rocksdb/db/column_family.h

//  Copyright (c) 2013, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
//  This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
//  LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
//  of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.

#pragma once

#include <unordered_map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <atomic>

#include "rocksdb/options.h"
#include "rocksdb/db.h"
#include "rocksdb/env.h"
#include "db/memtable_list.h"
#include "db/write_batch_internal.h"
#include "db/table_cache.h"
#include "util/thread_local.h"

namespace rocksdb {

class Version;
class VersionSet;
class MemTable;
class MemTableListVersion;
class CompactionPicker;
class Compaction;
class InternalKey;
class InternalStats;
class ColumnFamilyData;
class DBImpl;
class LogBuffer;

// ColumnFamilyHandleImpl is the class that clients use to access different
// column families. It has non-trivial destructor, which gets called when client
// is done using the column family
class ColumnFamilyHandleImpl : public ColumnFamilyHandle {
 public:
  // create while holding the mutex
  ColumnFamilyHandleImpl(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, DBImpl* db, port::Mutex* mutex);
  // destroy without mutex
  virtual ~ColumnFamilyHandleImpl();
  virtual ColumnFamilyData* cfd() const { return cfd_; }

  virtual uint32_t GetID() const;

 private:
  ColumnFamilyData* cfd_;
  DBImpl* db_;
  port::Mutex* mutex_;
};

// Does not ref-count ColumnFamilyData
// We use this dummy ColumnFamilyHandleImpl because sometimes MemTableInserter
// calls DBImpl methods. When this happens, MemTableInserter need access to
// ColumnFamilyHandle (same as the client would need). In that case, we feed
// MemTableInserter dummy ColumnFamilyHandle and enable it to call DBImpl
// methods
class ColumnFamilyHandleInternal : public ColumnFamilyHandleImpl {
 public:
  ColumnFamilyHandleInternal()
      : ColumnFamilyHandleImpl(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) {}

  void SetCFD(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) { internal_cfd_ = cfd; }
  virtual ColumnFamilyData* cfd() const override { return internal_cfd_; }

 private:
  ColumnFamilyData* internal_cfd_;
};

// holds references to memtable, all immutable memtables and version
struct SuperVersion {
  MemTable* mem;
  MemTableListVersion* imm;
  Version* current;
  std::atomic<uint32_t> refs;
  // We need to_delete because during Cleanup(), imm->Unref() returns
  // all memtables that we need to free through this vector. We then
  // delete all those memtables outside of mutex, during destruction
  autovector<MemTable*> to_delete;
  // Version number of the current SuperVersion
  uint64_t version_number;
  port::Mutex* db_mutex;

  // should be called outside the mutex
  SuperVersion() = default;
  ~SuperVersion();
  SuperVersion* Ref();

  bool Unref();

  // call these two methods with db mutex held
  // Cleanup unrefs mem, imm and current. Also, it stores all memtables
  // that needs to be deleted in to_delete vector. Unrefing those
  // objects needs to be done in the mutex
  void Cleanup();
  void Init(MemTable* new_mem, MemTableListVersion* new_imm,
            Version* new_current);

  // The value of dummy is not actually used. kSVInUse takes its address as a
  // mark in the thread local storage to indicate the SuperVersion is in use
  // by thread. This way, the value of kSVInUse is guaranteed to have no
  // conflict with SuperVersion object address and portable on different
  // platform.
  static int dummy;
  static void* const kSVInUse;
  static void* const kSVObsolete;
};

extern ColumnFamilyOptions SanitizeOptions(const InternalKeyComparator* icmp,
                                           const ColumnFamilyOptions& src);

class ColumnFamilySet;

// This class keeps all the data that a column family needs. It's mosly dumb and
// used just to provide access to metadata.
// Most methods require DB mutex held, unless otherwise noted
class ColumnFamilyData {
 public:
  ~ColumnFamilyData();

