diff --git a/src/frontends/react/HelloWorld.tsx b/src/frontends/react/HelloWorld.tsx
index 75296ee..19917ac 100644
--- a/src/frontends/react/HelloWorld.tsx
+++ b/src/frontends/react/HelloWorld.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ export function HelloWorldReact() {
 
   // @ts-expect-error
   window.reactState = state;
-  // console.log("[react] rendering", state);
 
   if (!state) return <>Loading state</>;
 
diff --git a/src/frontends/svelte/HelloWorld.svelte b/src/frontends/svelte/HelloWorld.svelte
index a45dc5d..19ece4f 100644
--- a/src/frontends/svelte/HelloWorld.svelte
+++ b/src/frontends/svelte/HelloWorld.svelte
@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import useShape from "../../ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/svelte/useShape.svelte";
   import flattenObject from "../utils/flattenObject";
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
 
   const shapeObject = useShape("TestShape");
 
-  $effect(() => {
-    console.log("[svelte]", $shapeObject.objectValue.nestedString);
-  });
-
   function getNestedValue(obj: any, path: string) {
     return path
       .split(".")
diff --git a/src/frontends/tests/reactiveCrossFramework.spec.ts b/src/frontends/tests/reactiveCrossFramework.spec.ts
index 4550602..3f4f836 100644
--- a/src/frontends/tests/reactiveCrossFramework.spec.ts
+++ b/src/frontends/tests/reactiveCrossFramework.spec.ts
@@ -121,10 +121,6 @@ test.describe("cross framework propagation", () => {
       if (source === target) continue;
 
       test(`${source} edits propagate to ${target}`, async ({ page }) => {
-        test.fail(
-          source === "vue" || target === "vue",
-          "Vue propagation currently expected to fail"
-        );
         await page.goto("/");
         await page.waitForSelector(".vue astro-island");
 
diff --git a/src/frontends/utils/flattenObject.ts b/src/frontends/utils/flattenObject.ts
index 1ba9844..1b55bf3 100644
--- a/src/frontends/utils/flattenObject.ts
+++ b/src/frontends/utils/flattenObject.ts
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ const flattenObject = (
   options: FlattenOptions = {},
   seen = new Set<any>(),
   depth = 0
-): Array<[string, any]> => {
+): Array<[string, any, string, any]> => {
   const { maxDepth = 8, skipDollarKeys = true } = options;
-  const result: Array<[string, any]> = [];
+  const result: Array<[string, any, string, any]> = [];
   if (!obj || typeof obj !== "object") return result;
   if (seen.has(obj)) return result; // cycle detected
   seen.add(obj);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const flattenObject = (
     ) {
       result.push(...flattenObject(value, fullKey, options, seen, depth + 1));
     } else {
-      result.push([fullKey, value]);
+      result.push([fullKey, value, key, obj]);
     }
   }
   return result;
diff --git a/src/frontends/vue/HelloWorld.vue b/src/frontends/vue/HelloWorld.vue
index aeb0757..1383185 100644
--- a/src/frontends/vue/HelloWorld.vue
+++ b/src/frontends/vue/HelloWorld.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { watch } from 'vue';
+import { computed } from 'vue';
 import useShape from '../../ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useShape';
-import { deepComputed } from '../../ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/deepComputed';
 import flattenObject from '../utils/flattenObject';
 
 // Acquire deep signal object (proxy) for a shape; scope second arg left empty string for parity
@@ -11,35 +10,21 @@ const shapeObj = useShape('TestShape', '');
 // @ts-ignore
 window.vueState = shapeObj;
 
-// Helpers to read / write nested properties given a dot path produced by flattenObject
-function getNestedValue(obj: any, path: string) {
-  return path.split('.').reduce((cur, k) => (cur == null ? cur : cur[k]), obj);
-}
-function setNestedValue(obj: any, path: string, value: any) {
-  const keys = path.split('.');
-  let cur = obj;
-  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) {
-    cur = cur[keys[i]];
-    if (cur == null) return;
-  }
-  cur[keys[keys.length - 1]] = value;
-}
+const flatEntries = computed(() => flattenObject(shapeObj));
 
-// Reactive flattened entries built via deepComputed bridging deepSignal dependencies to Vue.
-const flatEntries = deepComputed(() => (shapeObj ? flattenObject(shapeObj.value as any) : []));
-
-// log flatEntries
-watch(flatEntries, (newVal) => {
-  console.log('flatEntries changed:', newVal);
-}, { deep: true });
 </script>
 
 
 <template>
   <div class="vue">
     <p>Rendered in Vue</p>
-    <template v-if="shapeObj">
 
+    <template v-if="shapeObj && shapeObj.type">
+      <!-- Direct property access -->
+      <input type="text" v-model="shapeObj.type" />
+      <input type="text" v-model="shapeObj.objectValue.nestedString" />
+
+      <!-- Property access through object recursion -->
       <table border="1" cellpadding="5" style="margin-top:1rem; max-width:100%; font-size:0.9rem;">
         <thead>
           <tr>
@@ -50,9 +35,9 @@ watch(flatEntries, (newVal) => {
         </thead>
 
         <tbody>
-          <tr v-for="([key, value]) in flatEntries" :key="key">
+          <tr v-for="([path, value, key, parent]) in flatEntries" :key="path">
             <!-- Key-->
-            <td style="white-space:nowrap;">{{ key }}</td>
+            <td style="white-space:nowrap;">{{ path }}</td>
 
