Merge pull request #60 from mozilla/format-pass

Formatting passes and enable linting on CI

.rustfmt.toml

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-disable_all_formatting = true
+imports_layout = "Vertical"
+max_width = 120
+match_block_trailing_comma = true
+use_small_heuristics = "Off"

.travis.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,18 @@ rust:
   - beta
   - nightly
 
+before_script:
+  # We install a known-to-have-rustfmt version of the nightly toolchain
+  # in order to run the nightly version of rustfmt, which supports rules
+  # that we depend upon. When updating, pick a suitable nightly version
+  # from https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup-components-history/
+  - rustup toolchain install nightly-2019-09-11
+  - rustup component add rustfmt --toolchain nightly-2019-09-11
+  - rustup component add clippy --toolchain nightly-2019-09-11
+
 script:
+  - cargo +nightly-2019-09-11 fmt --all -- --check
+  - cargo +nightly-2019-09-11 clippy --all-features -- -D warnings -A clippy::match-ref-pats -A clippy::needless-lifetimes
   - cargo build --verbose
   - export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
   - cargo test --all --verbose

benches/cursor.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,17 @@ extern crate test;
 mod utils;
 
 use ffi::*;
-use lmdb::{Cursor, Result, RoCursor, Transaction};
+use lmdb::{
+    Cursor,
+    Result,
+    RoCursor,
+    Transaction,
+};
 use std::ptr;
-use test::{Bencher, black_box};
+use test::{
+    black_box,
+    Bencher,
+};
 use utils::*;
 
 /// Benchmark of iterator sequential read performance.
@@ -27,20 +35,18 @@ fn bench_get_seq_iter(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
         for (key, data) in cursor.iter().map(Result::unwrap) {
             i = i + key.len() + data.len();
-            count = count + 1;
+            count += 1;
         }
         for (key, data) in cursor.iter().filter_map(Result::ok) {
             i = i + key.len() + data.len();
-            count = count + 1;
+            count += 1;
         }
 
-        fn iterate<'a>(cursor: &mut RoCursor) -> Result<()> {
+        fn iterate(cursor: &mut RoCursor) -> Result<()> {
             let mut i = 0;
-            let mut count = 0u32;
             for result in cursor.iter() {
                 let (key, data) = result?;
                 i = i + key.len() + data.len();
-                count = count + 1;
             }
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -85,8 +91,14 @@ fn bench_get_seq_raw(b: &mut Bencher) {
     let _txn = env.begin_ro_txn().unwrap();
     let txn = _txn.txn();
 
-    let mut key = MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+    let mut key = MDB_val {
-    let mut data = MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+        mv_size: 0,
+        mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+    let mut data = MDB_val {
+        mv_size: 0,
+        mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
     let mut cursor: *mut MDB_cursor = ptr::null_mut();
 
     b.iter(|| unsafe {
@@ -97,7 +109,7 @@ fn bench_get_seq_raw(b: &mut Bencher) {
         while mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &mut key, &mut data, MDB_NEXT) == 0 {
             i += key.mv_size + data.mv_size;
             count += 1;
-        };
+        }
 
         black_box(i);
         assert_eq!(count, n);

benches/transaction.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,19 @@ mod utils;
 
 use ffi::*;
 use libc::size_t;
-use lmdb::{Transaction, WriteFlags};
+use lmdb::{
-use rand::{Rng, XorShiftRng};
+    Transaction,
+    WriteFlags,
+};
+use rand::{
+    Rng,
+    XorShiftRng,
+};
 use std::ptr;
-use test::{Bencher, black_box};
+use test::{
+    black_box,
+    Bencher,
+};
 use utils::*;
 
 #[bench]
@@ -23,13 +32,13 @@ fn bench_get_rand(b: &mut Bencher) {
     let db = env.open_db(None).unwrap();
     let txn = env.begin_ro_txn().unwrap();
 
-    let mut keys: Vec<String> = (0..n).map(|n| get_key(n)).collect();
+    let mut keys: Vec<String> = (0..n).map(get_key).collect();
     XorShiftRng::new_unseeded().shuffle(&mut keys[..]);
 
     b.iter(|| {
         let mut i = 0usize;
         for key in &keys {
-            i = i + txn.get(db, key).unwrap().len();
+            i += txn.get(db, key).unwrap().len();
         }
         black_box(i);
     });
@@ -42,14 +51,20 @@ fn bench_get_rand_raw(b: &mut Bencher) {
     let db = env.open_db(None).unwrap();
     let _txn = env.begin_ro_txn().unwrap();
 
-    let mut keys: Vec<String> = (0..n).map(|n| get_key(n)).collect();
+    let mut keys: Vec<String> = (0..n).map(get_key).collect();
     XorShiftRng::new_unseeded().shuffle(&mut keys[..]);
 
     let dbi = db.dbi();
     let txn = _txn.txn();
 
-    let mut key_val: MDB_val = MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+    let mut key_val: MDB_val = MDB_val {
-    let mut data_val: MDB_val = MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+        mv_size: 0,
+        mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+    let mut data_val: MDB_val = MDB_val {
+        mv_size: 0,
+        mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
 
     b.iter(|| unsafe {
         let mut i: size_t = 0;
@@ -59,7 +74,7 @@ fn bench_get_rand_raw(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
             mdb_get(txn, dbi, &mut key_val, &mut data_val);
 
-            i = i + key_val.mv_size;
+            i += key_val.mv_size;
         }
         black_box(i);
     });
@@ -95,8 +110,14 @@ fn bench_put_rand_raw(b: &mut Bencher) {
     let dbi = db.dbi();
     let env = _env.env();
 
-    let mut key_val: MDB_val = MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+    let mut key_val: MDB_val = MDB_val {
-    let mut data_val: MDB_val = MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+        mv_size: 0,
+        mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+    let mut data_val: MDB_val = MDB_val {
+        mv_size: 0,
+        mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
 
     b.iter(|| unsafe {
         let mut txn: *mut MDB_txn = ptr::null_mut();
@@ -104,7 +125,6 @@ fn bench_put_rand_raw(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
         let mut i: ::libc::c_int = 0;
         for &(ref key, ref data) in items.iter() {
-
             key_val.mv_size = key.len() as size_t;
             key_val.mv_data = key.as_bytes().as_ptr() as *mut _;
             data_val.mv_size = data.len() as size_t;

benches/utils.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 extern crate lmdb;
 extern crate tempdir;
 