  // thread-safe
  uint32_t GetID() const { return id_; }
  // thread-safe
  const std::string& GetName() const { return name_; }

  void Ref() { ++refs_; }
  // will just decrease reference count to 0, but will not delete it. returns
  // true if the ref count was decreased to zero. in that case, it can be
  // deleted by the caller immediatelly, or later, by calling
  // FreeDeadColumnFamilies()
  bool Unref() {
    assert(refs_ > 0);
    return --refs_ == 0;
  }

  // This can only be called from single-threaded VersionSet::LogAndApply()
  // After dropping column family no other operation on that column family
  // will be executed. All the files and memory will be, however, kept around
  // until client drops the column family handle. That way, client can still
  // access data from dropped column family.
  // Column family can be dropped and still alive. In that state:
  // *) Column family is not included in the iteration.
  // *) Compaction and flush is not executed on the dropped column family.
  // *) Client can continue writing and reading from column family. However, all
  // writes stay in the current memtable.
  // When the dropped column family is unreferenced, then we:
  // *) delete all memory associated with that column family
  // *) delete all the files associated with that column family
  void SetDropped() {
    // can't drop default CF
    assert(id_ != 0);
    dropped_ = true;
  }
  bool IsDropped() const { return dropped_; }

  // thread-safe
  int NumberLevels() const { return options_.num_levels; }

  void SetLogNumber(uint64_t log_number) { log_number_ = log_number; }
  uint64_t GetLogNumber() const { return log_number_; }

  // TODO(ljin): make this API thread-safe once we allow updating options_
  const Options* options() const { return &options_; }
  // thread-safe
  const EnvOptions* soptions() const;
  const ImmutableCFOptions* ioptions() const { return &ioptions_; }

  InternalStats* internal_stats() { return internal_stats_.get(); }

  MemTableList* imm() { return &imm_; }
  MemTable* mem() { return mem_; }
  Version* current() { return current_; }
  Version* dummy_versions() { return dummy_versions_; }
  void SetMemtable(MemTable* new_mem) { mem_ = new_mem; }
  void SetCurrent(Version* current);
  void CreateNewMemtable();

  TableCache* table_cache() const { return table_cache_.get(); }

  // See documentation in compaction_picker.h
  Compaction* PickCompaction(LogBuffer* log_buffer);
  Compaction* CompactRange(int input_level, int output_level,
                           uint32_t output_path_id, const InternalKey* begin,
                           const InternalKey* end,
                           InternalKey** compaction_end);

  CompactionPicker* compaction_picker() { return compaction_picker_.get(); }
  // thread-safe
  const Comparator* user_comparator() const {
    return internal_comparator_.user_comparator();
  }
  // thread-safe
  const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator() const {
    return internal_comparator_;
  }

  SuperVersion* GetSuperVersion() { return super_version_; }
  // thread-safe
  // Return a already referenced SuperVersion to be used safely.
  SuperVersion* GetReferencedSuperVersion(port::Mutex* db_mutex);
  // thread-safe
  // Get SuperVersion stored in thread local storage. If it does not exist,
  // get a reference from a current SuperVersion.
  SuperVersion* GetThreadLocalSuperVersion(port::Mutex* db_mutex);
  // Try to return SuperVersion back to thread local storage. Retrun true on
  // success and false on failure. It fails when the thread local storage
  // contains anything other than SuperVersion::kSVInUse flag.
  bool ReturnThreadLocalSuperVersion(SuperVersion* sv);
  // thread-safe
  uint64_t GetSuperVersionNumber() const {
    return super_version_number_.load();
  }
  // will return a pointer to SuperVersion* if previous SuperVersion
  // if its reference count is zero and needs deletion or nullptr if not
  // As argument takes a pointer to allocated SuperVersion to enable
  // the clients to allocate SuperVersion outside of mutex.
  SuperVersion* InstallSuperVersion(SuperVersion* new_superversion,
                                    port::Mutex* db_mutex);

  void ResetThreadLocalSuperVersions();