             <!-- Value -->
             <td>
@@ -71,52 +56,63 @@ watch(flatEntries, (newVal) => {
             <td>
               <!-- String editing -->
               <template v-if="typeof value === 'string'">
-                <template v-if="key.indexOf('.') === -1">
+                <template v-if="path.indexOf('.') === -1">
                   <input type="text" v-model="(shapeObj)[key]" />
                 </template>
                 <template v-else>
-                  <input type="text" v-bind:value="value" />
+                  <input type="text" v-bind:value="(parent)[key]"
+                    v-on:input="(e) => { (parent)[key] = (e.target as any).value; }" />
                 </template>
               </template>
               <!-- Number editing -->
               <template v-else-if="typeof value === 'number'">
-                <template v-if="key.indexOf('.') === -1">
-                  <input type="number" v-model.number="(shapeObj)[key]" />
+                <template v-if="path.indexOf('.') === -1">
+                  <input type="number" v-model="(shapeObj)[key]" />
                 </template>
                 <template v-else>
-                  <input type="number" v-bind:value="value" />
+                  <input type="number" v-bind:value="(parent)[key]"
+                    v-on:input="(e) => { (parent)[key] = +(e.target as any).value; }" />
                 </template>
+
               </template>
               <!-- Boolean editing -->
               <template v-else-if="typeof value === 'boolean'">
-                <template v-if="key.indexOf('.') === -1">
-                  <input type="checkbox" v-model="(shapeObj as any)[key]" />
+                <template v-if="path.indexOf('.') === -1">
+                  <input type="checkbox" v-model="(shapeObj)[key]" />
                 </template>
                 <template v-else>
-                  <input type="checkbox" v-bind:value="value" />
+                  <input type="checkbox" v-bind:value="value"
+                    v-on:input="(e) => { (parent)[key] = (e.target as any).value; }" />
                 </template>
               </template>
               <!-- Array editing -->
               <template v-else-if="Array.isArray(value)">
-                <div style="display:flex; gap:.5rem;">
-                  <button
-                    @click="() => { const current = getNestedValue(shapeObj, key) || []; setNestedValue(shapeObj, key, [...current, current.length + 1]); }">Add</button>
-                  <button
-                    @click="() => { const current = getNestedValue(shapeObj, key) || []; if (current.length) setNestedValue(shapeObj, key, current.slice(0, -1)); }">Remove</button>
-                </div>
+                <template v-if="path.indexOf('.') === -1">
+                  <div style="display:flex; gap:.5rem;">
+                    <button @click="() => { parent[key] = [...value, value.length + 1] }">Add</button>
+                    <button @click="() => { parent[key] = value.slice(1) }">Remove</button>
+                  </div>
+                </template>
+                <template v-else>
+                  <div style="display:flex; gap:.5rem;">
+                    <button @click="() => { parent[key] = [...value, value.length + 1] }">Add</button>
+                    <button @click="() => { parent[key] = value.slice(1) }">Remove</button>
+                  </div>
+                </template>
               </template>
+
               <!-- Set editing -->
               <template v-else-if="value instanceof Set">
                 <div style="display:flex; gap:.5rem;">
+                  <button @click="() => { value.add(`item${value.size + 1}`); }">Add</button>
                   <button
-                    @click="() => { const currentSet: Set<any> = getNestedValue(shapeObj, key); currentSet.add(`item${currentSet.size + 1}`); }">Add</button>
-                  <button
-                    @click="() => { const currentSet: Set<any> = getNestedValue(shapeObj, key); const last = Array.from(currentSet).pop(); if (last !== undefined) currentSet.delete(last); }">Remove</button>
+                    @click="() => { const last = Array.from(value).pop(); if (last !== undefined) value.delete(last); }">Remove</button>
                 </div>
               </template>
               <template v-else>
                 N/A
               </template>
+
             </td>
           </tr>
         </tbody>
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/applyDiff.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/applyDiff.ts
index 766c2cc..c9c2bcd 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/applyDiff.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/applyDiff.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,261 @@
-import type { DeepSignalObject } from "alien-deepsignals";
-import type { Diff } from "../types";
+import { batch } from "alien-deepsignals";
 