-use lmdb::{Environment, Transaction, WriteFlags};
 use self::tempdir::TempDir;
+use lmdb::{
+    Environment,
+    Transaction,
+    WriteFlags,
+};
 
 pub fn get_key(n: u32) -> String {
     format!("key{}", n)
@@ -12,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn get_data(n: u32) -> String {
     format!("data{}", n)
 }
 
-pub fn setup_bench_db<'a>(num_rows: u32) -> (TempDir, Environment) {
+pub fn setup_bench_db(num_rows: u32) -> (TempDir, Environment) {
     let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
     let env = Environment::new().open(dir.path()).unwrap();
 

lmdb-sys/.rustfmt.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ignore = [
+    "src/bindings.rs"
+]

lmdb-sys/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 #![deny(warnings)]
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(clippy::all)]
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/lmdb-rkv-sys/0.9.0")]
 
 extern crate libc;

src/cursor.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,31 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::{fmt, mem, ptr, result, slice};
+use std::{
+    fmt,
+    mem,
+    ptr,
+    result,
+    slice,
+};
 
-use libc::{EINVAL, c_void, size_t, c_uint};
+use libc::{
+    c_uint,
+    c_void,
+    size_t,
+    EINVAL,
+};
 
 use database::Database;
-use error::{Error, Result, lmdb_result};
+use error::{
+    lmdb_result,
+    Error,
+    Result,
+};
 use ffi;
 use flags::WriteFlags;
 use transaction::Transaction;
 
 /// An LMDB cursor.
 pub trait Cursor<'txn> {
-
     /// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying LMDB cursor.
     ///
     /// The caller **must** ensure that the pointer is not used after the
@@ -26,7 +40,11 @@ pub trait Cursor<'txn> {
             let mut data_val = slice_to_val(data);
             let key_ptr = key_val.mv_data;
             lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_get(self.cursor(), &mut key_val, &mut data_val, op))?;
-            let key_out = if key_ptr != key_val.mv_data { Some(val_to_slice(key_val)) } else { None };
+            let key_out = if key_ptr != key_val.mv_data {
+                Some(val_to_slice(key_val))
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
             let data_out = val_to_slice(data_val);
             Ok((key_out, data_out))
         }
@@ -57,7 +75,10 @@ pub trait Cursor<'txn> {
     /// For databases with duplicate data items (`DatabaseFlags::DUP_SORT`), the
     /// duplicate data items of each key will be returned before moving on to
     /// the next key.
-    fn iter_from<K>(&mut self, key: K) -> Iter<'txn> where K: AsRef<[u8]> {
+    fn iter_from<K>(&mut self, key: K) -> Iter<'txn>
+    where
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+    {
         match self.get(Some(key.as_ref()), None, ffi::MDB_SET_RANGE) {
             Ok(_) | Err(Error::NotFound) => (),
             Err(error) => return Iter::Err(error),
@@ -80,7 +101,10 @@ pub trait Cursor<'txn> {
 
     /// Iterate over duplicate items in the database starting from the given
     /// key. Each item will be returned as an iterator of its duplicates.
-    fn iter_dup_from<K>(&mut self, key: K) -> IterDup<'txn> where K: AsRef<[u8]> {
+    fn iter_dup_from<K>(&mut self, key: K) -> IterDup<'txn>
+    where
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+    {
         match self.get(Some(key.as_ref()), None, ffi::MDB_SET_RANGE) {
             Ok(_) | Err(Error::NotFound) => (),
             Err(error) => return IterDup::Err(error),
@@ -89,7 +113,10 @@ pub trait Cursor<'txn> {
     }
 
     /// Iterate over the duplicates of the item in the database with the given key.
-    fn iter_dup_of<K>(&mut self, key: K) -> Iter<'txn> where K: AsRef<[u8]> {
+    fn iter_dup_of<K>(&mut self, key: K) -> Iter<'txn>
+    where
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+    {
         match self.get(Some(key.as_ref()), None, ffi::MDB_SET) {
             Ok(_) | Err(Error::NotFound) => (),
             Err(error) => return Iter::Err(error),
@@ -123,14 +150,18 @@ impl <'txn> Drop for RoCursor<'txn> {
 }
 
 impl<'txn> RoCursor<'txn> {
-
     /// Creates a new read-only cursor in the given database and transaction.
     /// Prefer using `Transaction::open_cursor`.
-    pub(crate) fn new<T>(txn: &'txn T, db: Database) -> Result<RoCursor<'txn>> where T: Transaction {
+    pub(crate) fn new<T>(txn: &'txn T, db: Database) -> Result<RoCursor<'txn>>
+    where
+        T: Transaction,
+    {
         let mut cursor: *mut ffi::MDB_cursor = ptr::null_mut();
-        unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_open(txn.txn(), db.dbi(), &mut cursor))?; }
+        unsafe {
+            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_open(txn.txn(), db.dbi(), &mut cursor))?;
+        }
         Ok(RoCursor {
-            cursor: cursor,
+            cursor,
             _marker: PhantomData,
         })
     }
@@ -161,31 +192,40 @@ impl <'txn> Drop for RwCursor<'txn> {
 }
 
 impl<'txn> RwCursor<'txn> {
-
     /// Creates a new read-only cursor in the given database and transaction.
     /// Prefer using `RwTransaction::open_rw_cursor`.
-    pub(crate) fn new<T>(txn: &'txn T, db: Database) -> Result<RwCursor<'txn>> where T: Transaction {
+    pub(crate) fn new<T>(txn: &'txn T, db: Database) -> Result<RwCursor<'txn>>
+    where
+        T: Transaction,
+    {
         let mut cursor: *mut ffi::MDB_cursor = ptr::null_mut();
-        unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_open(txn.txn(), db.dbi(), &mut cursor))?; }
+        unsafe {
-        Ok(RwCursor { cursor: cursor, _marker: PhantomData })
+            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_open(txn.txn(), db.dbi(), &mut cursor))?;
+        }
+        Ok(RwCursor {
+            cursor,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        })
     }
 