  // A Flag indicating whether write needs to slowdown because of there are
  // too many number of level0 files.
  bool NeedSlowdownForNumLevel0Files() const {
    return need_slowdown_for_num_level0_files_;
  }

  bool NeedWaitForNumLevel0Files() const {
    return need_wait_for_num_level0_files_;
  }

  bool NeedWaitForNumMemtables() const {
    return need_wait_for_num_memtables_;
  }

  bool ExceedsSoftRateLimit() const {
    return exceeds_soft_rate_limit_;
  }

  bool ExceedsHardRateLimit() const {
    return exceeds_hard_rate_limit_;
  }

 private:
  friend class ColumnFamilySet;
  ColumnFamilyData(uint32_t id, const std::string& name,
                   Version* dummy_versions, Cache* table_cache,
                   const ColumnFamilyOptions& options,
                   const DBOptions* db_options,
                   const EnvOptions& env_options,
                   ColumnFamilySet* column_family_set);

  // Recalculate some small conditions, which are changed only during
  // compaction, adding new memtable and/or
  // recalculation of compaction score. These values are used in
  // DBImpl::MakeRoomForWrite function to decide, if it need to make
  // a write stall
  void RecalculateWriteStallConditions();
  void RecalculateWriteStallRateLimitsConditions();

  uint32_t id_;
  const std::string name_;
  Version* dummy_versions_;  // Head of circular doubly-linked list of versions.
  Version* current_;         // == dummy_versions->prev_

  int refs_;                   // outstanding references to ColumnFamilyData
  bool dropped_;               // true if client dropped it

  const InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator_;

  const Options options_;
  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions_;

  std::unique_ptr<TableCache> table_cache_;

  std::unique_ptr<InternalStats> internal_stats_;

  MemTable* mem_;
  MemTableList imm_;
  SuperVersion* super_version_;

  // An ordinal representing the current SuperVersion. Updated by
  // InstallSuperVersion(), i.e. incremented every time super_version_
  // changes.
  std::atomic<uint64_t> super_version_number_;

  // Thread's local copy of SuperVersion pointer
  // This needs to be destructed before mutex_
  std::unique_ptr<ThreadLocalPtr> local_sv_;

  // pointers for a circular linked list. we use it to support iterations
  // that can be concurrent with writes
  ColumnFamilyData* next_;
  ColumnFamilyData* prev_;

  // This is the earliest log file number that contains data from this
  // Column Family. All earlier log files must be ignored and not
  // recovered from
  uint64_t log_number_;

  // A flag indicating whether we should delay writes because
  // we have too many level 0 files
  bool need_slowdown_for_num_level0_files_;

  // These 4 variables are updated only after compaction,
  // adding new memtable, flushing memtables to files
  // and/or add recalculation of compaction score.
  // That's why theirs values are cached in ColumnFamilyData.
  // Recalculation is made by RecalculateWriteStallConditions and
  // RecalculateWriteStallRateLimitsConditions function. They are used
  // in DBImpl::MakeRoomForWrite function to decide, if it need
  // to sleep during write operation
  bool need_wait_for_num_memtables_;

  bool need_wait_for_num_level0_files_;

  bool exceeds_hard_rate_limit_;

  bool exceeds_soft_rate_limit_;

  // An object that keeps all the compaction stats
  // and picks the next compaction
  std::unique_ptr<CompactionPicker> compaction_picker_;

  ColumnFamilySet* column_family_set_;
};

// ColumnFamilySet has interesting thread-safety requirements
// * CreateColumnFamily() or RemoveColumnFamily() -- need to protect by DB
// mutex. Inside, column_family_data_ and column_families_ will be protected
// by Lock() and Unlock(). CreateColumnFamily() should ONLY be called from
// VersionSet::LogAndApply() in the normal runtime. It is also called
// during Recovery and in DumpManifest(). RemoveColumnFamily() is called
// from ColumnFamilyData destructor
// * Iteration -- hold DB mutex, but you can release it in the body of
// iteration. If you release DB mutex in body, reference the column
// family before the mutex and unreference after you unlock, since the column
// family might get dropped when the DB mutex is released
// * GetDefault() -- thread safe
// * GetColumnFamily() -- either inside of DB mutex or call Lock() <-> Unlock()
// * GetNextColumnFamilyID(), GetMaxColumnFamily(), UpdateMaxColumnFamily(),
// NumberOfColumnFamilies -- inside of DB mutex
class ColumnFamilySet {
 public:
  // ColumnFamilySet supports iteration
  class iterator {
   public:
    explicit iterator(ColumnFamilyData* cfd)
        : current_(cfd) {}
    iterator& operator++() {
      // dummy is never dead or dropped, so this will never be infinite
      do {
        current_ = current_->next_;
      } while (current_->refs_ == 0 || current_->IsDropped());
      return *this;
    }
    bool operator!=(const iterator& other) {
      return this->current_ != other.current_;
    }
    ColumnFamilyData* operator*() { return current_; }