-/** Mock function to apply diffs. Just uses a copy of the diff as the new object. */
-export function applyDiff(currentState: DeepSignalObject<any>, diff: Diff) {
-  Object.assign(currentState, diff);
+export type Patch = {
+  /** Property path (array indices, object keys, synthetic Set entry ids) from the root to the mutated location. */
+  path: string;
+  type?: string & {};
+  value?: unknown;
+} & (
+  | SetAddPatch
+  | SetRemovePatch
+  | ObjectAddPatch
+  | RemovePatch
+  | LiteralAddPatch
+);
+
+export interface SetAddPatch {
+  /** Mutation kind applied at the resolved `path`. */
+  op: "add";
+  type: "set";
+  /**
+   * New value for set mutations:
+   *  - A single primitive
+   *  - An array of primitives
+   *  - An object (id -> object) for object "set" additions
+   */
+  value:
+    | number
+    | string
+    | boolean
+    | (number | string | boolean)[]
+    | { [id: string]: object };
+}
+
+export interface SetRemovePatch {
+  /** Mutation kind applied at the resolved `path`. */
+  op: "remove";
+  type: "set";
+  /**
+   * The value(s) to be removed from the set. Either:
+   *  - A single primitive / id
+   *  - An array of primitives / ids
+   */
+  value: number | string | boolean | (number | string | boolean)[];
+}
+
+export interface ObjectAddPatch {
+  /** Mutation kind applied at the resolved `path`. */
+  op: "add";
+  type: "object";
+}
+
+export interface RemovePatch {
+  /** Mutation kind applied at the resolved `path`. */
+  op: "remove";
+}
+
+export interface LiteralAddPatch {
+  /** Mutation kind applied at the resolved `path`. */
+  op: "add";
+  /** The literal value to be added at the resolved `path` */
+  value: string | number | boolean;
+}
+
+function isPrimitive(v: unknown): v is string | number | boolean {
+  return (
+    typeof v === "string" || typeof v === "number" || typeof v === "boolean"
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply a diff to an object.
+ *
+ *  * The syntax is inspired by RFC 6902 but it is not compatible.
+ *
+ * It supports sets:
+ *   - Primitive values are added as sets,
+ *   - Sets of objects are represented as objects with their id being the key.
+ * @example operations
+ *   ```jsonc
+ *     // Add one or more objects to a set.
+ *     { "op": "add", "type": "set", "path": "/address", "value": { "ID1": {...}, "ID2": {...} } },
+ *     // Remove one or more objects from a set.
+ *     { "op": "remove", "type": "set", "path": "/address", "value": ["ID1","ID2"] }
+ *     // Add primitive types to a sets (URIs are treated just like strings)
+ *     { "op": "add", "type": "set", "path": "/address", "value": [1,2,3] }
+ *     // Remove primitive types from a set.
+ *     { "op": "remove", "type": "set", "path": "/address", "value": [1,2] }
+ *
+ *     // Creating an object.
+ *     { "op": "add", "path": "/address", "type": "object" }
+ *     // Adding primitives.
+ *     { "op": "add", "path": "/address/street", value: "1st street" }
+ *     { "op": "add", "path": "/address/country", value: "Greece" }
+ *     // Remove a primitive.
+ *     { "op": "remove", "path": "/address/street" }
+ *     // Remove an object
+ *     { "op": "remove", "path": "/address" }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param currentState The object before the patch
+ * @param diff An array of patches to apply to the object.
+ * @param ensurePathExists If true, create nested objects along the path if the path does not exist.
+ */
+export function applyDiff(
+  currentState: Record<string, any>,
+  diff: Patch[],
+  ensurePathExists: boolean = false
+) {
+  for (const patch of diff) {
+    if (!patch.path.startsWith("/")) continue;
+    const pathParts = patch.path.slice(1).split("/").filter(Boolean);
+
+    if (pathParts.length === 0) continue; // root not supported
+    const lastKey = pathParts[pathParts.length - 1];
+    let parentVal: any = currentState;
+    let parentMissing = false;
+    // Traverse only intermediate segments
+    for (let i = 0; i < pathParts.length - 1; i++) {
+      const seg = pathParts[i];
+      if (
+        parentVal != null &&
+        typeof parentVal === "object" &&
+        Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(parentVal, seg)
+      ) {
+        parentVal = parentVal[seg];
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ensurePathExists) {
+        if (parentVal != null && typeof parentVal === "object") {
+          parentVal[seg] = {};
+          parentVal = parentVal[seg];
+        } else {
+          parentMissing = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      } else {
+        parentMissing = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (parentMissing) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[applyDiff] Skipping patch due to missing parent path segment(s): ${patch.path}`
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // parentVal now should be an object into which we apply lastKey
+    if (parentVal == null || typeof parentVal !== "object") {
+      console.warn(
+        `[applyDiff] Skipping patch because parent is not an object: ${patch.path}`
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const key = lastKey;
+    // If parent does not exist and we cannot create it, skip this patch
+    if (parentVal == null || typeof parentVal !== "object") continue;
+
+    // Handle set additions
+    if (patch.op === "add" && patch.type === "set") {
+      const existing = parentVal[key];
+
+      // Normalize value
+      const raw = (patch as SetAddPatch).value;
+      if (raw == null) continue;
+
+      // Object-set (id -> object)
+      if (typeof raw === "object" && !Array.isArray(raw) && !isPrimitive(raw)) {
+        if (existing && (existing instanceof Set || Array.isArray(existing))) {
+          // Replace incompatible representation
+          parentVal[key] = {};
+        }
+        if (!parentVal[key] || typeof parentVal[key] !== "object") {
+          parentVal[key] = {};
+        }
+        Object.assign(parentVal[key], raw);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Set primitive(s)
+      const toAdd: (string | number | boolean)[] = Array.isArray(raw)
+        ? raw.filter(isPrimitive)
+        : isPrimitive(raw)
+        ? [raw]
+        : [];
+
+      if (!toAdd.length) continue;
+
+      if (existing instanceof Set) {
+        for (const v of toAdd) existing.add(v);
+      } else if (
+        existing &&
+        typeof existing === "object" &&
+        !Array.isArray(existing) &&
+        !(existing instanceof Set)
+      ) {
+        // Existing is object-set (objects); adding primitives -> replace with Set
+        parentVal[key] = new Set(toAdd);
+      } else {
+        // No existing or incompatible -> create a Set
+        parentVal[key] = new Set(toAdd);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Handle set removals
+    if (patch.op === "remove" && patch.type === "set") {
+      const existing = parentVal[key];
+      const raw = (patch as SetRemovePatch).value;
+      if (raw == null) continue;
+      const toRemove: (string | number | boolean)[] = Array.isArray(raw)
+        ? raw
+        : [raw];
+
+      if (existing instanceof Set) {
+        for (const v of toRemove) existing.delete(v);
+      } else if (existing && typeof existing === "object") {
+        for (const v of toRemove) delete existing[v as any];
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Add object (ensure object exists)
+    if (patch.op === "add" && patch.type === "object") {
+      const cur = parentVal[key];
+      if (
+        cur === undefined ||
+        cur === null ||
+        typeof cur !== "object" ||
+        cur instanceof Set
+      ) {
+        parentVal[key] = {};
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Literal add
+    if (patch.op === "add") {
+      parentVal[key] = (patch as LiteralAddPatch).value;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Generic remove (property or value)
+    if (patch.op === "remove") {
+      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(parentVal, key)) {
+        delete parentVal[key];
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * See documentation for applyDiff
+ */
+export function applyDiffToDeepSignal(currentState: object, diff: Patch[]) {
+  batch(() => {
+    applyDiff(currentState as Record<string, any>, diff);
+  });
 }
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/createSignalObjectForShape.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/createSignalObjectForShape.ts
index 95b8c43..cada44d 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/createSignalObjectForShape.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/createSignalObjectForShape.ts
@@ -3,74 +3,123 @@ import type { Connection, Diff, Scope, Shape } from "../types";
 import requestShape from "src/ng-mock/wasm-land/requestShape";
 import { applyDiff } from "./applyDiff";
 import { deepSignal, watch, batch } from "alien-deepsignals";
-import { signal as createSignal } from "alien-signals";
-
-type ShapeObject = {};
+import type { DeepPatch } from "alien-deepsignals";
 