     /// Puts a key/data pair into the database. The cursor will be positioned at
     /// the new data item, or on failure usually near it.
     pub fn put<K, D>(&mut self, key: &K, data: &D, flags: WriteFlags) -> Result<()>
-    where K: AsRef<[u8]>, D: AsRef<[u8]> {
+    where
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+        D: AsRef<[u8]>,
+    {
         let key = key.as_ref();
         let data = data.as_ref();
-        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
+        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+            mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
-        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
+            mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                                                        mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+        };
-        unsafe {
+        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_put(self.cursor(),
+            mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
-                                            &mut key_val,
+            mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                                            &mut data_val,
+        };
-                                            flags.bits()))
+        unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_cursor_put(self.cursor(), &mut key_val, &mut data_val, flags.bits())) }
-        }
     }
 
     /// Deletes the current key/data pair.
@@ -201,12 +241,14 @@ impl <'txn> RwCursor<'txn> {
 
 unsafe fn slice_to_val(slice: Option<&[u8]>) -> ffi::MDB_val {
     match slice {
-        Some(slice) =>
+        Some(slice) => ffi::MDB_val {
-            ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: slice.len() as size_t,
+            mv_size: slice.len() as size_t,
-                           mv_data: slice.as_ptr() as *mut c_void },
+            mv_data: slice.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-        None =>
+        },
-            ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0,
+        None => ffi::MDB_val {
-                           mv_data: ptr::null_mut() },
+            mv_size: 0,
+            mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+        },
     }
 }
 
@@ -243,10 +285,14 @@ pub enum Iter<'txn> {
 }
 
 impl<'txn> Iter<'txn> {
-
     /// Creates a new iterator backed by the given cursor.
     fn new<'t>(cursor: *mut ffi::MDB_cursor, op: c_uint, next_op: c_uint) -> Iter<'t> {
-        Iter::Ok { cursor: cursor, op: op, next_op: next_op, _marker: PhantomData }
+        Iter::Ok {
+            cursor,
+            op,
+            next_op,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -257,14 +303,24 @@ impl <'txn> fmt::Debug for Iter<'txn> {
 }
 
 impl<'txn> Iterator for Iter<'txn> {
-
     type Item = Result<(&'txn [u8], &'txn [u8])>;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<(&'txn [u8], &'txn [u8])>> {
         match self {
-            &mut Iter::Ok { cursor, ref mut op, next_op, _marker } => {
+            &mut Iter::Ok {
-                let mut key = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+                cursor,
-                let mut data = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+                ref mut op,
+                next_op,
+                _marker,
+            } => {
+                let mut key = ffi::MDB_val {
+                    mv_size: 0,
+                    mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+                };
+                let mut data = ffi::MDB_val {
+                    mv_size: 0,
+                    mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+                };
                 let op = mem::replace(op, next_op);
                 unsafe {
                     match ffi::mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &mut key, &mut data, op) {
@@ -310,10 +366,13 @@ pub enum IterDup<'txn> {
 }
 
 impl<'txn> IterDup<'txn> {
-
     /// Creates a new iterator backed by the given cursor.
     fn new<'t>(cursor: *mut ffi::MDB_cursor, op: c_uint) -> IterDup<'t> {
-        IterDup::Ok { cursor: cursor, op: op, _marker: PhantomData }
+        IterDup::Ok {
+            cursor,
+            op,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -324,18 +383,25 @@ impl <'txn> fmt::Debug for IterDup<'txn> {
 }
 
 impl<'txn> Iterator for IterDup<'txn> {
-
     type Item = Iter<'txn>;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Iter<'txn>> {
         match self {
-            &mut IterDup::Ok { cursor, ref mut op, _marker } => {
+            &mut IterDup::Ok {
-                let mut key = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+                cursor,
-                let mut data = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0, mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+                ref mut op,
-                let op = mem::replace(op, ffi::MDB_NEXT_NODUP);
+                _marker,
-                let err_code = unsafe {
+            } => {
-                    ffi::mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &mut key, &mut data, op)
+                let mut key = ffi::MDB_val {
+                    mv_size: 0,
+                    mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+                };
+                let mut data = ffi::MDB_val {
+                    mv_size: 0,
+                    mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
                 };
+                let op = mem::replace(op, ffi::MDB_NEXT_NODUP);
+                let err_code = unsafe { ffi::mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &mut key, &mut data, op) };
 
                 if err_code == ffi::MDB_SUCCESS {
                     Some(Iter::new(cursor, ffi::MDB_GET_CURRENT, ffi::MDB_NEXT_DUP))
@@ -352,10 +418,10 @@ impl <'txn> Iterator for IterDup<'txn> {
 mod test {
     use tempdir::TempDir;
 
+    use super::*;
     use environment::*;
     use ffi::*;
     use flags::*;
-    use super::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_get() {
@@ -369,22 +435,14 @@ mod test {
         txn.put(db, b"key3", b"val3", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
 
         let cursor = txn.open_ro_cursor(db).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_CURRENT).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_CURRENT).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_PREV).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_LAST).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((None, &b"val2"[..]), cursor.get(Some(b"key2"), None, MDB_SET).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(Some(&b"key3"[..]), None, MDB_SET_KEY).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_PREV).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(Some(&b"key2\0"[..]), None, MDB_SET_RANGE).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_LAST).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val2"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(Some(b"key2"), None, MDB_SET).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key3"[..]), None, MDB_SET_KEY).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key2\0"[..]), None, MDB_SET_RANGE).unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -402,35 +460,24 @@ mod test {
         txn.put(db, b"key2", b"val3", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
 
         let cursor = txn.open_ro_cursor(db).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST_DUP).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_CURRENT).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST_DUP).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_NODUP).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_DUP).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_CURRENT).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_DUP).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_NODUP).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_DUP).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val3"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_DUP).unwrap());
         assert!(cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_DUP).is_err());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_PREV_DUP).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_PREV_DUP).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((None, &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_LAST_DUP).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val3"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_PREV_NODUP).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_LAST_DUP).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(Some(&b"key1"[..]), None, MDB_SET).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val3"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(Some(&b"key2"[..]), None, MDB_SET_KEY).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_PREV_NODUP).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(Some(&b"key1\0"[..]), None, MDB_SET_RANGE).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((None, &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(Some(&b"key1"[..]), Some(&b"val3"[..]), MDB_GET_BOTH).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key1"[..]), None, MDB_SET).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+            (None, &b"val1"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key2"[..]), None, MDB_SET_KEY).unwrap());
+            cursor.get(Some(&b"key2"[..]), Some(&b"val"[..]), MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE).unwrap()
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        );
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key1\0"[..]), None, MDB_SET_RANGE).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val3"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key1"[..]), Some(&b"val3"[..]), MDB_GET_BOTH).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(Some(&b"key2"[..]), Some(&b"val"[..]), MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE).unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -448,10 +495,8 @@ mod test {
         txn.put(db, b"key2", b"val6", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
 
         let cursor = txn.open_ro_cursor(db).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key1"[..]), &b"val1"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_FIRST).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1val2val3"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_MULTIPLE).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!((None, &b"val1val2val3"[..]),
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_MULTIPLE).unwrap());
         assert!(cursor.get(None, None, MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE).is_err());
     }
 
