes_per_sec > 0) {
options.rate_limiter.reset(
NewGenericRateLimiter(FLAGS_rate_limiter_bytes_per_sec));
}
if (FLAGS_readonly && FLAGS_transaction_db) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot use readonly flag with transaction_db\n");
exit(1);
}
if (FLAGS_num_multi_db <= 1) {
OpenDb(options, FLAGS_db, &db_);
} else {
multi_dbs_.clear();
multi_dbs_.resize(FLAGS_num_multi_db);
for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_num_multi_db; i++) {
OpenDb(options, GetDbNameForMultiple(FLAGS_db, i), &multi_dbs_[i]);
}
}
if (FLAGS_min_level_to_compress >= 0) {
options.compression_per_level.clear();
}
}
void OpenDb(const Options& options, const std::string& db_name,
DBWithColumnFamilies* db) {
Status s;
// Open with column families if necessary.
if (FLAGS_num_column_families > 1) {
size_t num_hot = FLAGS_num_column_families;
if (FLAGS_num_hot_column_families > 0 &&
FLAGS_num_hot_column_families < FLAGS_num_column_families) {
num_hot = FLAGS_num_hot_column_families;
} else {
FLAGS_num_hot_column_families = FLAGS_num_column_families;
}
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
for (size_t i = 0; i < num_hot; i++) {
column_families.push_back(ColumnFamilyDescriptor(
ColumnFamilyName(i), ColumnFamilyOptions(options)));
}
if (FLAGS_readonly) {
s = DB::OpenForReadOnly(options, db_name, column_families,
&db->cfh, &db->db);
} else if (FLAGS_transaction_db) {
s = OptimisticTransactionDB::Open(options, db_name, column_families,
&db->cfh, &db->txn_db);
if (s.ok()) {
db->db = db->txn_db->GetBaseDB();
}
} else {
s = DB::Open(options, db_name, column_families, &db->cfh, &db->db);
}
db->cfh.resize(FLAGS_num_column_families);
db->num_created = num_hot;
db->num_hot = num_hot;
} else if (FLAGS_readonly) {
s = DB::OpenForReadOnly(options, db_name, &db->db);
} else if (FLAGS_transaction_db) {
s = OptimisticTransactionDB::Open(options, db_name, &db->txn_db);
if (s.ok()) {
db->db = db->txn_db->GetBaseDB();
}
} else {
s = DB::Open(options, db_name, &db->db);
}
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
enum WriteMode {
RANDOM, SEQUENTIAL, UNIQUE_RANDOM
};
void WriteSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, SEQUENTIAL);
}
void WriteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, RANDOM);
}
void WriteUniqueRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, UNIQUE_RANDOM);
}
class KeyGenerator {
public:
KeyGenerator(Random64* rand, WriteMode mode,
uint64_t num, uint64_t num_per_set = 64 * 1024)
: rand_(rand),
mode_(mode),
num_(num),
next_(0) {
if (mode_ == UNIQUE_RANDOM) {
// NOTE: if memory consumption of this approach becomes a concern,
// we can either break it into pieces and only random shuffle a section
// each time. Alternatively, use a bit map implementation
// (https://reviews.facebook.net/differential/diff/54627/)
values_.resize(num_);
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_; ++i) {
values_[i] = i;
}
std::shuffle(
values_.begin(), values_.end(),
std::default_random_engine(static_cast<unsigned int>(FLAGS_seed)));
}
}
uint64_t Next() {
switch (mode_) {
case SEQUENTIAL:
return next_++;
case RANDOM:
return rand_->Next() % num_;
case UNIQUE_RANDOM:
return values_[next_++];
}
assert(false);
return std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
}
private:
Random64* rand_;
WriteMode mode_;
const uint64_t num_;
uint64_t next_;
std::vector<uint64_t> values_;
};
DB* SelectDB(ThreadState* thread) {
return SelectDBWithCfh(thread)->db;
}
DBWithColumnFamilies* SelectDBWithCfh(ThreadState* thread) {
return SelectDBWithCfh(thread->rand.Next());
}
DBWithColumnFamilies* SelectDBWithCfh(uint64_t rand_int) {
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
return &db_;
} else {
return &multi_dbs_[rand_int % multi_dbs_.size()];
}
}
void DoWrite(ThreadState* thread, WriteMode write_mode) {
const int test_duration = write_mode == RANDOM ? FLAGS_duration : 0;
const int64_t num_ops = writes_ == 0 ? num_ : writes_;
size_t num_key_gens = 1;
if (db_.db == nullptr) {
num_key_gens = multi_dbs_.size();
}
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<KeyGenerator>> key_gens(num_key_gens);
int64_t max_ops = num_ops * num_key_gens;
int64_t ops_per_stage = max_ops;
if (FLAGS_num_column_families > 1 && FLAGS_num_hot_column_families > 0) {
ops_per_stage = (max_ops - 1) / (FLAGS_num_column_families /
FLAGS_num_hot_column_families) +
1;
}
Duration duration(test_duration, max_ops, ops_per_stage);
for (size_t i = 0; i < num_key_gens; i++) {
key_gens[i].reset(new KeyGenerator(&(thread->rand), write_mode, num_,
ops_per_stage));
}
if (num_ != FLAGS_num) {