+type ShapeObject = Record<string, any>;
 type ShapeObjectSignal = ReturnType<typeof deepSignal<ShapeObject>>;
 
-const openConnections: Partial<Record<Shape, ShapeObjectSignal>> = {};
+interface PoolEntry {
+  key: string;
+  shape: Shape;
+  scopeKey: string;
+  signalObject: ShapeObjectSignal;
+  refCount: number;
+  stopListening: (() => void) | null;
+  registerCleanup?: (fn: () => void) => void;
+  connectionId?: string;
+  ready: Promise<string>; // resolves to connectionId
+  resolveReady: (id: string) => void;
+  suspendDeepWatcher: boolean;
+}
+
+const pool = new Map<string, PoolEntry>();
+
+function canonicalScope(scope: Scope | undefined): string {
+  if (scope == null) return "";
+  return Array.isArray(scope) ? scope.slice().sort().join(",") : String(scope);
+}
+
+export function deepPatchesToDiff(patches: DeepPatch[]): Diff {
+  return patches.map((patch) => {
+    const path = "/" + patch.path.join("/");
+    return { ...patch, path };
+  }) as Diff;
+}
 
-/**
- * Create a signal for a shape object.
- * The function returns a shape object that is proxied by deepSignal
- * and keeps itself updated with the backend.
- **/
 export function createSignalObjectForShape(
   shape: Shape,
   scope?: Scope,
   poolSignal = true
 ) {
-  if (poolSignal && openConnections[shape]) return openConnections[shape];
+  const scopeKey = canonicalScope(scope);
+  const key = `${shape}::${scopeKey}`;
 
-  // Single deepSignal root container that will hold (and become) the live shape.
-  const signalObject = deepSignal({});
+  if (poolSignal) {
+    const existing = pool.get(key);
+    if (existing) {
+      existing.refCount++;
+      return buildReturn(existing);
+    }
+  }
 
-  let stopWatcher: any = null;
-  let suspendDeepWatcher = false;
+  const signalObject = deepSignal<ShapeObject>({});
+  let resolveReady!: (id: string) => void;
+  const ready = new Promise<string>((res) => (resolveReady = res));
+  const entry: PoolEntry = {
+    key,
+    shape,
+    scopeKey,
+    signalObject,
+    refCount: 1,
+    stopListening: null,
+    registerCleanup: undefined,
+    connectionId: undefined,
+    ready,
+    resolveReady,
+    suspendDeepWatcher: false,
+  };
+  if (poolSignal) pool.set(key, entry);
 
   const onUpdateFromDb = (diff: Diff, connectionId: Connection["id"]) => {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
     console.debug("[shape][diff] applying", connectionId, diff);
-    suspendDeepWatcher = true;
-    batch(() => {
-      applyDiff(signalObject, diff);
-    });
-
+    entry.suspendDeepWatcher = true;
+    batch(() => applyDiff(signalObject, diff));
     queueMicrotask(() => {
-      suspendDeepWatcher = false;
+      entry.suspendDeepWatcher = false;
     });
   };
 