@@ -461,10 +506,8 @@ mod test {
         let env = Environment::new().open(dir.path()).unwrap();
         let db = env.open_db(None).unwrap();
 
-        let items: Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])> = vec!((b"key1", b"val1"),
+        let items: Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])> =
-                                              (b"key2", b"val2"),
+            vec![(b"key1", b"val1"), (b"key2", b"val2"), (b"key3", b"val3"), (b"key5", b"val5")];
-                                              (b"key3", b"val3"),
-                                              (b"key5", b"val5"));
 
         {
             let mut txn = env.begin_rw_txn().unwrap();
@@ -487,19 +530,27 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(items, retr.unwrap());
 
         cursor.get(Some(b"key2"), None, MDB_SET).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(2).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   cursor.iter().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(2).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            cursor.iter().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(items, cursor.iter_start().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
 
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(1).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   cursor.iter_from(b"key2").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(1).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            cursor.iter_from(b"key2").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
 
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   cursor.iter_from(b"key4").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            cursor.iter_from(b"key4").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
 
-        assert_eq!(vec!().into_iter().collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   cursor.iter_from(b"key6").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            vec!().into_iter().collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+            cursor.iter_from(b"key6").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -538,7 +589,8 @@ mod test {
         let env = Environment::new().open(dir.path()).unwrap();
         let db = env.create_db(None, DatabaseFlags::DUP_SORT).unwrap();
 
-        let items: Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])> = vec!((b"a", b"1"),
+        let items: Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])> = vec![
+            (b"a", b"1"),
             (b"a", b"2"),
             (b"a", b"3"),
             (b"b", b"1"),
@@ -549,7 +601,8 @@ mod test {
             (b"c", b"3"),
             (b"e", b"1"),
             (b"e", b"2"),
-                                              (b"e", b"3"));
+            (b"e", b"3"),
+        ];
 
         {
             let mut txn = env.begin_rw_txn().unwrap();
@@ -561,29 +614,40 @@ mod test {
 
         let txn = env.begin_ro_txn().unwrap();
         let mut cursor = txn.open_ro_cursor(db).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(items, cursor.iter_dup().flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(items, cursor.iter_dup().flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
 
         cursor.get(Some(b"b"), None, MDB_SET).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(4).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   cursor.iter_dup().flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(4).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
-
+            cursor.iter_dup().flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
-        assert_eq!(items,
+        );
-                   cursor.iter_dup_start().flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>>().unwrap());
+
-
+        assert_eq!(items, cursor.iter_dup_start().flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>>().unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+
-                   cursor.iter_dup_from(b"b").flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(
-
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+            cursor.iter_dup_from(b"b").flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
-                   cursor.iter_dup_from(b"ab").flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+        );
-
+
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(9).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   cursor.iter_dup_from(b"d").flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
-
+            cursor.iter_dup_from(b"ab").flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
-        assert_eq!(vec!().into_iter().collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+        );
-                   cursor.iter_dup_from(b"f").flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+
-
+        assert_eq!(
-        assert_eq!(items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).take(3).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(9).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
-                   cursor.iter_dup_of(b"b").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap());
+            cursor.iter_dup_from(b"d").flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec!().into_iter().collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+            cursor.iter_dup_from(b"f").flatten().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            items.clone().into_iter().skip(3).take(3).collect::<Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])>>(),
+            cursor.iter_dup_of(b"b").collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>().unwrap()
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(0, cursor.iter_dup_of(b"foo").count());
     }
@@ -601,11 +665,9 @@ mod test {
         cursor.put(b"key2", b"val2", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
         cursor.put(b"key3", b"val3", WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key3"[..]), &b"val3"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_CURRENT).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_GET_CURRENT).unwrap());
 
         cursor.del(WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]),
+        assert_eq!((Some(&b"key2"[..]), &b"val2"[..]), cursor.get(None, None, MDB_LAST).unwrap());
-                   cursor.get(None, None, MDB_LAST).unwrap());
     }
 }

src/database.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ use std::ptr;
 
 use ffi;
 
-use error::{Result, lmdb_result};
+use error::{
+    lmdb_result,
+    Result,
+};
 
 /// A handle to an individual database in an environment.
 ///
@@ -15,20 +18,22 @@ pub struct Database {
 }
 
 impl Database {
-
     /// Opens a new database handle in the given transaction.
     ///
     /// Prefer using `Environment::open_db`, `Environment::create_db`, `TransactionExt::open_db`,
     /// or `RwTransaction::create_db`.
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn new(txn: *mut ffi::MDB_txn,
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn new(txn: *mut ffi::MDB_txn, name: Option<&str>, flags: c_uint) -> Result<Database> {
-                             name: Option<&str>,
-                             flags: c_uint)
-                             -> Result<Database> {
         let c_name = name.map(|n| CString::new(n).unwrap());
-        let name_ptr = if let Some(ref c_name) = c_name { c_name.as_ptr() } else { ptr::null() };
+        let name_ptr = if let Some(ref c_name) = c_name {
+            c_name.as_ptr()
+        } else {
+            ptr::null()
+        };
         let mut dbi: ffi::MDB_dbi = 0;
         lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_dbi_open(txn, name_ptr, flags, &mut dbi))?;
-        Ok(Database { dbi: dbi })
+        Ok(Database {
+            dbi,
+        })
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn freelist_db() -> Database {
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ impl Database {
     ///
     /// The caller **must** ensure that the handle is not used after the lifetime of the
     /// environment, or after the database has been closed.
+    #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
     pub fn dbi(&self) -> ffi::MDB_dbi {
         self.dbi
     }

src/environment.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,44 @@
-use libc::{c_uint, size_t};
+use libc::{
-use std::{fmt, ptr, result, mem};
+    c_uint,
+    size_t,
+};
 use std::ffi::CString;
-#[cfg(unix)]
-use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
 #[cfg(windows)]
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::{
+    fmt,
+    mem,
+    ptr,
+    result,
+};
 
 use ffi;
 