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%" PRIu64 " ops)", num_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
RandomGenerator gen;
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
int64_t bytes = 0;
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
int64_t stage = 0;
while (!duration.Done(entries_per_batch_)) {
if (duration.GetStage() != stage) {
stage = duration.GetStage();
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
db_.CreateNewCf(open_options_, stage);
} else {
for (auto& db : multi_dbs_) {
db.CreateNewCf(open_options_, stage);
}
}
}
size_t id = thread->rand.Next() % num_key_gens;
DBWithColumnFamilies* db_with_cfh = SelectDBWithCfh(id);
batch.Clear();
for (int64_t j = 0; j < entries_per_batch_; j++) {
if (thread->shared->write_rate_limiter.get() != nullptr) {
thread->shared->write_rate_limiter->Request(value_size_ + key_size_,
Env::IO_HIGH);
}
int64_t rand_num = key_gens[id]->Next();
GenerateKeyFromInt(rand_num, FLAGS_num, &key);
if (FLAGS_num_column_families <= 1) {
batch.Put(key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
} else {
// We use same rand_num as seed for key and column family so that we
// can deterministically find the cfh corresponding to a particular
// key while reading the key.
batch.Put(db_with_cfh->GetCfh(rand_num), key,
gen.Generate(value_size_));
}
bytes += value_size_ + key_size_;
}
s = db_with_cfh->db->Write(write_options_, &batch);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(db_with_cfh, db_with_cfh->db,
entries_per_batch_);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadSequential(ThreadState* thread) {
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
ReadSequential(thread, db_.db);
} else {
for (const auto& db_with_cfh : multi_dbs_) {
ReadSequential(thread, db_with_cfh.db);
}
}
}
void ReadSequential(ThreadState* thread, DB* db) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
options.tailing = FLAGS_use_tailing_iterator;
Iterator* iter = db->NewIterator(options);
int64_t i = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (iter->SeekToFirst(); i < reads_ && iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
bytes += iter->key().size() + iter->value().size();
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
++i;
}
delete iter;
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadReverse(ThreadState* thread) {
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
ReadReverse(thread, db_.db);
} else {
for (const auto& db_with_cfh : multi_dbs_) {
ReadReverse(thread, db_with_cfh.db);
}
}
}
void ReadReverse(ThreadState* thread, DB* db) {
Iterator* iter = db->NewIterator(ReadOptions(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true));
int64_t i = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (iter->SeekToLast(); i < reads_ && iter->Valid(); iter->Prev()) {
bytes += iter->key().size() + iter->value().size();
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
++i;
}
delete iter;
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadRandomFast(ThreadState* thread) {
int64_t read = 0;
int64_t found = 0;
int64_t nonexist = 0;
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
std::string value;
DB* db = SelectDBWithCfh(thread)->db;
int64_t pot = 1;
while (pot < FLAGS_num) {
pot <<= 1;
}
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
do {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
int64_t key_rand = thread->rand.Next() & (pot - 1);
GenerateKeyFromInt(key_rand, FLAGS_num, &key);
++read;
auto status = db->Get(options, key, &value);
if (status.ok()) {
++found;
} else if (!status.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Get returned an error: %s\n",
status.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
if (key_rand >= FLAGS_num) {
++nonexist;
}
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 100);
} while (!duration.Done(100));
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%" PRIu64 " of %" PRIu64 " found, "
"issued %" PRIu64 " non-exist keys)\n",
found, read, nonexist);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
if (FLAGS_perf_level > 0) {
thread->stats.AddMessage(perf_context.ToString());
}
}
int64_t GetRandomKey(Random64* rand) {
uint64_t rand_int = rand->Next();
int64_t key_rand;
if (read_random_exp_range_ == 0) {
key_rand = rand_int % FLAGS_num;
} else {
const uint64_t kBigInt = static_cast<uint64_t>(1U) << 62;
long double order = -static_cast<long double>(rand_int % kBigInt) /
static_cast<long double>(kBigInt) *
read_random_exp_range_;
long double exp_ran = std::exp(order);
uint64_t rand_num =
static_cast<int64_t>(exp_ran * static_cast<long double>(FLAGS_num));
// Map to a different number to avoid locality.