-  // Do the actual db request.
   requestShape(shape, scope, onUpdateFromDb).then(
     ({ connectionId, shapeObject }) => {
-      // Populate the root container with the initial shape (plain assignment so deepSignal wraps nested structures lazily)
-      suspendDeepWatcher = true;
+      entry.connectionId = connectionId;
+      entry.suspendDeepWatcher = true;
       batch(() => {
-        Object.keys(shapeObject).forEach((k) => {
-          // @ts-ignore
+        for (const k of Object.keys(shapeObject)) {
           (signalObject as any)[k] = (shapeObject as any)[k];
-        });
+        }
       });
-
-      // Deep watch on the single root to propagate user edits back.
-      stopWatcher = watch(
-        signalObject,
-        (newVal) => {
-          if (!suspendDeepWatcher) updateShape(connectionId, newVal as any);
-        },
-        { deep: true }
-      );
-
+      const watcher = watch(signalObject, ({ patches }) => {
+        if (entry.suspendDeepWatcher || !patches.length) return;
+        const diff = deepPatchesToDiff(patches);
+        updateShape(connectionId as any, diff as any);
+      });
+      entry.stopListening = watcher.stopListening;
+      entry.registerCleanup = watcher.registerCleanup;
       queueMicrotask(() => {
-        suspendDeepWatcher = false;
+        entry.suspendDeepWatcher = false;
       });
+      entry.resolveReady(connectionId);
     }
   );
 
-  if (poolSignal) openConnections[shape] = signalObject;
+  return buildReturn(entry);
 
-  // TODO: Dispose deepSignal and stop watcher.
-  return signalObject;
+  function buildReturn(entry: PoolEntry) {
+    const release = () => {
+      if (entry.refCount > 0) entry.refCount--;
+      if (entry.refCount === 0) {
+        entry.stopListening?.();
+        if (poolSignal) pool.delete(entry.key);
+      }
+    };
+    return {
+      signalObject: entry.signalObject,
+      stop: release,
+      ready: entry.ready, // Promise<string>
+      get connectionId() {
+        return entry.connectionId;
+      },
+      registerCleanup: entry.registerCleanup,
+    };
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useDeepSignal.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useDeepSignal.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b722d7..0000000
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useDeepSignal.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useMemo, useRef, useSyncExternalStore } from "react";
-import { subscribeDeepMutations, getDeepSignalRootId } from "alien-deepsignals";
-
-/**
- * Basic hook: re-renders whenever any deep patch for the provided deepSignal root occurs.
- * Returns ONLY the deep proxy (React-like primitive hook contract).
- */
-export function useDeepSignal<T extends object>(deepProxy: T): T {
-  const rootIdRef = useRef(getDeepSignalRootId(deepProxy as any));
-  const versionRef = useRef(0);
-  const listenersRef = useRef(new Set<() => void>());
-
-  useMemo(() => {
-    const unsubscribe = subscribeDeepMutations((batch) => {
-      if (!rootIdRef.current) return;
-      if (batch.some((p) => p.root === rootIdRef.current)) {
-        versionRef.current++;
-        listenersRef.current.forEach((l) => l());
-      }
-    });
-    return unsubscribe;
-  }, []);
-
-  const subscribe = useCallback((cb: () => void) => {
-    listenersRef.current.add(cb);
-    return () => listenersRef.current.delete(cb);
-  }, []);
-  const getSnapshot = useCallback(() => versionRef.current, []);
-  useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getSnapshot, getSnapshot);
-  return deepProxy;
-}
-
-/** Internal representation of a tracked path as an array of keys. */
-type Path = (string | number)[];
-
-/** Convert path to a cache key string. */
-const pathKey = (p: Path) => p.join("\u001f");
-
-/**
- * Selective hook: only re-renders when a patch path intersects (prefix in either direction)
- * with a property path actually read during the last render. Returns a proxy view for tracking.
- */
-export function useDeepSignalSelective<T extends object>(deepProxy: T): T {
-  const rootIdRef = useRef(getDeepSignalRootId(deepProxy as any));
-  const versionRef = useRef(0);
-  const listenersRef = useRef(new Set<() => void>());
-  const accessedRef = useRef<Set<string>>(new Set());
-  // Cache proxies per path for identity stability within a render.
-  const proxyCacheRef = useRef(new Map<string, any>());
-
-  // Build a tracking proxy for a target at a given path.
-  const buildProxy = useCallback((target: any, path: Path): any => {
-    const key = pathKey(path);
-    if (proxyCacheRef.current.has(key)) return proxyCacheRef.current.get(key);
-    const prox = new Proxy(target, {
-      get(_t, prop, recv) {
-        if (typeof prop === "symbol") return Reflect.get(_t, prop, recv);
-        const nextPath = path.concat(prop as any);
-        // Record full path and all prefixes for descendant change detection.
-        for (let i = 1; i <= nextPath.length; i++) {
-          accessedRef.current.add(pathKey(nextPath.slice(0, i)));
-        }
-        const val = Reflect.get(_t, prop, recv);
-        if (val && typeof val === "object") {
-          return buildProxy(val, nextPath);
-        }
-        return val;
-      },
-    });
-    proxyCacheRef.current.set(key, prox);
-    return prox;
-  }, []);
-
-  // Patch subscription (once)
-  useMemo(() => {
-    const unsubscribe = subscribeDeepMutations((batch) => {
-      if (!rootIdRef.current) return;
-      const relevant = batch.filter((p) => p.root === rootIdRef.current);
-      if (!relevant.length) return;
-      // Test intersection.
-      const used = accessedRef.current;
-      let hit = false;
-      outer: for (const patch of relevant) {
-        const pPath = patch.path as Path;
-        const pKey = pathKey(pPath);
-        if (used.has(pKey)) {
-          hit = true;
-          break;
-        }
-        // Check prefix/descendant
-        for (const usedKey of used) {
-          if (pKey.startsWith(usedKey) || usedKey.startsWith(pKey)) {
-            hit = true;
-            break outer;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (hit) {
-        versionRef.current++;
-        listenersRef.current.forEach((l) => l());
-      }
-    });
-    return unsubscribe;
-  }, []);
-
-  const subscribe = useCallback((cb: () => void) => {
-    listenersRef.current.add(cb);
-    return () => listenersRef.current.delete(cb);
-  }, []);
-  const getSnapshot = useCallback(() => versionRef.current, []);
-  useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getSnapshot, getSnapshot);
-
-  // Each render reset tracking containers so next render collects fresh usage.
-  accessedRef.current = new Set();
-  proxyCacheRef.current = new Map();
-  return buildProxy(deepProxy, []);
-}
-
-export default useDeepSignal;
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useShape.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useShape.ts
index fe10485..2b24e57 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useShape.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/react/useShape.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,28 @@
-import { useMemo, useRef } from "react";
+import { watch } from "alien-deepsignals";
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { createSignalObjectForShape } from "src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/createSignalObjectForShape";
 import type { Scope, Shape } from "src/ng-mock/js-land/types";
-import useDeepSignal from "./useDeepSignal";
 
