rocksdb/test_util/transaction_test_util.cc

// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).

#include "test_util/transaction_test_util.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <numeric>
#include <random>
#include <string>
#include <thread>

#include "db/dbformat.h"
#include "db/snapshot_impl.h"
#include "logging/logging.h"
#include "rocksdb/db.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/optimistic_transaction_db.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction_db.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/string_util.h"

namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {

RandomTransactionInserter::RandomTransactionInserter(
    Random64* rand, const WriteOptions& write_options,
    const ReadOptions& read_options, uint64_t num_keys, uint16_t num_sets,
    const uint64_t cmt_delay_ms, const uint64_t first_id)
    : rand_(rand),
      write_options_(write_options),
      read_options_(read_options),
      num_keys_(num_keys),
      num_sets_(num_sets),
      txn_id_(first_id),
      cmt_delay_ms_(cmt_delay_ms) {}

RandomTransactionInserter::~RandomTransactionInserter() {
  if (txn_ != nullptr) {
    delete txn_;
  }
  if (optimistic_txn_ != nullptr) {
    delete optimistic_txn_;
  }
}

bool RandomTransactionInserter::TransactionDBInsert(
    TransactionDB* db, const TransactionOptions& txn_options) {
  txn_ = db->BeginTransaction(write_options_, txn_options, txn_);

  std::hash<std::thread::id> hasher;
  char name[64];
  snprintf(name, 64, "txn%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt "-%" PRIu64,
           hasher(std::this_thread::get_id()), txn_id_++);
  assert(strlen(name) < 64 - 1);
  assert(txn_->SetName(name).ok());

  // Take a snapshot if set_snapshot was not set or with 50% change otherwise
  bool take_snapshot = txn_->GetSnapshot() == nullptr || rand_->OneIn(2);
  if (take_snapshot) {
    txn_->SetSnapshot();
    read_options_.snapshot = txn_->GetSnapshot();
  }
  auto res = DoInsert(db, txn_, false);
  if (take_snapshot) {
    read_options_.snapshot = nullptr;
  }
  return res;
}

bool RandomTransactionInserter::OptimisticTransactionDBInsert(
    OptimisticTransactionDB* db,
    const OptimisticTransactionOptions& txn_options) {
  optimistic_txn_ =
      db->BeginTransaction(write_options_, txn_options, optimistic_txn_);

  return DoInsert(db, optimistic_txn_, true);
}

bool RandomTransactionInserter::DBInsert(DB* db) {
  return DoInsert(db, nullptr, false);
}

Status RandomTransactionInserter::DBGet(
    DB* db, Transaction* txn, ReadOptions& read_options, uint16_t set_i,
    uint64_t ikey, bool get_for_update, uint64_t* int_value,
    std::string* full_key, bool* unexpected_error) {
  Status s;
  // Five digits (since the largest uint16_t is 65535) plus the NUL
  // end char.
  char prefix_buf[6] = {0};
  // Pad prefix appropriately so we can iterate over each set
  assert(set_i + 1 <= 9999);
  snprintf(prefix_buf, sizeof(prefix_buf), "%.4u", set_i + 1);
  // key format:  [SET#][random#]
  std::string skey = std::to_string(ikey);
  Slice base_key(skey);
  *full_key = std::string(prefix_buf) + base_key.ToString();
  Slice key(*full_key);

  std::string value;
  if (txn != nullptr) {
    if (get_for_update) {
      s = txn->GetForUpdate(read_options, key, &value);
    } else {
      s = txn->Get(read_options, key, &value);
    }
  } else {
    s = db->Get(read_options, key, &value);
  }

  if (s.ok()) {
    // Found key, parse its value
    *int_value = std::stoull(value);
    if (*int_value == 0 || *int_value == ULONG_MAX) {
      *unexpected_error = true;
      fprintf(stderr, "Get returned unexpected value: %s\n", value.c_str());
      s = Status::Corruption();
    }
  } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
    // Have not yet written to this key, so assume its value is 0
    *int_value = 0;
    s = Status::OK();
  }
  return s;
}

bool RandomTransactionInserter::DoInsert(DB* db, Transaction* txn,
                                         bool is_optimistic) {
  Status s;
  WriteBatch batch;

  // pick a random number to use to increment a key in each set
  uint64_t incr = (rand_->Next() % 100) + 1;
  bool unexpected_error = false;

  std::vector<uint16_t> set_vec(num_sets_);
  std::iota(set_vec.begin(), set_vec.end(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0));
  RandomShuffle(set_vec.begin(), set_vec.end());