-use byteorder::{ByteOrder, NativeEndian};
+use byteorder::{
+    ByteOrder,
+    NativeEndian,
+};
 
 use cursor::Cursor;
-use error::{Error, Result, lmdb_result};
 use database::Database;
-use transaction::{RoTransaction, RwTransaction, Transaction};
+use error::{
-use flags::{DatabaseFlags, EnvironmentFlags};
+    lmdb_result,
+    Error,
+    Result,
+};
+use flags::{
+    DatabaseFlags,
+    EnvironmentFlags,
+};
+use transaction::{
+    RoTransaction,
+    RwTransaction,
+    Transaction,
+};
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
 /// Adding a 'missing' trait from windows OsStrExt
@@ -39,14 +61,14 @@ pub struct Environment {
 }
 
 impl Environment {
-
     /// Creates a new builder for specifying options for opening an LMDB environment.
+    #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
     pub fn new() -> EnvironmentBuilder {
         EnvironmentBuilder {
             flags: EnvironmentFlags::empty(),
             max_readers: None,
             max_dbs: None,
-            map_size: None
+            map_size: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -95,10 +117,7 @@ impl Environment {
     ///
     /// This function will fail with `Error::BadRslot` if called by a thread with an open
     /// transaction.
-    pub fn create_db<'env>(&'env self,
+    pub fn create_db<'env>(&'env self, name: Option<&str>, flags: DatabaseFlags) -> Result<Database> {
-                           name: Option<&str>,
-                           flags: DatabaseFlags)
-                           -> Result<Database> {
         let mutex = self.dbi_open_mutex.lock();
         let txn = self.begin_rw_txn()?;
         let db = unsafe { txn.create_db(name, flags)? };
@@ -110,7 +129,7 @@ impl Environment {
     /// Retrieves the set of flags which the database is opened with.
     ///
     /// The database must belong to to this environment.
-    pub fn get_db_flags<'env>(&'env self, db: Database) -> Result<DatabaseFlags> {
+    pub fn get_db_flags(&self, db: Database) -> Result<DatabaseFlags> {
         let txn = self.begin_ro_txn()?;
         let mut flags: c_uint = 0;
         unsafe {
@@ -137,7 +156,14 @@ impl Environment {
     /// the environment was opened with `MDB_NOSYNC` or in part `MDB_NOMETASYNC`.
     pub fn sync(&self, force: bool) -> Result<()> {
         unsafe {
-            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_env_sync(self.env(), if force { 1 } else { 0 }))
+            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_env_sync(
+                self.env(),
+                if force {
+                    1
+                } else {
+                    0
+                },
+            ))
         }
     }
 
@@ -239,9 +265,7 @@ impl Environment {
     ///   with size 0 to update the environment. Otherwise, new transaction creation
     ///   will fail with `Error::MapResized`.
     pub fn set_map_size(&self, size: size_t) -> Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
+        unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_env_set_mapsize(self.env(), size)) }
-            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_env_set_mapsize(self.env(), size))
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -253,9 +277,7 @@ pub struct Stat(ffi::MDB_stat);
 impl Stat {
     /// Create a new Stat with zero'd inner struct `ffi::MDB_stat`.
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Stat {
-        unsafe {
+        unsafe { Stat(mem::zeroed()) }
-            Stat(mem::zeroed())
-        }
     }
 
     /// Returns a mut pointer to `ffi::MDB_stat`.
@@ -368,7 +390,6 @@ pub struct EnvironmentBuilder {
 }
 
 impl EnvironmentBuilder {
-
     /// Open an environment.
     ///
     /// On UNIX, the database files will be opened with 644 permissions.
@@ -390,26 +411,27 @@ impl EnvironmentBuilder {
         unsafe {
             lmdb_try!(ffi::mdb_env_create(&mut env));
             if let Some(max_readers) = self.max_readers {
-                lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_set_maxreaders(env, max_readers),
+                lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_set_maxreaders(env, max_readers), ffi::mdb_env_close(env))
-                                       ffi::mdb_env_close(env))
             }
             if let Some(max_dbs) = self.max_dbs {
-                lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, max_dbs),
+                lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, max_dbs), ffi::mdb_env_close(env))
-                                       ffi::mdb_env_close(env))
             }
             if let Some(map_size) = self.map_size {
-                lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, map_size),
+                lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, map_size), ffi::mdb_env_close(env))
-                                       ffi::mdb_env_close(env))
             }
             let path = match CString::new(path.as_os_str().as_bytes()) {
                 Ok(path) => path,
                 Err(..) => return Err(::Error::Invalid),
             };
-            lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(ffi::mdb_env_open(env, path.as_ptr(), self.flags.bits(), mode),
+            lmdb_try_with_cleanup!(
-                                   ffi::mdb_env_close(env));
+                ffi::mdb_env_open(env, path.as_ptr(), self.flags.bits(), mode),
+                ffi::mdb_env_close(env)
+            );
         }
-        Ok(Environment { env: env, dbi_open_mutex: Mutex::new(()) })
+        Ok(Environment {
-
+            env,
+            dbi_open_mutex: Mutex::new(()),
+        })
     }
 
     /// Sets the provided options in the environment.
@@ -465,8 +487,11 @@ mod test {
 
     extern crate byteorder;
 
+    use self::byteorder::{
+        ByteOrder,
+        LittleEndian,
+    };
     use tempdir::TempDir;
-    use self::byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
 
     use flags::*;
 
@@ -477,34 +502,30 @@ mod test {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
 
         // opening non-existent env with read-only should fail
-        assert!(Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY)
+        assert!(Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY).open(dir.path()).is_err());
-                                  .open(dir.path())
-                                  .is_err());
 