 const useShape = (shape: Shape, scope: Scope) => {
-  const signalOfShape = useMemo(() => {
-    return createSignalObjectForShape(shape, scope);
-  }, [shape, scope]);
-  const shapeObject = useDeepSignal(signalOfShape as unknown as object);
+  const shapeSignalRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof createSignalObjectForShape>>(
+    createSignalObjectForShape(shape, scope)
+  );
+  const [, setTick] = useState(0);
 
-  // We don't need the setter.
-  // The object is recursively proxied and value changes are recorded there.
-  return shapeObject;
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const deepSignalObj = shapeSignalRef.current.signalObject;
+    const { stopListening } = watch(deepSignalObj, () => {
+      // trigger a React re-render when the deep signal updates
+      setTick((t) => t + 1);
+    });
+
+    return () => {
+      shapeSignalRef.current.stop();
+      stopListening();
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  return shapeSignalRef.current.signalObject;
 };
 
 export default useShape;
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/svelte/useShape.svelte.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/svelte/useShape.svelte.ts
index a660b7c..23021ce 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/svelte/useShape.svelte.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/svelte/useShape.svelte.ts
@@ -34,14 +34,16 @@ export function useDeepSignal<T = any>(deepProxy: T): UseDeepSignalResult<T> {
   const version = writable(0);
   const patchesStore = writable<DeepPatch[]>([]);
 
-  const unsubscribe = subscribeDeepMutations((batch) => {
-    if (!rootId) return;
-    const filtered = batch.filter((p) => p.root === rootId);
-    if (filtered.length) {
-      patchesStore.set(filtered);
-      version.update((n) => n + 1);
+  const unsubscribe = subscribeDeepMutations(
+    deepProxy as any,
+    (batch: DeepPatch[]) => {
+      if (!rootId) return;
+      if (batch.length) {
+        patchesStore.set(batch);
+        version.update((n) => n + 1);
+      }
     }
-  });
+  );
 
   const deep = derived(version, () => deepProxy);
   const select = <U>(selector: (tree: T) => U): Readable<U> =>
@@ -89,9 +91,16 @@ export function useShapeRune<T = any>(
   shape: Shape,
   scope?: Scope
 ): UseShapeRuneResult<T> {
-  const rootSignal = createSignalObjectForShape(shape, scope);
+  const { signalObject: rootSignal, stop } = createSignalObjectForShape(
+    shape,
+    scope
+  );
+
+  // Cleanup
+  onDestroy(stop);
+
   // rootSignal is already a deepSignal proxy root (object returned by createSignalObjectForShape)
-  const ds = useDeepSignal<T>(rootSignal as unknown as T);
+  const ds = useDeepSignal<T>(rootSignal as T);
   return { root: rootSignal, ...ds } as UseShapeRuneResult<T>;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/deepComputed.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/deepComputed.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e17226..0000000
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/deepComputed.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-import { shallowRef, onMounted, onUnmounted } from "vue";
-import { subscribeDeepMutations } from "alien-deepsignals";
-
-/**
- * Coarse-grained bridge: recompute the getter on every deep mutation batch.
- * Simpler than dual dependency systems (Vue + alien) and sufficient for editor panel.
- * Optimize later by filtering patches / caching accessed top-level keys.
- */
-export function deepComputed<T>(getter: () => T) {
-  const r = shallowRef<T>(getter());
-  let unsubscribe: (() => void) | null = null;
-  onMounted(() => {
-    unsubscribe = subscribeDeepMutations(() => {
-      try {
-        r.value = getter();
-      } catch (e) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-        console.warn("deepComputed recompute failed", e);
-      }
-    });
-  });
-  onUnmounted(() => unsubscribe?.());
-  return r;
-}
-
-export default deepComputed;
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useDeepSignal.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useDeepSignal.ts
index 6641de2..253ac51 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useDeepSignal.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useDeepSignal.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,68 @@
-import { ref } from "vue";
+import { ref, onBeforeUnmount } from "vue";
+import { watch } from "alien-deepsignals";
 
-export function useDeepSignal<T extends object>(deepProxy: T) {
-  // TODO: Subscribe to and synchronize changes between deepProxy and ref.
+/**
+ * Bridge a deepSignal root into Vue with per top-level property granularity.
+ * Each accessed property is a Ref internally; only patches touching that
+ * property will trigger its dependents. Returned value is a plain object (not a Ref)
+ * shaped like the original deepSignal root. Nested changes trigger the top-level
+ * property whose subtree changed.
+ */
+export function useDeepSignal<T extends Record<string, any>>(deepProxy: T): T {
+  // Version refs per top-level property; increment to trigger dependents.
+  const versionRefs = new Map<
+    string | symbol,
+    ReturnType<typeof ref<number>>
+  >();
 