  // For each set, pick a key at random and increment it
  for (uint16_t set_i : set_vec) {
    uint64_t int_value = 0;
    std::string full_key;
    uint64_t rand_key = rand_->Next() % num_keys_;
    const bool get_for_update = txn ? rand_->OneIn(2) : false;
    s = DBGet(db, txn, read_options_, set_i, rand_key, get_for_update,
              &int_value, &full_key, &unexpected_error);
    Slice key(full_key);
    if (!s.ok()) {
      // Optimistic transactions should never return non-ok status here.
      // Non-optimistic transactions may return write-coflict/timeout errors.
      if (is_optimistic || !(s.IsBusy() || s.IsTimedOut() || s.IsTryAgain())) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Get returned an unexpected error: %s\n",
                s.ToString().c_str());
        unexpected_error = true;
      }
      break;
    }

    if (s.ok()) {
      // Increment key
      std::string sum = std::to_string(int_value + incr);
      if (txn != nullptr) {
        if ((set_i % 4) != 0) {
          s = txn->SingleDelete(key);
        } else {
          s = txn->Delete(key);
        }
        if (!get_for_update && (s.IsBusy() || s.IsTimedOut())) {
          // If the initial get was not for update, then the key is not locked
          // before put and put could fail due to concurrent writes.
          break;
        } else if (!s.ok()) {
          // Since we did a GetForUpdate, SingleDelete should not fail.
          fprintf(stderr, "SingleDelete returned an unexpected error: %s\n",
                  s.ToString().c_str());
          unexpected_error = true;
        }
        s = txn->Put(key, sum);
        if (!s.ok()) {
          // Since we did a GetForUpdate, Put should not fail.
          fprintf(stderr, "Put returned an unexpected error: %s\n",
                  s.ToString().c_str());
          unexpected_error = true;
        }
      } else {
        batch.Put(key, sum);
      }
      bytes_inserted_ += key.size() + sum.size();
    }
    if (txn != nullptr) {
      ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(db->GetDBOptions().info_log,
                      "Insert (%s) %s snap: %" PRIu64 " key:%s value: %" PRIu64
                      "+%" PRIu64 "=%" PRIu64,
                      txn->GetName().c_str(), s.ToString().c_str(),
                      txn->GetSnapshot()->GetSequenceNumber(), full_key.c_str(),
                      int_value, incr, int_value + incr);
    }
  }

  if (s.ok()) {
    if (txn != nullptr) {
      bool with_prepare = !is_optimistic && !rand_->OneIn(10);
      if (with_prepare) {
        // Also try commit without prepare
        s = txn->Prepare();
        if (!s.ok()) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Prepare returned an unexpected error: %s\n",
                  s.ToString().c_str());
        }
        assert(s.ok());
        ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(db->GetDBOptions().info_log,
                        "Prepare of %" PRIu64 " %s (%s)", txn->GetId(),
                        s.ToString().c_str(), txn->GetName().c_str());
        if (rand_->OneIn(20)) {
          // This currently only tests the mechanics of writing commit time
          // write batch so the exact values would not matter.
          s = txn_->GetCommitTimeWriteBatch()->Put("cat", "dog");
          assert(s.ok());
        }
        db->GetDBOptions().env->SleepForMicroseconds(
            static_cast<int>(cmt_delay_ms_ * 1000));
      }
      if (!rand_->OneIn(20)) {
        s = txn->Commit();
        assert(!with_prepare || s.ok());
        ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(db->GetDBOptions().info_log,
                        "Commit of %" PRIu64 " %s (%s)", txn->GetId(),
                        s.ToString().c_str(), txn->GetName().c_str());
      } else {
        // Also try 5% rollback
        s = txn->Rollback();
        ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(db->GetDBOptions().info_log,
                        "Rollback %" PRIu64 " %s %s", txn->GetId(),
                        txn->GetName().c_str(), s.ToString().c_str());
        assert(s.ok());
      }
      assert(is_optimistic || s.ok());

      if (!s.ok()) {
        if (is_optimistic) {
          // Optimistic transactions can have write-conflict errors on commit.
          // Any other error is unexpected.
          if (!(s.IsBusy() || s.IsTimedOut() || s.IsTryAgain())) {
            unexpected_error = true;
          }
        } else {
          // Non-optimistic transactions should only fail due to expiration
          // or write failures.  For testing purproses, we do not expect any
          // write failures.
          if (!s.IsExpired()) {
            unexpected_error = true;
          }
        }

        if (unexpected_error) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Commit returned an unexpected error: %s\n",
                  s.ToString().c_str());
        }
      }
    } else {
      s = db->Write(write_options_, &batch);
      if (!s.ok()) {
        unexpected_error = true;
        fprintf(stderr, "Write returned an unexpected error: %s\n",
                s.ToString().c_str());
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (txn != nullptr) {
      assert(txn->Rollback().ok());
      ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(db->GetDBOptions().info_log, "Error %s for txn %s",
                      s.ToString().c_str(), txn->GetName().c_str());
    }
  }

  if (s.ok()) {
    success_count_++;
  } else {
    failure_count_++;
  }

  last_status_ = s;