         // opening non-existent env should succeed
         assert!(Environment::new().open(dir.path()).is_ok());
 
         // opening env with read-only should succeed
-        assert!(Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY)
+        assert!(Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY).open(dir.path()).is_ok());
-                                  .open(dir.path())
-                                  .is_ok());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_begin_txn() {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
 
-        { // writable environment
+        {
+            // writable environment
             let env = Environment::new().open(dir.path()).unwrap();
 
             assert!(env.begin_rw_txn().is_ok());
             assert!(env.begin_ro_txn().is_ok());
         }
 
-        { // read-only environment
+        {
-            let env = Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY)
+            // read-only environment
-                                        .open(dir.path())
+            let env = Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-                                        .unwrap();
 
             assert!(env.begin_rw_txn().is_err());
             assert!(env.begin_ro_txn().is_ok());
@@ -514,9 +535,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_open_db() {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
-        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(1)
+        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(1).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-                                    .open(dir.path())
-                                    .unwrap();
 
         assert!(env.open_db(None).is_ok());
         assert!(env.open_db(Some("testdb")).is_err());
@@ -525,9 +544,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_create_db() {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
-        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(11)
+        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(11).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-                                    .open(dir.path())
-                                    .unwrap();
         assert!(env.open_db(Some("testdb")).is_err());
         assert!(env.create_db(Some("testdb"), DatabaseFlags::empty()).is_ok());
         assert!(env.open_db(Some("testdb")).is_ok())
@@ -536,12 +553,12 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_close_database() {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
-        let mut env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(10)
+        let mut env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(10).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-                                        .open(dir.path())
-                                        .unwrap();
 
         let db = env.create_db(Some("db"), DatabaseFlags::empty()).unwrap();
-        unsafe { env.close_db(db); }
+        unsafe {
+            env.close_db(db);
+        }
         assert!(env.open_db(Some("db")).is_ok());
     }
 
@@ -551,10 +568,9 @@ mod test {
         {
             let env = Environment::new().open(dir.path()).unwrap();
             assert!(env.sync(true).is_ok());
-        } {
+        }
-            let env = Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY)
+        {
-                                        .open(dir.path())
+            let env = Environment::new().set_flags(EnvironmentFlags::READ_ONLY).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-                                        .unwrap();
             assert!(env.sync(true).is_err());
         }
     }
@@ -598,10 +614,7 @@ mod test {
     fn test_info() {
         let map_size = 1024 * 1024;
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
-        let env = Environment::new()
+        let env = Environment::new().set_map_size(map_size).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-            .set_map_size(map_size)
-            .open(dir.path())
-            .unwrap();
 
         let info = env.info().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(info.map_size(), map_size);

src/error.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ use libc::c_int;
 use std::error::Error as StdError;
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::os::raw::c_char;
-use std::{fmt, result, str};
+use std::{
+    fmt,
+    result,
+    str,
+};
 
 use ffi;
 
@@ -54,7 +58,6 @@ pub enum Error {
 }
 
 impl Error {
-
     /// Converts a raw error code to an `Error`.
     pub fn from_err_code(err_code: c_int) -> Error {
         match err_code {
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ impl Error {
     }
 
     /// Converts an `Error` to the raw error code.
+    #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
     pub fn to_err_code(&self) -> c_int {
         match *self {
             Error::KeyExist => ffi::MDB_KEYEXIST,
@@ -146,9 +150,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_description() {
-        assert_eq!("Permission denied",
+        assert_eq!("Permission denied", Error::from_err_code(13).description());
-                   Error::from_err_code(13).description());
+        assert_eq!("MDB_NOTFOUND: No matching key/data pair found", Error::NotFound.description());
-        assert_eq!("MDB_NOTFOUND: No matching key/data pair found",
-                   Error::NotFound.description());
     }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
 #![deny(missing_docs)]
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/lmdb-rkv/0.12.0")]
 
+extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate libc;
 extern crate lmdb_rkv_sys as ffi;
-extern crate byteorder;
 
-#[cfg(test)] extern crate tempdir;
+#[cfg(test)]
-#[macro_use] extern crate bitflags;
+extern crate tempdir;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate bitflags;
 
 pub use cursor::{
     Cursor,
-    RoCursor,
-    RwCursor,
     Iter,
     IterDup,
+    RoCursor,
+    RwCursor,
 };
 pub use database::Database;
 pub use environment::{
@@ -25,7 +27,10 @@ pub use environment::{
     Info,
     Stat,
 };
-pub use error::{Error, Result};
+pub use error::{
+    Error,
+    Result,
+};
 pub use flags::*;
 pub use transaction::{
     InactiveTransaction,
@@ -35,37 +40,40 @@ pub use transaction::{
 };
 
 macro_rules! lmdb_try {
-    ($expr:expr) => ({
+    ($expr:expr) => {{
         match $expr {
             ::ffi::MDB_SUCCESS => (),
             err_code => return Err(::Error::from_err_code(err_code)),
         }
-    })
+    }};
 }
 
 macro_rules! lmdb_try_with_cleanup {
-    ($expr:expr, $cleanup:expr) => ({
+    ($expr:expr, $cleanup:expr) => {{
         match $expr {
             ::ffi::MDB_SUCCESS => (),
             err_code => {
                 let _ = $cleanup;
-                return Err(::Error::from_err_code(err_code))
+                return Err(::Error::from_err_code(err_code));
             },
         }
-    })
+    }};
 }
 
-mod flags;
 mod cursor;
 mod database;
 mod environment;
 mod error;
+mod flags;
 mod transaction;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test_utils {
 
-    use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
+    use byteorder::{
+        ByteOrder,
+        LittleEndian,
+    };
     use tempdir::TempDir;
 
     use super::*;
@@ -91,10 +99,7 @@ mod test_utils {
             let mut value = [0u8; 8];
             LittleEndian::write_u64(&mut value, height);
             let mut tx = env.begin_rw_txn().expect("begin_rw_txn");
-            tx.put(index,
+            tx.put(index, &HEIGHT_KEY, &value, WriteFlags::empty()).expect("tx.put");
-                   &HEIGHT_KEY,
-                   &value,
-                   WriteFlags::empty()).expect("tx.put");
             tx.commit().expect("tx.commit")
         }
     }

src/transaction.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,43 @@
-use libc::{c_uint, c_void, size_t};
+use libc::{
-use std::{fmt, mem, ptr, result, slice};
+    c_uint,
+    c_void,
+    size_t,
+};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::{
+    fmt,
+    mem,
+    ptr,
+    result,
+    slice,
+};
 
 use ffi;
 