const uint64_t kBigPrime = 0x5bd1e995;
// Overflow is like %(2^64). Will have little impact of results.
key_rand = static_cast<int64_t>((rand_num * kBigPrime) % FLAGS_num);
}
return key_rand;
}
void ReadRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
int64_t read = 0;
int64_t found = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
std::string value;
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DBWithColumnFamilies* db_with_cfh = SelectDBWithCfh(thread);
// We use same key_rand as seed for key and column family so that we can
// deterministically find the cfh corresponding to a particular key, as it
// is done in DoWrite method.
int64_t key_rand = GetRandomKey(&thread->rand);
GenerateKeyFromInt(key_rand, FLAGS_num, &key);
read++;
Status s;
if (FLAGS_num_column_families > 1) {
s = db_with_cfh->db->Get(options, db_with_cfh->GetCfh(key_rand), key,
&value);
} else {
s = db_with_cfh->db->Get(options, key, &value);
}
if (s.ok()) {
found++;
bytes += key.size() + value.size();
} else if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Get returned an error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(db_with_cfh, db_with_cfh->db, 1);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%" PRIu64 " of %" PRIu64 " found)\n",
found, read);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
if (FLAGS_perf_level > 0) {
thread->stats.AddMessage(perf_context.ToString());
}
}
// Calls MultiGet over a list of keys from a random distribution.
// Returns the total number of keys found.
void MultiReadRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
int64_t read = 0;
int64_t found = 0;
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::vector<Slice> keys;
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const char[]> > key_guards;
std::vector<std::string> values(entries_per_batch_);
while (static_cast<int64_t>(keys.size()) < entries_per_batch_) {
key_guards.push_back(std::move(std::unique_ptr<const char[]>()));
keys.push_back(AllocateKey(&key_guards.back()));
}
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
for (int64_t i = 0; i < entries_per_batch_; ++i) {
GenerateKeyFromInt(GetRandomKey(&thread->rand), FLAGS_num, &keys[i]);
}
std::vector<Status> statuses = db->MultiGet(options, keys, &values);
assert(static_cast<int64_t>(statuses.size()) == entries_per_batch_);
read += entries_per_batch_;
for (int64_t i = 0; i < entries_per_batch_; ++i) {
if (statuses[i].ok()) {
++found;
} else if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "MultiGet returned an error: %s\n",
statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, entries_per_batch_);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%" PRIu64 " of %" PRIu64 " found)",
found, read);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void IteratorCreation(ThreadState* thread) {
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
Iterator* iter = db->NewIterator(options);
delete iter;
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
}
void IteratorCreationWhileWriting(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
IteratorCreation(thread);
} else {
BGWriter(thread, kPut);
}
}
void SeekRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
int64_t read = 0;
int64_t found = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
options.tailing = FLAGS_use_tailing_iterator;
Iterator* single_iter = nullptr;
std::vector<Iterator*> multi_iters;
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
single_iter = db_.db->NewIterator(options);
} else {
for (const auto& db_with_cfh : multi_dbs_) {
multi_iters.push_back(db_with_cfh.db->NewIterator(options));
}
}
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
char value_buffer[256];
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
if (!FLAGS_use_tailing_iterator) {
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
delete single_iter;
single_iter = db_.db->NewIterator(options);
} else {
for (auto iter : multi_iters) {
delete iter;
}
multi_iters.clear();
for (const auto& db_with_cfh : multi_dbs_) {
multi_iters.push_back(db_with_cfh.db->NewIterator(options));
}
}
}
// Pick a Iterator to use
Iterator* iter_to_use = single_iter;
if (single_iter == nullptr) {
iter_to_use = multi_iters[thread->rand.Next() % multi_iters.size()];
}
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num, FLAGS_num, &key);
iter_to_use->Seek(key);
read++;
if (iter_to_use->Valid() && iter_to_use->key().compare(key) == 0) {
found++;
}
for (int j = 0; j < FLAGS_seek_nexts && iter_to_use->Valid(); ++j) {
// Copy out iterator's value to make sure we read them.