  // return success if we didn't get any unexpected errors
  return !unexpected_error;
}

// Verify that the sum of the keys in each set are equal
Status RandomTransactionInserter::Verify(DB* db, uint16_t num_sets,
                                         uint64_t num_keys_per_set,
                                         bool take_snapshot, Random64* rand,
                                         uint64_t delay_ms) {
  // delay_ms is the delay between taking a snapshot and doing the reads. It
  // emulates reads from a long-running backup job.
  assert(delay_ms == 0 || take_snapshot);
  uint64_t prev_total = 0;
  uint32_t prev_i = 0;
  bool prev_assigned = false;

  ReadOptions roptions;
  if (take_snapshot) {
    roptions.snapshot = db->GetSnapshot();
    db->GetDBOptions().env->SleepForMicroseconds(
        static_cast<int>(delay_ms * 1000));
  }

  std::vector<uint16_t> set_vec(num_sets);
  std::iota(set_vec.begin(), set_vec.end(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0));
  RandomShuffle(set_vec.begin(), set_vec.end());

  // For each set of keys with the same prefix, sum all the values
  for (uint16_t set_i : set_vec) {
    // Five digits (since the largest uint16_t is 65535) plus the NUL
    // end char.
    char prefix_buf[6];
    assert(set_i + 1 <= 9999);
    snprintf(prefix_buf, sizeof(prefix_buf), "%.4u", set_i + 1);
    uint64_t total = 0;

    // Use either point lookup or iterator. Point lookups are slower so we use
    // it less often.
    const bool use_point_lookup =
        num_keys_per_set != 0 && rand && rand->OneIn(10);
    if (use_point_lookup) {
      ReadOptions read_options;
      for (uint64_t k = 0; k < num_keys_per_set; k++) {
        std::string dont_care;
        uint64_t int_value = 0;
        bool unexpected_error = false;
        const bool FOR_UPDATE = false;
        Status s = DBGet(db, nullptr, roptions, set_i, k, FOR_UPDATE,
                         &int_value, &dont_care, &unexpected_error);
        assert(s.ok());
        assert(!unexpected_error);
        total += int_value;
      }
    } else {  // user iterators
      Iterator* iter = db->NewIterator(roptions);
      for (iter->Seek(Slice(prefix_buf, 4)); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
        Slice key = iter->key();
        // stop when we reach a different prefix
        if (key.ToString().compare(0, 4, prefix_buf) != 0) {
          break;
        }
        Slice value = iter->value();
        uint64_t int_value = std::stoull(value.ToString());
        if (int_value == 0 || int_value == ULONG_MAX) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Iter returned unexpected value: %s\n",
                  value.ToString().c_str());
          return Status::Corruption();
        }
        ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(
            db->GetDBOptions().info_log,
            "VerifyRead at %" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu64 "): %.*s value: %" PRIu64,
            roptions.snapshot ? roptions.snapshot->GetSequenceNumber() : 0ul,
            roptions.snapshot
                ? ((SnapshotImpl*)roptions.snapshot)->min_uncommitted_
                : 0ul,
            static_cast<int>(key.size()), key.data(), int_value);
        total += int_value;
      }
      iter->status().PermitUncheckedError();
      delete iter;
    }

    if (prev_assigned && total != prev_total) {
      db->GetDBOptions().info_log->Flush();
      fprintf(stdout,
              "RandomTransactionVerify found inconsistent totals using "
              "pointlookup? %d "
              "Set[%" PRIu32 "]: %" PRIu64 ", Set[%" PRIu32 "]: %" PRIu64
              " at snapshot %" PRIu64 "\n",
              use_point_lookup, prev_i, prev_total, set_i, total,
              roptions.snapshot ? roptions.snapshot->GetSequenceNumber() : 0ul);
      fflush(stdout);
      return Status::Corruption();
    } else {
      ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(
          db->GetDBOptions().info_log,
          "RandomTransactionVerify pass pointlookup? %d total: %" PRIu64
          " snap: %" PRIu64,
          use_point_lookup, total,
          roptions.snapshot ? roptions.snapshot->GetSequenceNumber() : 0ul);
    }
    prev_total = total;
    prev_i = set_i;
    prev_assigned = true;
  }
  if (take_snapshot) {
    db->ReleaseSnapshot(roptions.snapshot);
  }

  return Status::OK();
}

}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE