// Copyright 2014 Tyler Neely
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//

//! rustic merge operator
//!
//! ```
//! use rocksdb::{Options, DB, MergeOperands};
//!
//! fn concat_merge(new_key: &[u8],
//!                 existing_val: Option<&[u8]>,
//!                 operands: &mut MergeOperands)
//!                 -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
//!
//!    let mut result: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(operands.size_hint().0);
//!    existing_val.map(|v| {
//!        for e in v {
//!            result.push(*e)
//!        }
//!    });
//!    for op in operands {
//!        for e in op {
//!            result.push(*e)
//!        }
//!    }
//!    Some(result)
//! }
//!
//! fn main() {
//!    let path = "_rust_path_to_rocksdb";
//!    let mut opts = Options::default();
//!    opts.create_if_missing(true);
//!    opts.set_merge_operator("test operator", concat_merge, None);
//!    {
//!        let db = DB::open(&opts, path).unwrap();
//!         let p = db.put(b"k1", b"a");
//!         db.merge(b"k1", b"b");
//!         db.merge(b"k1", b"c");
//!         db.merge(b"k1", b"d");
//!         db.merge(b"k1", b"efg");
//!         let r = db.get(b"k1");
//!         assert!(r.unwrap().unwrap().to_utf8().unwrap() == "abcdefg");
//!    }
//!    let _ = DB::destroy(&opts, path);
//! }
//! ```

use libc::{self, c_char, c_int, c_void, size_t};
use std::ffi::CString;
use std::mem;
use std::ptr;
use std::slice;

pub type MergeFn = fn(&[u8], Option<&[u8]>, &mut MergeOperands) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;

pub struct MergeOperatorCallback {
    pub name: CString,
    pub full_merge_fn: MergeFn,
    pub partial_merge_fn: MergeFn,
}

pub unsafe extern "C" fn destructor_callback(raw_cb: *mut c_void) {
    let _: Box<MergeOperatorCallback> = mem::transmute(raw_cb);
}

pub unsafe extern "C" fn name_callback(raw_cb: *mut c_void) -> *const c_char {
    let cb = &mut *(raw_cb as *mut MergeOperatorCallback);
    cb.name.as_ptr()
}

pub unsafe extern "C" fn full_merge_callback(
    raw_cb: *mut c_void,
    raw_key: *const c_char,
    key_len: size_t,
    existing_value: *const c_char,
    existing_value_len: size_t,
    operands_list: *const *const c_char,
    operands_list_len: *const size_t,
    num_operands: c_int,
    success: *mut u8,
    new_value_length: *mut size_t,
) -> *mut c_char {
    let cb = &mut *(raw_cb as *mut MergeOperatorCallback);
    let operands = &mut MergeOperands::new(operands_list, operands_list_len, num_operands);
    let key = slice::from_raw_parts(raw_key as *const u8, key_len as usize);
    let oldval = if existing_value == ptr::null() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(slice::from_raw_parts(
            existing_value as *const u8,
            existing_value_len as usize,
        ))
    };
    if let Some(mut result) = (cb.full_merge_fn)(key, oldval, operands) {
        result.shrink_to_fit();
        // TODO(tan) investigate zero-copy techniques to improve performance
        let buf = libc::malloc(result.len() as size_t);
        assert!(!buf.is_null());
        *new_value_length = result.len() as size_t;
        *success = 1 as u8;
        ptr::copy(result.as_ptr() as *mut c_void, &mut *buf, result.len());
        buf as *mut c_char
    } else {
        *success = 0 as u8;
        ptr::null_mut() as *mut c_char
    }
}

pub unsafe extern "C" fn partial_merge_callback(
    raw_cb: *mut c_void,
    raw_key: *const c_char,
    key_len: size_t,
    operands_list: *const *const c_char,
    operands_list_len: *const size_t,
    num_operands: c_int,
    success: *mut u8,
    new_value_length: *mut size_t,
) -> *mut c_char {
    let cb = &mut *(raw_cb as *mut MergeOperatorCallback);
    let operands = &mut MergeOperands::new(operands_list, operands_list_len, num_operands);
    let key = slice::from_raw_parts(raw_key as *const u8, key_len as usize);
    if let Some(mut result) = (cb.partial_merge_fn)(key, None, operands) {
        result.shrink_to_fit();
        // TODO(tan) investigate zero-copy techniques to improve performance
        let buf = libc::malloc(result.len() as size_t);
        assert!(!buf.is_null());
        *new_value_length = result.len() as size_t;
        *success = 1 as u8;
        ptr::copy(result.as_ptr() as *mut c_void, &mut *buf, result.len());
        buf as *mut c_char
    } else {
        *success = 0 as u8;
        ptr::null_mut::<c_char>()
    }
}

pub struct MergeOperands {
    operands_list: *const *const c_char,
    operands_list_len: *const size_t,
    num_operands: usize,
    cursor: usize,
}

impl MergeOperands {
    fn new(
        operands_list: *const *const c_char,
        operands_list_len: *const size_t,
        num_operands: c_int,
    ) -> MergeOperands {
        assert!(num_operands >= 0);
        MergeOperands {
            operands_list: operands_list,
            operands_list_len: operands_list_len,
            num_operands: num_operands as usize,
            cursor: 0,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> Iterator for &'a mut MergeOperands {
    type Item = &'a [u8];

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a [u8]> {
        if self.cursor == self.num_operands {
            None
        } else {
            unsafe {
                let base = self.operands_list as usize;
                let base_len = self.operands_list_len as usize;
                let spacing = mem::size_of::<*const *const u8>();
                let spacing_len = mem::size_of::<*const size_t>();
                let len_ptr = (base_len + (spacing_len * self.cursor)) as *const size_t;
                let len = *len_ptr as usize;
                let ptr = base + (spacing * self.cursor);
                self.cursor += 1;
                Some(mem::transmute(slice::from_raw_parts(
                    *(ptr as *const *const u8) as *const u8,
                    len,
                )))
            }
        }
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let remaining = self.num_operands - self.cursor;
        (remaining, Some(remaining))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {

    use super::*;

    fn test_provided_merge(
        _new_key: &[u8],
        existing_val: Option<&[u8]>,
        operands: &mut MergeOperands,
    ) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
        let nops = operands.size_hint().0;
        let mut result: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(nops);
        if let Some(v) = existing_val {
            for e in v {
                result.push(*e);
            }
        }
        for op in operands {
            for e in op {
                result.push(*e);
            }
        }
        Some(result)
    }

    #[test]
    fn mergetest() {
        use {Options, DB};

        let path = "_rust_rocksdb_mergetest";
        let mut opts = Options::default();
        opts.create_if_missing(true);
        opts.set_merge_operator("test operator", test_provided_merge, None);
        {
            let db = DB::open(&opts, path).unwrap();
            let p = db.put(b"k1", b"a");
            assert!(p.is_ok());
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"b");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"c");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"d");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"efg");
            let m = db.merge(b"k1", b"h");
            assert!(m.is_ok());
            match db.get(b"k1") {
                Ok(Some(value)) => match value.to_utf8() {
                    Some(v) => println!("retrieved utf8 value: {}", v),
                    None => println!("did not read valid utf-8 out of the db"),
                },
                Err(_) => println!("error reading value"),
                _ => panic!("value not present"),
            }

            assert!(m.is_ok());
            let r = db.get(b"k1");
            assert!(r.unwrap().unwrap().to_utf8().unwrap() == "abcdefgh");
            assert!(db.delete(b"k1").is_ok());
            assert!(db.get(b"k1").unwrap().is_none());
        }
        assert!(DB::destroy(&opts, path).is_ok());
    }

    unsafe fn to_slice<T: Sized>(p: &T) -> &[u8] {
        ::std::slice::from_raw_parts((p as *const T) as *const u8, ::std::mem::size_of::<T>())
    }

    fn from_slice<T: Sized>(s: &[u8]) -> Option<&T> {
        if ::std::mem::size_of::<T>() != s.len() {
            println!(
                "slice {:?} is len {}, but T is size {}",
                s,
                s.len(),
                ::std::mem::size_of::<T>()
            );
            None
        } else {
            unsafe { Some(::std::mem::transmute(s.as_ptr())) }
        }
    }

    #[repr(packed)]
    #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
    struct ValueCounts {
        num_a: u32,
        num_b: u32,
        num_c: u32,
        num_d: u32,
    }

    fn test_counting_partial_merge(
        _new_key: &[u8],
        _existing_val: Option<&[u8]>,
        operands: &mut MergeOperands,
    ) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
        let nops = operands.size_hint().0;
        let mut result: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(nops);
        for op in operands {
            for e in op {
                result.push(*e);
            }
        }
        Some(result)
    }

    fn test_counting_full_merge(
        _new_key: &[u8],
        existing_val: Option<&[u8]>,
        operands: &mut MergeOperands,
    ) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
        let mut counts: ValueCounts = if let Some(v) = existing_val {
            from_slice::<ValueCounts>(v).unwrap().clone()
        } else {
            ValueCounts {
                num_a: 0,
                num_b: 0,
                num_c: 0,
                num_d: 0,
            }
        };

        for op in operands {
            for e in op {
                match *e {
                    b'a' => counts.num_a += 1,
                    b'b' => counts.num_b += 1,
                    b'c' => counts.num_c += 1,
                    b'd' => counts.num_d += 1,
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        }
        let slc = unsafe { to_slice(&counts) };
        Some(slc.to_vec())
    }

    #[test]
    fn counting_mergetest() {
        use std::sync::Arc;
        use std::thread;
        use {DBCompactionStyle, Options, DB};

        let path = "_rust_rocksdb_partial_mergetest";
        let mut opts = Options::default();
        opts.create_if_missing(true);
        opts.set_compaction_style(DBCompactionStyle::Universal);
        opts.set_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge(10);

        opts.set_merge_operator(
            "sort operator",
            test_counting_full_merge,
            Some(test_counting_partial_merge),
        );
        {
            let db = Arc::new(DB::open(&opts, path).unwrap());
            let _ = db.delete(b"k1");
            let _ = db.delete(b"k2");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"a");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"b");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"d");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"a");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"a");
            let _ = db.merge(b"k1", b"efg");
            for i in 0..500 {
                let _ = db.merge(b"k2", b"c");
                if i % 20 == 0 {
                    let _ = db.get(b"k2");
                }
            }
            for i in 0..500 {
                let _ = db.merge(b"k2", b"c");
                if i % 20 == 0 {
                    let _ = db.get(b"k2");
                }
            }
            db.compact_range(None, None);
            let d1 = db.clone();
            let d2 = db.clone();
            let d3 = db.clone();
            let h1 = thread::spawn(move || {
                for i in 0..500 {
                    let _ = d1.merge(b"k2", b"c");
                    if i % 20 == 0 {
                        let _ = d1.get(b"k2");
                    }
                }
                for i in 0..500 {
                    let _ = d1.merge(b"k2", b"a");
                    if i % 20 == 0 {
                        let _ = d1.get(b"k2");
                    }
                }
            });
            let h2 = thread::spawn(move || {
                for i in 0..500 {
                    let _ = d2.merge(b"k2", b"b");
                    if i % 20 == 0 {
                        let _ = d2.get(b"k2");
                    }
                }
                for i in 0..500 {
                    let _ = d2.merge(b"k2", b"d");
                    if i % 20 == 0 {
                        let _ = d2.get(b"k2");
                    }
                }
                d2.compact_range(None, None);
            });
            h2.join().unwrap();
            let h3 = thread::spawn(move || {
                for i in 0..500 {
                    let _ = d3.merge(b"k2", b"a");
                    if i % 20 == 0 {
                        let _ = d3.get(b"k2");
                    }
                }
                for i in 0..500 {
                    let _ = d3.merge(b"k2", b"c");
                    if i % 20 == 0 {
                        let _ = d3.get(b"k2");
                    }
                }
            });
            let m = db.merge(b"k1", b"b");
            assert!(m.is_ok());
            h3.join().unwrap();
            h1.join().unwrap();
            match db.get(b"k2") {
                Ok(Some(value)) => match from_slice::<ValueCounts>(&*value) {
                    Some(v) => unsafe {
                        assert_eq!(v.num_a, 1000);
                        assert_eq!(v.num_b, 500);
                        assert_eq!(v.num_c, 2000);
                        assert_eq!(v.num_d, 500);
                    },
                    None => panic!("Failed to get ValueCounts from db"),
                },
                Err(e) => panic!("error reading value {:?}", e),
                _ => panic!("value not present"),
            }
            match db.get(b"k1") {
                Ok(Some(value)) => match from_slice::<ValueCounts>(&*value) {
                    Some(v) => unsafe {
                        assert_eq!(v.num_a, 3);
                        assert_eq!(v.num_b, 2);
                        assert_eq!(v.num_c, 0);
                        assert_eq!(v.num_d, 1);
                    },
                    None => panic!("Failed to get ValueCounts from db"),
                },
                Err(e) => panic!("error reading value {:?}", e),
                _ => panic!("value not present"),
            }
        }
        assert!(DB::destroy(&opts, path).is_ok());
    }
}