Slice value = iter_to_use->value();
memcpy(value_buffer, value.data(),
std::min(value.size(), sizeof(value_buffer)));
bytes += iter_to_use->key().size() + iter_to_use->value().size();
if (!FLAGS_reverse_iterator) {
iter_to_use->Next();
} else {
iter_to_use->Prev();
}
assert(iter_to_use->status().ok());
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(&db_, db_.db, 1);
}
delete single_iter;
for (auto iter : multi_iters) {
delete iter;
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%" PRIu64 " of %" PRIu64 " found)\n",
found, read);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
if (FLAGS_perf_level > 0) {
thread->stats.AddMessage(perf_context.ToString());
}
}
void SeekRandomWhileWriting(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
SeekRandom(thread);
} else {
BGWriter(thread, kPut);
}
}
void SeekRandomWhileMerging(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
SeekRandom(thread);
} else {
BGWriter(thread, kMerge);
}
}
void DoDelete(ThreadState* thread, bool seq) {
WriteBatch batch;
Duration duration(seq ? 0 : FLAGS_duration, num_);
int64_t i = 0;
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
while (!duration.Done(entries_per_batch_)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
batch.Clear();
for (int64_t j = 0; j < entries_per_batch_; ++j) {
const int64_t k = seq ? i + j : (thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num);
GenerateKeyFromInt(k, FLAGS_num, &key);
batch.Delete(key);
}
auto s = db->Write(write_options_, &batch);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, entries_per_batch_);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "del error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
i += entries_per_batch_;
}
}
void DeleteSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
DoDelete(thread, true);
}
void DeleteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoDelete(thread, false);
}
void ReadWhileWriting(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
ReadRandom(thread);
} else {
BGWriter(thread, kPut);
}
}
void ReadWhileMerging(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
ReadRandom(thread);
} else {
BGWriter(thread, kMerge);
}
}
void BGWriter(ThreadState* thread, enum PutOrMerge write_merge) {
// Special thread that keeps writing until other threads are done.
RandomGenerator gen;
double last = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
int writes_per_second_by_10 = 0;
int num_writes = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
// --writes_per_second rate limit is enforced per 100 milliseconds
// intervals to avoid a burst of writes at the start of each second.
if (FLAGS_writes_per_second > 0)
writes_per_second_by_10 = FLAGS_writes_per_second / 10;
// Don't merge stats from this thread with the readers.
thread->stats.SetExcludeFromMerge();
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
while (true) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
{
MutexLock l(&thread->shared->mu);
if (thread->shared->num_done + 1 >= thread->shared->num_initialized) {
// Other threads have finished
break;
}
}
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num, FLAGS_num, &key);
Status s;
if (write_merge == kPut) {
s = db->Put(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
} else {
s = db->Merge(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
}
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put or merge error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
bytes += key.size() + value_size_;
thread->stats.FinishedOps(&db_, db_.db, 1);
++num_writes;
if (writes_per_second_by_10 && num_writes >= writes_per_second_by_10) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double usecs_since_last = now - last;
num_writes = 0;
last = now;
if (usecs_since_last < 100000.0) {
FLAGS_env->SleepForMicroseconds(100000.0 - usecs_since_last);
last = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
}
}
}
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
// Given a key K and value V, this puts (K+"0", V), (K+"1", V), (K+"2", V)
// in DB atomically i.e in a single batch. Also refer GetMany.