-  return ref(deepProxy);
+  function ensureVersion(key: string | symbol) {
+    if (!versionRefs.has(key)) versionRefs.set(key, ref(0));
+    return versionRefs.get(key)!;
+  }
+
+  // Initialize known keys
+  Object.keys(deepProxy).forEach((k) => ensureVersion(k));
+
+  const stopHandle = watch(deepProxy, ({ patches }) => {
+    for (const p of patches) {
+      if (!p.path.length) continue;
+      const top = p.path[0] as string | symbol;
+      const vr = ensureVersion(top);
+      vr.value = (vr.value || 0) + 1;
+    }
+  });
+
+  const proxy = new Proxy({} as T, {
+    get(_t, key: string | symbol) {
+      if (key === "__raw") return deepProxy;
+      // Establish dependency via version ref; ignore its numeric value.
+      ensureVersion(key).value; // accessed for tracking only
+      return (deepProxy as any)[key];
+    },
+    set(_t, key: string | symbol, value: any) {
+      (deepProxy as any)[key] = value;
+      // Bump version immediately for sync updates (before patch batch flush)
+      const vr = ensureVersion(key);
+      vr.value = (vr.value || 0) + 1;
+      return true;
+    },
+    has(_t, key) {
+      return key in deepProxy;
+    },
+    ownKeys() {
+      return Reflect.ownKeys(deepProxy);
+    },
+    getOwnPropertyDescriptor() {
+      return { configurable: true, enumerable: true };
+    },
+  });
+
+  onBeforeUnmount(() => {
+    stopHandle.stopListening();
+    versionRefs.clear();
+  });
+
+  return proxy;
 }
 
 export default useDeepSignal;
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useShape.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useShape.ts
index c43add0..a1b11b0 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useShape.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/frontendAdapters/vue/useShape.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 import { createSignalObjectForShape } from "src/ng-mock/js-land/connector/createSignalObjectForShape";
 import type { Scope, Shape } from "src/ng-mock/js-land/types";
-import { computed } from "vue";
-import { useDeepSignal } from "./useDeepSignal";
+import useDeepSignal from "./useDeepSignal";
+import { onBeforeUnmount } from "vue";
 
 /**
- * Vue adapter returning a wrapped deepSignal root whose property reads become Vue-reactive
- * via a version dependency injected in the proxy layer (see useDeepSignal).
  */
-const useShape = (shape: Shape, scope: Scope) => {
-  const container = createSignalObjectForShape(shape, scope);
-  // container is a deepSignal root; we only care about its content field once set.
-  return useDeepSignal(container) as any;
-};
+export function useShape(shape: Shape, scope?: Scope) {
+  const handle = createSignalObjectForShape(shape, scope);
+
+  // Cleanup
+  onBeforeUnmount(() => {
+    handle.stop();
+  });
+
+  const ref = useDeepSignal(handle.signalObject);
+
+  return ref;
+}
 
 export default useShape;
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/js-land/types.ts b/src/ng-mock/js-land/types.ts
index c794e3f..4f1b18f 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/js-land/types.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/js-land/types.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { Patch } from "./connector/applyDiff";
+
 /** The shape of an object requested. */
 export type Shape = "Shape1" | "Shape2" | "TestShape";
 
@@ -5,7 +7,7 @@ export type Shape = "Shape1" | "Shape2" | "TestShape";
 export type Scope = string | string[];
 
 /** The diff format used to communicate updates between wasm-land and js-land. */
-export type Diff = object;
+export type Diff = Patch[];
 