-use cursor::{RoCursor, RwCursor};
+use cursor::{
-use environment::{Environment, Stat};
+    RoCursor,
+    RwCursor,
+};
 use database::Database;
-use error::{Error, Result, lmdb_result};
+use environment::{
-use flags::{DatabaseFlags, EnvironmentFlags, WriteFlags};
+    Environment,
+    Stat,
+};
+use error::{
+    lmdb_result,
+    Error,
+    Result,
+};
+use flags::{
+    DatabaseFlags,
+    EnvironmentFlags,
+    WriteFlags,
+};
 
 /// An LMDB transaction.
 ///
 /// All database operations require a transaction.
 pub trait Transaction: Sized {
-
     /// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying LMDB transaction.
     ///
     /// The caller **must** ensure that the pointer is not used after the
@@ -68,22 +91,22 @@ pub trait Transaction : Sized {
     /// returned. Retrieval of other items requires the use of
     /// `Transaction::cursor_get`. If the item is not in the database, then
     /// `Error::NotFound` will be returned.
-    fn get<'txn, K>(&'txn self,
+    fn get<'txn, K>(&'txn self, database: Database, key: &K) -> Result<&'txn [u8]>
-                    database: Database,
+    where
-                    key: &K)
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
-                    -> Result<&'txn [u8]>
+    {
-    where K: AsRef<[u8]> {
         let key = key.as_ref();
-        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
+        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+            mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
-        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: 0,
+            mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                                                        mv_data: ptr::null_mut() };
+        };
+        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
+            mv_size: 0,
+            mv_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+        };
         unsafe {
             match ffi::mdb_get(self.txn(), database.dbi(), &mut key_val, &mut data_val) {
-                ffi::MDB_SUCCESS => {
+                ffi::MDB_SUCCESS => Ok(slice::from_raw_parts(data_val.mv_data as *const u8, data_val.mv_size as usize)),
-                    Ok(slice::from_raw_parts(data_val.mv_data as *const u8,
-                                             data_val.mv_size as usize))
-                },
                 err_code => Err(Error::from_err_code(err_code)),
             }
         }
@@ -132,14 +155,16 @@ impl <'env> Drop for RoTransaction<'env> {
 }
 
 impl<'env> RoTransaction<'env> {
-
     /// Creates a new read-only transaction in the given environment. Prefer
     /// using `Environment::begin_ro_txn`.
     pub(crate) fn new(env: &'env Environment) -> Result<RoTransaction<'env>> {
         let mut txn: *mut ffi::MDB_txn = ptr::null_mut();
         unsafe {
             lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_txn_begin(env.env(), ptr::null_mut(), ffi::MDB_RDONLY, &mut txn))?;
-            Ok(RoTransaction { txn: txn, _marker: PhantomData })
+            Ok(RoTransaction {
+                txn,
+                _marker: PhantomData,
+            })
         }
     }
 
@@ -161,7 +186,10 @@ impl <'env> RoTransaction<'env> {
             mem::forget(self);
             ffi::mdb_txn_reset(txn)
         };
-        InactiveTransaction { txn: txn, _marker: PhantomData }
+        InactiveTransaction {
+            txn,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -190,7 +218,6 @@ impl <'env> Drop for InactiveTransaction<'env> {
 }
 
 impl<'env> InactiveTransaction<'env> {
-
     /// Renews the inactive transaction, returning an active read-only
     /// transaction.
     ///
@@ -202,7 +229,10 @@ impl <'env> InactiveTransaction<'env> {
             mem::forget(self);
             lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_txn_renew(txn))?
         };
-        Ok(RoTransaction { txn: txn, _marker: PhantomData })
+        Ok(RoTransaction {
+            txn,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -225,17 +255,16 @@ impl <'env> Drop for RwTransaction<'env> {
 }
 
 impl<'env> RwTransaction<'env> {
-
     /// Creates a new read-write transaction in the given environment. Prefer
     /// using `Environment::begin_ro_txn`.
     pub(crate) fn new(env: &'env Environment) -> Result<RwTransaction<'env>> {
         let mut txn: *mut ffi::MDB_txn = ptr::null_mut();
         unsafe {
-            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_txn_begin(env.env(),
+            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_txn_begin(env.env(), ptr::null_mut(), EnvironmentFlags::empty().bits(), &mut txn))?;
-                        ptr::null_mut(),
+            Ok(RwTransaction {
-                        EnvironmentFlags::empty().bits(),
+                txn,
-                        &mut txn))?;
+                _marker: PhantomData,
-            Ok(RwTransaction { txn: txn, _marker: PhantomData })
+            })
         }
     }
 
@@ -271,51 +300,55 @@ impl <'env> RwTransaction<'env> {
     /// behavior is to enter the new key/data pair, replacing any previously
     /// existing key if duplicates are disallowed, or adding a duplicate data
     /// item if duplicates are allowed (`DatabaseFlags::DUP_SORT`).
-    pub fn put<K, D>(&mut self,
+    pub fn put<K, D>(&mut self, database: Database, key: &K, data: &D, flags: WriteFlags) -> Result<()>
-                     database: Database,
+    where
-                     key: &K,
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
-                     data: &D,
+        D: AsRef<[u8]>,
-                     flags: WriteFlags)
+    {
-                     -> Result<()>
-    where K: AsRef<[u8]>, D: AsRef<[u8]> {
         let key = key.as_ref();
         let data = data.as_ref();
-        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
+        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+            mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
-        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
+            mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                                                        mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+        };
-        unsafe {
+        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_put(self.txn(),
+            mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
-                                     database.dbi(),
+            mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                                     &mut key_val,
+        };
-                                     &mut data_val,
+        unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_put(self.txn(), database.dbi(), &mut key_val, &mut data_val, flags.bits())) }
-                                     flags.bits()))
-        }
     }
 