Status PutMany(DB* db, const WriteOptions& writeoptions, const Slice& key,
const Slice& value) {
std::string suffixes[3] = {"2", "1", "0"};
std::string keys[3];
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
keys[i] = key.ToString() + suffixes[i];
batch.Put(keys[i], value);
}
s = db->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
return s;
}
// Given a key K, this deletes (K+"0", V), (K+"1", V), (K+"2", V)
// in DB atomically i.e in a single batch. Also refer GetMany.
Status DeleteMany(DB* db, const WriteOptions& writeoptions,
const Slice& key) {
std::string suffixes[3] = {"1", "2", "0"};
std::string keys[3];
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
keys[i] = key.ToString() + suffixes[i];
batch.Delete(keys[i]);
}
s = db->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
return s;
}
// Given a key K and value V, this gets values for K+"0", K+"1" and K+"2"
// in the same snapshot, and verifies that all the values are identical.
// ASSUMES that PutMany was used to put (K, V) into the DB.
Status GetMany(DB* db, const ReadOptions& readoptions, const Slice& key,
std::string* value) {
std::string suffixes[3] = {"0", "1", "2"};
std::string keys[3];
Slice key_slices[3];
std::string values[3];
ReadOptions readoptionscopy = readoptions;
readoptionscopy.snapshot = db->GetSnapshot();
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
keys[i] = key.ToString() + suffixes[i];
key_slices[i] = keys[i];
s = db->Get(readoptionscopy, key_slices[i], value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
values[i] = "";
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
values[i] = "";
} else {
values[i] = *value;
}
}
db->ReleaseSnapshot(readoptionscopy.snapshot);
if ((values[0] != values[1]) || (values[1] != values[2])) {
fprintf(stderr, "inconsistent values for key %s: %s, %s, %s\n",
key.ToString().c_str(), values[0].c_str(), values[1].c_str(),
values[2].c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
}
return s;
}
// Differs from readrandomwriterandom in the following ways:
// (a) Uses GetMany/PutMany to read/write key values. Refer to those funcs.
// (b) Does deletes as well (per FLAGS_deletepercent)
// (c) In order to achieve high % of 'found' during lookups, and to do
// multiple writes (including puts and deletes) it uses upto
// FLAGS_numdistinct distinct keys instead of FLAGS_num distinct keys.
// (d) Does not have a MultiGet option.
void RandomWithVerify(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
int64_t found = 0;
int get_weight = 0;
int put_weight = 0;
int delete_weight = 0;
int64_t gets_done = 0;
int64_t puts_done = 0;
int64_t deletes_done = 0;
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
for (int64_t i = 0; i < readwrites_; i++) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
if (get_weight == 0 && put_weight == 0 && delete_weight == 0) {
// one batch completed, reinitialize for next batch
get_weight = FLAGS_readwritepercent;
delete_weight = FLAGS_deletepercent;
put_weight = 100 - get_weight - delete_weight;
}
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_numdistinct,
FLAGS_numdistinct, &key);
if (get_weight > 0) {
// do all the gets first
Status s = GetMany(db, options, key, &value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "getmany error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
found++;
}
get_weight--;
gets_done++;
} else if (put_weight > 0) {
// then do all the corresponding number of puts
// for all the gets we have done earlier
Status s = PutMany(db, write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "putmany error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
put_weight--;
puts_done++;
} else if (delete_weight > 0) {
Status s = DeleteMany(db, write_options_, key);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "deletemany error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
delete_weight--;
deletes_done++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(&db_, db_.db, 1);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( get:%" PRIu64 " put:%" PRIu64 " del:%" PRIu64 " total:%" \
PRIu64 " found:%" PRIu64 ")",
gets_done, puts_done, deletes_done, readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// This is different from ReadWhileWriting because it does not use
// an extra thread.
void ReadRandomWriteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
int64_t found = 0;
int get_weight = 0;
int put_weight = 0;
int64_t reads_done = 0;
int64_t writes_done = 0;
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num, FLAGS_num, &key);
if (get_weight == 0 && put_weight == 0) {
// one batch completed, reinitialize for next batch
get_weight = FLAGS_readwritepercent;
put_weight = 100 - get_weight;
}
if (get_weight > 0) {
// do all the gets first
Status s = db->Get(options, key, &value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
found++;
}
get_weight--;
reads_done++;
} else if (put_weight > 0) {
// then do all the corresponding number of puts
// for all the gets we have done earlier
Status s = db->Put(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
put_weight--;
writes_done++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( reads:%" PRIu64 " writes:%" PRIu64 \
" total:%" PRIu64 " found:%" PRIu64 ")",
reads_done, writes_done, readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
//
// Read-modify-write for random keys
void UpdateRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
int64_t found = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num, FLAGS_num, &key);
auto status = db->Get(options, key, &value);
if (status.ok()) {
++found;
bytes += key.size() + value.size();
} else if (!status.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Get returned an error: %s\n",
status.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
Status s = db->Put(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
bytes += key.size() + value_size_;
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( updates:%" PRIu64 " found:%" PRIu64 ")", readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// Read-modify-write for random keys.
// Each operation causes the key grow by value_size (simulating an append).
// Generally used for benchmarking against merges of similar type
void AppendRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
int64_t found = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
// The number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num, FLAGS_num, &key);
auto status = db->Get(options, key, &value);
if (status.ok()) {
++found;
bytes += key.size() + value.size();
} else if (!status.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Get returned an error: %s\n",
status.ToString().c_str());
abort();
} else {
// If not existing, then just assume an empty string of data
value.clear();
}
// Update the value (by appending data)
Slice operand = gen.Generate(value_size_);
if (value.size() > 0) {
// Use a delimeter to match the semantics for StringAppendOperator
value.append(1,',');
}
value.append(operand.data(), operand.size());
// Write back to the database
Status s = db->Put(write_options_, key, value);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
bytes += key.size() + value.size();
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( updates:%" PRIu64 " found:%" PRIu64 ")",
readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// Read-modify-write for random keys (using MergeOperator)
// The merge operator to use should be defined by FLAGS_merge_operator
// Adjust FLAGS_value_size so that the keys are reasonable for this operator
// Assumes that the merge operator is non-null (i.e.: is well-defined)
//
// For example, use FLAGS_merge_operator="uint64add" and FLAGS_value_size=8
// to simulate random additions over 64-bit integers using merge.
//
// The number of merges on the same key can be controlled by adjusting
// FLAGS_merge_keys.
void MergeRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
int64_t bytes = 0;
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
// The number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % merge_keys_, merge_keys_, &key);
Status s = db->Merge(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "merge error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
bytes += key.size() + value_size_;
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
// Print some statistics
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( updates:%" PRIu64 ")", readwrites_);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// Read and merge random keys. The amount of reads and merges are controlled
// by adjusting FLAGS_num and FLAGS_mergereadpercent. The number of distinct
// keys (and thus also the number of reads and merges on the same key) can be
// adjusted with FLAGS_merge_keys.
//
// As with MergeRandom, the merge operator to use should be defined by
// FLAGS_merge_operator.
void ReadRandomMergeRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
int64_t num_hits = 0;
int64_t num_gets = 0;
int64_t num_merges = 0;
size_t max_length = 0;
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
GenerateKeyFromInt(thread->rand.Next() % merge_keys_, merge_keys_, &key);
bool do_merge = int(thread->rand.Next() % 100) < FLAGS_mergereadpercent;
if (do_merge) {
Status s = db->Merge(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "merge error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
num_merges++;
} else {
Status s = db->Get(options, key, &value);
if (value.length() > max_length)
max_length = value.length();
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
num_hits++;
}
num_gets++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"(reads:%" PRIu64 " merges:%" PRIu64 " total:%" PRIu64
" hits:%" PRIu64 " maxlength:%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt ")",
num_gets, num_merges, readwrites_, num_hits, max_length);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void WriteSeqSeekSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
writes_ = FLAGS_num;
DoWrite(thread, SEQUENTIAL);
// exclude writes from the ops/sec calculation
thread->stats.Start(thread->tid);
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(
db->NewIterator(ReadOptions(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true)));
std::unique_ptr<const char[]> key_guard;
Slice key = AllocateKey(&key_guard);
for (int64_t i = 0; i < FLAGS_num; ++i) {
GenerateKeyFromInt(i, FLAGS_num, &key);
iter->Seek(key);
assert(iter->Valid() && iter->key() == key);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
for (int j = 0; j < FLAGS_seek_nexts && i + 1 < FLAGS_num; ++j) {
if (!FLAGS_reverse_iterator) {
iter->Next();
} else {
iter->Prev();
}
GenerateKeyFromInt(++i, FLAGS_num, &key);
assert(iter->Valid() && iter->key() == key);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
iter->Seek(key);
assert(iter->Valid() && iter->key() == key);
thread->stats.FinishedOps(nullptr, db, 1);
}
}
// This benchmark stress tests Transactions. For a given --duration (or
// total number of --writes, a Transaction will perform a read-modify-write
// to increment the value of a key in each of N(--transaction-sets) sets of
// keys (where each set has --num keys). If --threads is set, this will be
// done in parallel.