 /** A connection established between wasm-land and js-land for subscription of a shape. */
 export type Connection = {
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/tests/applyDiff.test.ts b/src/ng-mock/tests/applyDiff.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00ab263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ng-mock/tests/applyDiff.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+import { describe, test, expect } from "vitest";
+import {
+  applyDiff,
+  applyDiffToDeepSignal,
+} from "../js-land/connector/applyDiff";
+import type { Patch } from "../js-land/connector/applyDiff";
+
+/**
+ * Build a patch path string from segments (auto-prefix /)
+ */
+function p(...segs: (string | number)[]) {
+  return "/" + segs.map(String).join("/");
+}
+
+describe("applyDiff - set operations (primitives)", () => {
+  test("add single primitive into new set", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("tags"), value: "a" },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.tags).toBeInstanceOf(Set);
+    expect([...state.tags]).toEqual(["a"]);
+  });
+  test("add multiple primitives into new set", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("nums"), value: [1, 2, 3] },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect([...state.nums]).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
+  });
+  test("add primitives merging into existing set", () => {
+    const state: any = { nums: new Set([1]) };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("nums"), value: [2, 3] },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect([...state.nums].sort()).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
+  });
+  test("remove single primitive from set", () => {
+    const state: any = { tags: new Set(["a", "b"]) };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "remove", type: "set", path: p("tags"), value: "a" },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect([...state.tags]).toEqual(["b"]);
+  });
+  test("remove multiple primitives from set", () => {
+    const state: any = { nums: new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]) };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "remove", type: "set", path: p("nums"), value: [2, 4] },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect([...state.nums].sort()).toEqual([1, 3]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("applyDiff - set operations (object sets)", () => {
+  test("add object entries to new object-set", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      {
+        op: "add",
+        type: "set",
+        path: p("users"),
+        value: { u1: { id: "u1", n: 1 }, u2: { id: "u2", n: 2 } },
+      },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.users.u1).toEqual({ id: "u1", n: 1 });
+    expect(state.users.u2).toEqual({ id: "u2", n: 2 });
+  });
+  test("merge object entries into existing object-set", () => {
+    const state: any = { users: { u1: { id: "u1", n: 1 } } };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      {
+        op: "add",
+        type: "set",
+        path: p("users"),
+        value: { u2: { id: "u2", n: 2 } },
+      },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(Object.keys(state.users).sort()).toEqual(["u1", "u2"]);
+  });
+  test("remove object entries from object-set", () => {
+    const state: any = { users: { u1: {}, u2: {}, u3: {} } };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "remove", type: "set", path: p("users"), value: ["u1", "u3"] },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(Object.keys(state.users)).toEqual(["u2"]);
+  });
+  test("adding primitives to existing object-set replaces with Set", () => {
+    const state: any = { mixed: { a: {}, b: {} } };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("mixed"), value: [1, 2] },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.mixed).toBeInstanceOf(Set);
+    expect([...state.mixed]).toEqual([1, 2]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("applyDiff - object & literal operations", () => {
+  test("add object (create empty object)", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "add", path: p("address"), type: "object" }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.address).toEqual({});
+  });
+  test("add nested object path with ensurePathExists", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", path: p("a", "b", "c"), type: "object" },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff, true);
+    expect(state.a.b.c).toEqual({});
+  });
+  test("add primitive value", () => {
+    const state: any = { address: {} };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", path: p("address", "street"), value: "1st" },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.address.street).toBe("1st");
+  });
+  test("overwrite primitive value", () => {
+    const state: any = { address: { street: "old" } };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", path: p("address", "street"), value: "new" },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.address.street).toBe("new");
+  });
+  test("remove primitive", () => {
+    const state: any = { address: { street: "1st", country: "Greece" } };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "remove", path: p("address", "street") }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.address.street).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(state.address.country).toBe("Greece");
+  });
+  test("remove object branch", () => {
+    const state: any = { address: { street: "1st" }, other: 1 };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "remove", path: p("address") }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state.address).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(state.other).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("applyDiff - multiple mixed patches in a single diff", () => {
+  test("sequence of mixed set/object/literal add & remove", () => {
+    const state: any = {
+      users: { u1: { id: "u1" } },
+      tags: new Set(["old"]),
+    };
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("users"), value: { u2: { id: "u2" } } },
+      { op: "add", path: p("profile"), type: "object" },
+      { op: "add", path: p("profile", "name"), value: "Alice" },
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("tags"), value: ["new"] },
+      { op: "remove", type: "set", path: p("tags"), value: "old" },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(Object.keys(state.users).sort()).toEqual(["u1", "u2"]);
+    expect(state.profile.name).toBe("Alice");
+    expect([...state.tags]).toEqual(["new"]);
+  });
+
+  test("complex nested path creation and mutations with ensurePathExists", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [
+      { op: "add", path: p("a", "b"), type: "object" },
+      { op: "add", path: p("a", "b", "c"), value: 1 },
+      { op: "add", type: "set", path: p("a", "nums"), value: [1, 2, 3] },
+      { op: "remove", type: "set", path: p("a", "nums"), value: 2 },
+      { op: "add", path: p("a", "b", "d"), value: 2 },
+      { op: "remove", path: p("a", "b", "c") },
+    ];
+    applyDiff(state, diff, true);
+    expect(state.a.b.c).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(state.a.b.d).toBe(2);
+    expect(state.a.nums).toBeInstanceOf(Set);
+    expect([...state.a.nums].sort()).toEqual([1, 3]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("applyDiff - ignored / invalid scenarios", () => {
+  test("skip patch with non-leading slash path", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "add", path: "address/street", value: "x" }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state).toEqual({});
+  });
+  test("missing parent without ensurePathExists -> patch skipped and no mutation", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "add", path: p("a", "b", "c"), value: 1 }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff, false);
+    expect(state).toEqual({});
+  });
+});
+
+describe("applyDiff - ignored / invalid scenarios", () => {
+  test("skip patch with non-leading slash path", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "add", path: "address/street", value: "x" }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff);
+    expect(state).toEqual({});
+  });
+  test("missing parent without ensurePathExists -> patch skipped and no mutation", () => {
+    const state: any = {};
+    const diff: Patch[] = [{ op: "add", path: p("a", "b", "c"), value: 1 }];
+    applyDiff(state, diff, false);
+    expect(state).toEqual({});
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/ng-mock/wasm-land/types.ts b/src/ng-mock/wasm-land/types.ts
index 02673d6..3f9f6e2 100644
--- a/src/ng-mock/wasm-land/types.ts
+++ b/src/ng-mock/wasm-land/types.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+import type { Patch } from "../js-land/connector/applyDiff";
 import type { Shape } from "../js-land/types";
 
 /** The Scope of a shape request */
 export type Scope = string | string[];
 
 /** The diff format used to communicate updates between wasm-land and js-land. */
-export type Diff = object;
+export type Diff = Patch[];
 
 export type ObjectState = object;