     /// Returns a buffer which can be used to write a value into the item at the
     /// given key and with the given length. The buffer must be completely
     /// filled by the caller.
-    pub fn reserve<'txn, K>(&'txn mut self,
+    pub fn reserve<'txn, K>(
+        &'txn mut self,
         database: Database,
         key: &K,
         len: size_t,
-                            flags: WriteFlags)
+        flags: WriteFlags,
-                            -> Result<&'txn mut [u8]>
+    ) -> Result<&'txn mut [u8]>
-    where K: AsRef<[u8]> {
+    where
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+    {
         let key = key.as_ref();
-        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
+        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+            mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
-        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: len,
+            mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                                                        mv_data: ptr::null_mut::<c_void>() };
+        };
+        let mut data_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
+            mv_size: len,
+            mv_data: ptr::null_mut::<c_void>(),
+        };
         unsafe {
-            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_put(self.txn(),
+            lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_put(
+                self.txn(),
                 database.dbi(),
                 &mut key_val,
                 &mut data_val,
-                        flags.bits() | ffi::MDB_RESERVE))?;
+                flags.bits() | ffi::MDB_RESERVE,
-            Ok(slice::from_raw_parts_mut(data_val.mv_data as *mut u8,
+            ))?;
-                                         data_val.mv_size as usize))
+            Ok(slice::from_raw_parts_mut(data_val.mv_data as *mut u8, data_val.mv_size as usize))
         }
     }
 
@@ -329,34 +362,24 @@ impl <'env> RwTransaction<'env> {
     /// `Some` only the matching data item will be deleted. This function will
     /// return `Error::NotFound` if the specified key/data pair is not in the
     /// database.
-    pub fn del<K>(&mut self,
+    pub fn del<K>(&mut self, database: Database, key: &K, data: Option<&[u8]>) -> Result<()>
-           database: Database,
+    where
-           key: &K,
+        K: AsRef<[u8]>,
-           data: Option<&[u8]>)
+    {
-           -> Result<()>
-    where K: AsRef<[u8]> {
         let key = key.as_ref();
-        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
+        let mut key_val: ffi::MDB_val = ffi::MDB_val {
-                                                       mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void };
+            mv_size: key.len() as size_t,
-        let data_val: Option<ffi::MDB_val> =
+            mv_data: key.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-            data.map(|data| ffi::MDB_val { mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
+        };
-                                           mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *mut c_void });
+        let data_val: Option<ffi::MDB_val> = data.map(|data| ffi::MDB_val {
+            mv_size: data.len() as size_t,
+            mv_data: data.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
+        });
 
         if let Some(mut d) = data_val {
-            unsafe {
+            unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_del(self.txn(), database.dbi(), &mut key_val, &mut d)) }
-                lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_del(self.txn(),
-                                         database.dbi(),
-                                         &mut key_val,
-                                         &mut d))
-
-            }
         } else {
-            unsafe {
+            unsafe { lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_del(self.txn(), database.dbi(), &mut key_val, ptr::null_mut())) }
-                lmdb_result(ffi::mdb_del(self.txn(),
-                                         database.dbi(),
-                                         &mut key_val,
-                                         ptr::null_mut()))
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -382,7 +405,10 @@ impl <'env> RwTransaction<'env> {
             let env: *mut ffi::MDB_env = ffi::mdb_txn_env(self.txn());
             ffi::mdb_txn_begin(env, self.txn(), 0, &mut nested);
         }
-        Ok(RwTransaction { txn: nested, _marker: PhantomData })
+        Ok(RwTransaction {
+            txn: nested,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -396,16 +422,21 @@ impl <'env> Transaction for RwTransaction<'env> {
 mod test {
 
     use std::io::Write;
-    use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
+    use std::sync::{
-    use std::thread::{self, JoinHandle};
+        Arc,
+        Barrier,
+    };
+    use std::thread::{
+        self,
+        JoinHandle,
+    };
 
     use tempdir::TempDir;
 
-    use environment::*;
-    use error::*;
-    use flags::*;
     use super::*;
     use cursor::Cursor;
+    use error::*;
+    use flags::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_put_get_del() {
@@ -453,7 +484,6 @@ mod test {
             let iter = cur.iter_dup_of(b"key1");
             let vals = iter.map(|x| x.unwrap()).map(|(_, x)| x).collect::<Vec<_>>();
             assert_eq!(vals, vec![b"val1", b"val2", b"val3"]);
-
         }
         txn.commit().unwrap();
 
@@ -475,7 +505,6 @@ mod test {
         txn.commit().unwrap();
     }
 
-
     #[test]
     fn test_reserve() {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
@@ -557,12 +586,10 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(txn.get(db, b"key"), Err(Error::NotFound));
     }
 
-
     #[test]
     fn test_drop_db() {
         let dir = TempDir::new("test").unwrap();
-        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(2)
+        let env = Environment::new().set_max_dbs(2).open(dir.path()).unwrap();
-                                        .open(dir.path()).unwrap();
         let db = env.create_db(Some("test"), DatabaseFlags::empty()).unwrap();
 
         {
@@ -572,7 +599,9 @@ mod test {
         }
         {
             let mut txn = env.begin_rw_txn().unwrap();
-            unsafe { txn.drop_db(db).unwrap(); }
+            unsafe {
+                txn.drop_db(db).unwrap();
+            }
             txn.commit().unwrap();
         }
 
@@ -638,11 +667,7 @@ mod test {
             threads.push(thread::spawn(move || {
                 let db = writer_env.open_db(None).unwrap();
                 let mut txn = writer_env.begin_rw_txn().unwrap();
-                txn.put(db,
+                txn.put(db, &format!("{}{}", key, i), &format!("{}{}", val, i), WriteFlags::empty()).unwrap();
-                        &format!("{}{}", key, i),
-                        &format!("{}{}", val, i),
-                        WriteFlags::empty())
-                    .unwrap();
                 txn.commit().is_ok()
             }));
         }
@@ -652,8 +677,7 @@ mod test {
         let txn = env.begin_ro_txn().unwrap();
 
         for i in 0..n {
-            assert_eq!(format!("{}{}", val, i).as_bytes(),
+            assert_eq!(format!("{}{}", val, i).as_bytes(), txn.get(db, &format!("{}{}", key, i)).unwrap());
-                       txn.get(db, &format!("{}{}", key, i)).unwrap());
         }
     }