//
// To test transactions, use --transaction_db=true. Not setting this
// parameter
// will run the same benchmark without transactions.
//
// RandomTransactionVerify() will then validate the correctness of the results
// by checking if the sum of all keys in each set is the same.
void RandomTransaction(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
ReadOptions read_options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::string value;
DB* db = db_.db;
uint64_t transactions_done = 0;
uint64_t transactions_aborted = 0;
Status s;
uint64_t num_prefix_ranges = FLAGS_transaction_sets;
bool use_txn = FLAGS_transaction_db;
if (num_prefix_ranges == 0 || num_prefix_ranges > 9999) {
fprintf(stderr, "invalid value for transaction_sets\n");
abort();
}
if (FLAGS_num_multi_db > 1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Cannot run RandomTransaction benchmark with "
"FLAGS_multi_db > 1.");
abort();
}
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
OptimisticTransaction* txn = nullptr;
WriteBatch* batch = nullptr;
if (use_txn) {
txn = db_.txn_db->BeginTransaction(write_options_);
assert(txn);
} else {
batch = new WriteBatch();
}
// pick a random number to use to increment a key in each set
uint64_t incr = (thread->rand.Next() % 100) + 1;
// For each set, pick a key at random and increment it
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_prefix_ranges; i++) {
uint64_t int_value;
char prefix_buf[5];
// key format: [SET#][random#]
std::string rand_key = ToString(thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num);
Slice base_key(rand_key);
// Pad prefix appropriately so we can iterate over each set
snprintf(prefix_buf, sizeof(prefix_buf), "%04d", i + 1);
std::string full_key = std::string(prefix_buf) + base_key.ToString();
Slice key(full_key);
if (use_txn) {
s = txn->Get(read_options, key, &value);
} else {
s = db->Get(read_options, key, &value);
}
if (s.ok()) {
int_value = std::stoull(value);
if (int_value == 0 || int_value == ULONG_MAX) {
fprintf(stderr, "Get returned unexpected value: %s\n",
value.c_str());
abort();
}
} else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
int_value = 0;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Get returned an error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
if (FLAGS_transaction_sleep > 0) {
FLAGS_env->SleepForMicroseconds(thread->rand.Next() %
FLAGS_transaction_sleep);
}
std::string sum = ToString(int_value + incr);
if (use_txn) {
txn->Put(key, sum);
} else {
batch->Put(key, sum);
}
}
if (use_txn) {
s = txn->Commit();
} else {
s = db->Write(write_options_, batch);
}
if (!s.ok()) {
// Ideally, we'd want to run this stress test with enough concurrency
// on a small enough set of keys that we get some failed transactions
// due to conflicts.
if (use_txn && s.IsBusy()) {
transactions_aborted++;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected write error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
}
if (txn) {
delete txn;
}
if (batch) {
delete batch;
}
transactions_done++;
}
char msg[100];
if (use_txn) {
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( transactions:%" PRIu64 " aborts:%" PRIu64 ")",
transactions_done, transactions_aborted);
} else {
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( batches:%" PRIu64 " )", transactions_done);
}
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
if (FLAGS_perf_level > 0) {
thread->stats.AddMessage(perf_context.ToString());
}
}
// Verifies consistency of data after RandomTransaction() has been run.