   private:
    ColumnFamilyData* current_;
  };

  ColumnFamilySet(const std::string& dbname, const DBOptions* db_options,
                  const EnvOptions& env_options, Cache* table_cache);
  ~ColumnFamilySet();

  ColumnFamilyData* GetDefault() const;
  // GetColumnFamily() calls return nullptr if column family is not found
  ColumnFamilyData* GetColumnFamily(uint32_t id) const;
  ColumnFamilyData* GetColumnFamily(const std::string& name) const;
  // this call will return the next available column family ID. it guarantees
  // that there is no column family with id greater than or equal to the
  // returned value in the current running instance or anytime in RocksDB
  // instance history.
  uint32_t GetNextColumnFamilyID();
  uint32_t GetMaxColumnFamily();
  void UpdateMaxColumnFamily(uint32_t new_max_column_family);
  size_t NumberOfColumnFamilies() const;

  ColumnFamilyData* CreateColumnFamily(const std::string& name, uint32_t id,
                                       Version* dummy_version,
                                       const ColumnFamilyOptions& options);

  iterator begin() { return iterator(dummy_cfd_->next_); }
  iterator end() { return iterator(dummy_cfd_); }

  void Lock();
  void Unlock();

  // REQUIRES: DB mutex held
  // Don't call while iterating over ColumnFamilySet
  void FreeDeadColumnFamilies();

 private:
  friend class ColumnFamilyData;
  // helper function that gets called from cfd destructor
  // REQUIRES: DB mutex held
  void RemoveColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);

  // column_families_ and column_family_data_ need to be protected:
  // * when mutating: 1. DB mutex locked first, 2. spinlock locked second
  // * when reading, either: 1. lock DB mutex, or 2. lock spinlock
  //  (if both, respect the ordering to avoid deadlock!)
  std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> column_families_;
  std::unordered_map<uint32_t, ColumnFamilyData*> column_family_data_;

  uint32_t max_column_family_;
  ColumnFamilyData* dummy_cfd_;
  // We don't hold the refcount here, since default column family always exists
  // We are also not responsible for cleaning up default_cfd_cache_. This is
  // just a cache that makes common case (accessing default column family)
  // faster
  ColumnFamilyData* default_cfd_cache_;

  const std::string db_name_;
  const DBOptions* const db_options_;
  const EnvOptions env_options_;
  Cache* table_cache_;
  std::atomic_flag spin_lock_;
};

// We use ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl to provide WriteBatch a way to access
// memtables of different column families (specified by ID in the write batch)
class ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl : public ColumnFamilyMemTables {
 public:
  explicit ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl(ColumnFamilySet* column_family_set)
      : column_family_set_(column_family_set), current_(nullptr) {}

  // sets current_ to ColumnFamilyData with column_family_id
  // returns false if column family doesn't exist
  bool Seek(uint32_t column_family_id) override;

  // Returns log number of the selected column family
  uint64_t GetLogNumber() const override;

  // REQUIRES: Seek() called first
  virtual MemTable* GetMemTable() const override;

  // Returns options for selected column family
  // REQUIRES: Seek() called first
  virtual const Options* GetOptions() const override;

  // Returns column family handle for the selected column family
  virtual ColumnFamilyHandle* GetColumnFamilyHandle() override;

 private:
  ColumnFamilySet* column_family_set_;
  ColumnFamilyData* current_;
  ColumnFamilyHandleInternal handle_;
};

extern uint32_t GetColumnFamilyID(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family);

}  // namespace rocksdb