// Since each iteration of RandomTransaction() incremented a key in each set
// by the same value, the sum of the keys in each set should be the same.
void RandomTransactionVerify() {
if (!FLAGS_transaction_db) {
// transactions not used, nothing to verify.
return;
}
uint64_t prev_total = 0;
// For each set of keys with the same prefix, sum all the values
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < FLAGS_transaction_sets; i++) {
char prefix_buf[5];
snprintf(prefix_buf, sizeof(prefix_buf), "%04u", i + 1);
uint64_t total = 0;
Iterator* iter = db_.db->NewIterator(ReadOptions());
for (iter->Seek(Slice(prefix_buf, 4)); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
Slice key = iter->key();
// stop when we reach a different prefix
if (key.ToString().compare(0, 4, prefix_buf) != 0) {
break;
}
Slice value = iter->value();
uint64_t int_value = std::stoull(value.ToString());
if (int_value == 0 || int_value == ULONG_MAX) {
fprintf(stderr, "Iter returned unexpected value: %s\n",
value.ToString().c_str());
abort();
}
total += int_value;
}
delete iter;
if (i > 0) {
if (total != prev_total) {
fprintf(stderr,
"RandomTransactionVerify found inconsistent totals. "
"Set[%" PRIu32 "]: %" PRIu64 ", Set[%" PRIu32 "]: %" PRIu64
" \n",
i - 1, prev_total, i, total);
abort();
}
}
prev_total = total;
}
fprintf(stdout, "RandomTransactionVerify Success! Total:%" PRIu64 "\n",
prev_total);
}
void Compact(ThreadState* thread) {
DB* db = SelectDB(thread);
db->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
}
void PrintStats(const char* key) {
if (db_.db != nullptr) {
PrintStats(db_.db, key, false);
}
for (const auto& db_with_cfh : multi_dbs_) {
PrintStats(db_with_cfh.db, key, true);
}
}
void PrintStats(DB* db, const char* key, bool print_header = false) {
if (print_header) {
fprintf(stdout, "\n==== DB: %s ===\n", db->GetName().c_str());
}
std::string stats;
if (!db->GetProperty(key, &stats)) {
stats = "(failed)";
}
fprintf(stdout, "\n%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
};
} // namespace rocksdb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
rocksdb::port::InstallStackTraceHandler();
SetUsageMessage(std::string("\nUSAGE:\n") + std::string(argv[0]) +
" [OPTIONS]...");
ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
FLAGS_compaction_style_e = (rocksdb::CompactionStyle) FLAGS_compaction_style;
if (FLAGS_statistics) {
dbstats = rocksdb::CreateDBStatistics();
}
std::vector<std::string> fanout = rocksdb::StringSplit(
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional, ',');
for (unsigned int j= 0; j < fanout.size(); j++) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v.push_back(
#ifndef CYGWIN
std::stoi(fanout[j]));
#else
stoi(fanout[j]));
#endif
}
FLAGS_compression_type_e =
StringToCompressionType(FLAGS_compression_type.c_str());
if (!FLAGS_hdfs.empty()) {
FLAGS_env = new rocksdb::HdfsEnv(FLAGS_hdfs);
}
if (!strcasecmp(FLAGS_compaction_fadvice.c_str(), "NONE"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e = rocksdb::Options::NONE;
else if (!strcasecmp(FLAGS_compaction_fadvice.c_str(), "NORMAL"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e = rocksdb::Options::NORMAL;
else if (!strcasecmp(FLAGS_compaction_fadvice.c_str(), "SEQUENTIAL"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e = rocksdb::Options::SEQUENTIAL;
else if (!strcasecmp(FLAGS_compaction_fadvice.c_str(), "WILLNEED"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e = rocksdb::Options::WILLNEED;
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Unknown compaction fadvice:%s\n",
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice.c_str());
}
FLAGS_rep_factory = StringToRepFactory(FLAGS_memtablerep.c_str());
// The number of background threads should be at least as much the
// max number of concurrent compactions.
FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(FLAGS_max_background_compactions);
FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(FLAGS_max_background_flushes,
rocksdb::Env::Priority::HIGH);
// Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
if (FLAGS_db.empty()) {
std::string default_db_path;
rocksdb::Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
default_db_path += "/dbbench";
FLAGS_db = default_db_path;
}
if (FLAGS_stats_interval_seconds > 0) {
// When both are set then FLAGS_stats_interval determines the frequency
// at which the timer is checked for FLAGS_stats_interval_seconds
FLAGS_stats_interval = 1000;
}
rocksdb::Benchmark benchmark;
benchmark.Run();
return 0;
}
#endif // GFLAGS