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rocksdb/cache/sharded_cache.cc

101 lines
3.0 KiB

// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include "cache/sharded_cache.h"
New Cache API for gathering statistics (#8225) Summary: Adds a new Cache::ApplyToAllEntries API that we expect to use (in follow-up PRs) for efficiently gathering block cache statistics. Notable features vs. old ApplyToAllCacheEntries: * Includes key and deleter (in addition to value and charge). We could have passed in a Handle but then more virtual function calls would be needed to get the "fields" of each entry. We expect to use the 'deleter' to identify the origin of entries, perhaps even more. * Heavily tuned to minimize latency impact on operating cache. It does this by iterating over small sections of each cache shard while cycling through the shards. * Supports tuning roughly how many entries to operate on for each lock acquire and release, to control the impact on the latency of other operations without excessive lock acquire & release. The right balance can depend on the cost of the callback. Good default seems to be around 256. * There should be no need to disable thread safety. (I would expect uncontended locks to be sufficiently fast.) I have enhanced cache_bench to validate this approach: * Reports a histogram of ns per operation, so we can look at the ditribution of times, not just throughput (average). * Can add a thread for simulated "gather stats" which calls ApplyToAllEntries at a specified interval. We also generate a histogram of time to run ApplyToAllEntries. To make the iteration over some entries of each shard work as cleanly as possible, even with resize between next set of entries, I have re-arranged which hash bits are used for sharding and which for indexing within a shard. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8225 Test Plan: A couple of unit tests are added, but primary validation is manual, as the primary risk is to performance. The primary validation is using cache_bench to ensure that neither the minor hashing changes nor the simulated stats gathering significantly impact QPS or latency distribution. Note that adding op latency histogram seriously impacts the benchmark QPS, so for a fair baseline, we need the cache_bench changes (except remove simulated stat gathering to make it compile). In short, we don't see any reproducible difference in ops/sec or op latency unless we are gathering stats nearly continuously. Test uses 10GB block cache with 8KB values to be somewhat realistic in the number of items to iterate over. Baseline typical output: ``` Complete in 92.017 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869401 Thread ops/sec = 54662 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11223.9494 StdDev: 29.61 Min: 0 Median: 7759.3973 Max: 9620500 Percentiles: P50: 7759.40 P75: 14190.73 P99: 46922.75 P99.9: 77509.84 P99.99: 217030.58 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 68 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 89 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 33630240 42.038% 42.038% ######## ( 6600, 9900 ] 18129842 22.662% 64.700% ##### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7877533 9.847% 74.547% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15193238 18.992% 93.539% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3037061 3.796% 97.335% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1626316 2.033% 99.368% ( 50000, 75000 ] 421532 0.527% 99.895% ( 75000, 110000 ] 56910 0.071% 99.966% ( 110000, 170000 ] 16134 0.020% 99.986% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5166 0.006% 99.993% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3017 0.004% 99.996% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1337 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 805 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 319 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 231 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 100 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 39 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 16 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=false. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 92.030 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869285 Thread ops/sec = 54458 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11298.1027 StdDev: 42.18 Min: 0 Median: 7722.0822 Max: 6398720 Percentiles: P50: 7722.08 P75: 14294.68 P99: 47522.95 P99.9: 85292.16 P99.99: 228077.78 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 109 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 793 0.001% 0.001% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34054563 42.568% 42.569% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 17482646 21.853% 64.423% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7908180 9.885% 74.308% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15032072 18.790% 93.098% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3237834 4.047% 97.145% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1736882 2.171% 99.316% ( 50000, 75000 ] 446851 0.559% 99.875% ( 75000, 110000 ] 68251 0.085% 99.960% ( 110000, 170000 ] 18592 0.023% 99.983% ( 170000, 250000 ] 7200 0.009% 99.992% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3334 0.004% 99.997% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1393 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 700 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 293 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 196 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 69 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 32 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 10 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=true, 1 second delay between scans. Scans take about 1 second here so it's spending about 50% time scanning. Still the effect on ops/sec and latency seems to be in the noise. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 91.890 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 870608 Thread ops/sec = 54551 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11311.2629 StdDev: 45.28 Min: 0 Median: 7686.5458 Max: 10018340 Percentiles: P50: 7686.55 P75: 14481.95 P99: 47232.60 P99.9: 79230.18 P99.99: 232998.86 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 71 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 291 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34492060 43.115% 43.116% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 16727328 20.909% 64.025% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7845828 9.807% 73.832% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15510654 19.388% 93.220% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3216533 4.021% 97.241% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1680859 2.101% 99.342% ( 50000, 75000 ] 439059 0.549% 99.891% ( 75000, 110000 ] 60540 0.076% 99.967% ( 110000, 170000 ] 14649 0.018% 99.985% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5242 0.007% 99.991% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3260 0.004% 99.995% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1599 0.002% 99.997% ( 570000, 860000 ] 1043 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 471 0.001% 99.999% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 275 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 143 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 60 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 27 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ( 9800000, 14000000 ] 1 0.000% 100.000% Gather stats latency (us): Count: 46 Average: 980387.5870 StdDev: 60911.18 Min: 879155 Median: 1033777.7778 Max: 1261431 Percentiles: P50: 1033777.78 P75: 1120666.67 P99: 1261431.00 P99.9: 1261431.00 P99.99: 1261431.00 ------------------------------------------------------ ( 860000, 1200000 ] 45 97.826% 97.826% #################### ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 1 2.174% 100.000% Most recent cache entry stats: Number of entries: 1295133 Total charge: 9.88 GB Average key size: 23.4982 Average charge: 8.00 KB Unique deleters: 3 ``` Reviewed By: mrambacher Differential Revision: D28295742 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: bbc4a552f91ba0fe10e5cc025c42cef5a81f2b95
3 years ago
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
New Cache API for gathering statistics (#8225) Summary: Adds a new Cache::ApplyToAllEntries API that we expect to use (in follow-up PRs) for efficiently gathering block cache statistics. Notable features vs. old ApplyToAllCacheEntries: * Includes key and deleter (in addition to value and charge). We could have passed in a Handle but then more virtual function calls would be needed to get the "fields" of each entry. We expect to use the 'deleter' to identify the origin of entries, perhaps even more. * Heavily tuned to minimize latency impact on operating cache. It does this by iterating over small sections of each cache shard while cycling through the shards. * Supports tuning roughly how many entries to operate on for each lock acquire and release, to control the impact on the latency of other operations without excessive lock acquire & release. The right balance can depend on the cost of the callback. Good default seems to be around 256. * There should be no need to disable thread safety. (I would expect uncontended locks to be sufficiently fast.) I have enhanced cache_bench to validate this approach: * Reports a histogram of ns per operation, so we can look at the ditribution of times, not just throughput (average). * Can add a thread for simulated "gather stats" which calls ApplyToAllEntries at a specified interval. We also generate a histogram of time to run ApplyToAllEntries. To make the iteration over some entries of each shard work as cleanly as possible, even with resize between next set of entries, I have re-arranged which hash bits are used for sharding and which for indexing within a shard. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8225 Test Plan: A couple of unit tests are added, but primary validation is manual, as the primary risk is to performance. The primary validation is using cache_bench to ensure that neither the minor hashing changes nor the simulated stats gathering significantly impact QPS or latency distribution. Note that adding op latency histogram seriously impacts the benchmark QPS, so for a fair baseline, we need the cache_bench changes (except remove simulated stat gathering to make it compile). In short, we don't see any reproducible difference in ops/sec or op latency unless we are gathering stats nearly continuously. Test uses 10GB block cache with 8KB values to be somewhat realistic in the number of items to iterate over. Baseline typical output: ``` Complete in 92.017 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869401 Thread ops/sec = 54662 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11223.9494 StdDev: 29.61 Min: 0 Median: 7759.3973 Max: 9620500 Percentiles: P50: 7759.40 P75: 14190.73 P99: 46922.75 P99.9: 77509.84 P99.99: 217030.58 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 68 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 89 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 33630240 42.038% 42.038% ######## ( 6600, 9900 ] 18129842 22.662% 64.700% ##### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7877533 9.847% 74.547% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15193238 18.992% 93.539% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3037061 3.796% 97.335% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1626316 2.033% 99.368% ( 50000, 75000 ] 421532 0.527% 99.895% ( 75000, 110000 ] 56910 0.071% 99.966% ( 110000, 170000 ] 16134 0.020% 99.986% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5166 0.006% 99.993% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3017 0.004% 99.996% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1337 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 805 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 319 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 231 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 100 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 39 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 16 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=false. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 92.030 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869285 Thread ops/sec = 54458 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11298.1027 StdDev: 42.18 Min: 0 Median: 7722.0822 Max: 6398720 Percentiles: P50: 7722.08 P75: 14294.68 P99: 47522.95 P99.9: 85292.16 P99.99: 228077.78 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 109 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 793 0.001% 0.001% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34054563 42.568% 42.569% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 17482646 21.853% 64.423% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7908180 9.885% 74.308% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15032072 18.790% 93.098% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3237834 4.047% 97.145% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1736882 2.171% 99.316% ( 50000, 75000 ] 446851 0.559% 99.875% ( 75000, 110000 ] 68251 0.085% 99.960% ( 110000, 170000 ] 18592 0.023% 99.983% ( 170000, 250000 ] 7200 0.009% 99.992% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3334 0.004% 99.997% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1393 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 700 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 293 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 196 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 69 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 32 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 10 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=true, 1 second delay between scans. Scans take about 1 second here so it's spending about 50% time scanning. Still the effect on ops/sec and latency seems to be in the noise. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 91.890 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 870608 Thread ops/sec = 54551 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11311.2629 StdDev: 45.28 Min: 0 Median: 7686.5458 Max: 10018340 Percentiles: P50: 7686.55 P75: 14481.95 P99: 47232.60 P99.9: 79230.18 P99.99: 232998.86 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 71 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 291 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34492060 43.115% 43.116% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 16727328 20.909% 64.025% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7845828 9.807% 73.832% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15510654 19.388% 93.220% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3216533 4.021% 97.241% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1680859 2.101% 99.342% ( 50000, 75000 ] 439059 0.549% 99.891% ( 75000, 110000 ] 60540 0.076% 99.967% ( 110000, 170000 ] 14649 0.018% 99.985% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5242 0.007% 99.991% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3260 0.004% 99.995% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1599 0.002% 99.997% ( 570000, 860000 ] 1043 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 471 0.001% 99.999% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 275 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 143 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 60 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 27 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ( 9800000, 14000000 ] 1 0.000% 100.000% Gather stats latency (us): Count: 46 Average: 980387.5870 StdDev: 60911.18 Min: 879155 Median: 1033777.7778 Max: 1261431 Percentiles: P50: 1033777.78 P75: 1120666.67 P99: 1261431.00 P99.9: 1261431.00 P99.99: 1261431.00 ------------------------------------------------------ ( 860000, 1200000 ] 45 97.826% 97.826% #################### ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 1 2.174% 100.000% Most recent cache entry stats: Number of entries: 1295133 Total charge: 9.88 GB Average key size: 23.4982 Average charge: 8.00 KB Unique deleters: 3 ``` Reviewed By: mrambacher Differential Revision: D28295742 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: bbc4a552f91ba0fe10e5cc025c42cef5a81f2b95
3 years ago
#include "util/hash.h"
#include "util/math.h"
#include "util/mutexlock.h"
namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
ShardedCacheBase::ShardedCacheBase(size_t capacity, int num_shard_bits,
bool strict_capacity_limit,
std::shared_ptr<MemoryAllocator> allocator)
: Cache(std::move(allocator)),
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
last_id_(1),
New Cache API for gathering statistics (#8225) Summary: Adds a new Cache::ApplyToAllEntries API that we expect to use (in follow-up PRs) for efficiently gathering block cache statistics. Notable features vs. old ApplyToAllCacheEntries: * Includes key and deleter (in addition to value and charge). We could have passed in a Handle but then more virtual function calls would be needed to get the "fields" of each entry. We expect to use the 'deleter' to identify the origin of entries, perhaps even more. * Heavily tuned to minimize latency impact on operating cache. It does this by iterating over small sections of each cache shard while cycling through the shards. * Supports tuning roughly how many entries to operate on for each lock acquire and release, to control the impact on the latency of other operations without excessive lock acquire & release. The right balance can depend on the cost of the callback. Good default seems to be around 256. * There should be no need to disable thread safety. (I would expect uncontended locks to be sufficiently fast.) I have enhanced cache_bench to validate this approach: * Reports a histogram of ns per operation, so we can look at the ditribution of times, not just throughput (average). * Can add a thread for simulated "gather stats" which calls ApplyToAllEntries at a specified interval. We also generate a histogram of time to run ApplyToAllEntries. To make the iteration over some entries of each shard work as cleanly as possible, even with resize between next set of entries, I have re-arranged which hash bits are used for sharding and which for indexing within a shard. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8225 Test Plan: A couple of unit tests are added, but primary validation is manual, as the primary risk is to performance. The primary validation is using cache_bench to ensure that neither the minor hashing changes nor the simulated stats gathering significantly impact QPS or latency distribution. Note that adding op latency histogram seriously impacts the benchmark QPS, so for a fair baseline, we need the cache_bench changes (except remove simulated stat gathering to make it compile). In short, we don't see any reproducible difference in ops/sec or op latency unless we are gathering stats nearly continuously. Test uses 10GB block cache with 8KB values to be somewhat realistic in the number of items to iterate over. Baseline typical output: ``` Complete in 92.017 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869401 Thread ops/sec = 54662 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11223.9494 StdDev: 29.61 Min: 0 Median: 7759.3973 Max: 9620500 Percentiles: P50: 7759.40 P75: 14190.73 P99: 46922.75 P99.9: 77509.84 P99.99: 217030.58 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 68 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 89 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 33630240 42.038% 42.038% ######## ( 6600, 9900 ] 18129842 22.662% 64.700% ##### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7877533 9.847% 74.547% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15193238 18.992% 93.539% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3037061 3.796% 97.335% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1626316 2.033% 99.368% ( 50000, 75000 ] 421532 0.527% 99.895% ( 75000, 110000 ] 56910 0.071% 99.966% ( 110000, 170000 ] 16134 0.020% 99.986% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5166 0.006% 99.993% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3017 0.004% 99.996% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1337 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 805 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 319 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 231 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 100 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 39 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 16 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=false. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 92.030 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869285 Thread ops/sec = 54458 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11298.1027 StdDev: 42.18 Min: 0 Median: 7722.0822 Max: 6398720 Percentiles: P50: 7722.08 P75: 14294.68 P99: 47522.95 P99.9: 85292.16 P99.99: 228077.78 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 109 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 793 0.001% 0.001% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34054563 42.568% 42.569% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 17482646 21.853% 64.423% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7908180 9.885% 74.308% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15032072 18.790% 93.098% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3237834 4.047% 97.145% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1736882 2.171% 99.316% ( 50000, 75000 ] 446851 0.559% 99.875% ( 75000, 110000 ] 68251 0.085% 99.960% ( 110000, 170000 ] 18592 0.023% 99.983% ( 170000, 250000 ] 7200 0.009% 99.992% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3334 0.004% 99.997% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1393 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 700 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 293 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 196 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 69 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 32 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 10 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=true, 1 second delay between scans. Scans take about 1 second here so it's spending about 50% time scanning. Still the effect on ops/sec and latency seems to be in the noise. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 91.890 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 870608 Thread ops/sec = 54551 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11311.2629 StdDev: 45.28 Min: 0 Median: 7686.5458 Max: 10018340 Percentiles: P50: 7686.55 P75: 14481.95 P99: 47232.60 P99.9: 79230.18 P99.99: 232998.86 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 71 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 291 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34492060 43.115% 43.116% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 16727328 20.909% 64.025% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7845828 9.807% 73.832% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15510654 19.388% 93.220% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3216533 4.021% 97.241% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1680859 2.101% 99.342% ( 50000, 75000 ] 439059 0.549% 99.891% ( 75000, 110000 ] 60540 0.076% 99.967% ( 110000, 170000 ] 14649 0.018% 99.985% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5242 0.007% 99.991% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3260 0.004% 99.995% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1599 0.002% 99.997% ( 570000, 860000 ] 1043 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 471 0.001% 99.999% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 275 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 143 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 60 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 27 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ( 9800000, 14000000 ] 1 0.000% 100.000% Gather stats latency (us): Count: 46 Average: 980387.5870 StdDev: 60911.18 Min: 879155 Median: 1033777.7778 Max: 1261431 Percentiles: P50: 1033777.78 P75: 1120666.67 P99: 1261431.00 P99.9: 1261431.00 P99.99: 1261431.00 ------------------------------------------------------ ( 860000, 1200000 ] 45 97.826% 97.826% #################### ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 1 2.174% 100.000% Most recent cache entry stats: Number of entries: 1295133 Total charge: 9.88 GB Average key size: 23.4982 Average charge: 8.00 KB Unique deleters: 3 ``` Reviewed By: mrambacher Differential Revision: D28295742 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: bbc4a552f91ba0fe10e5cc025c42cef5a81f2b95
3 years ago
shard_mask_((uint32_t{1} << num_shard_bits) - 1),
strict_capacity_limit_(strict_capacity_limit),
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
capacity_(capacity) {}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
size_t ShardedCacheBase::ComputePerShardCapacity(size_t capacity) const {
New Cache API for gathering statistics (#8225) Summary: Adds a new Cache::ApplyToAllEntries API that we expect to use (in follow-up PRs) for efficiently gathering block cache statistics. Notable features vs. old ApplyToAllCacheEntries: * Includes key and deleter (in addition to value and charge). We could have passed in a Handle but then more virtual function calls would be needed to get the "fields" of each entry. We expect to use the 'deleter' to identify the origin of entries, perhaps even more. * Heavily tuned to minimize latency impact on operating cache. It does this by iterating over small sections of each cache shard while cycling through the shards. * Supports tuning roughly how many entries to operate on for each lock acquire and release, to control the impact on the latency of other operations without excessive lock acquire & release. The right balance can depend on the cost of the callback. Good default seems to be around 256. * There should be no need to disable thread safety. (I would expect uncontended locks to be sufficiently fast.) I have enhanced cache_bench to validate this approach: * Reports a histogram of ns per operation, so we can look at the ditribution of times, not just throughput (average). * Can add a thread for simulated "gather stats" which calls ApplyToAllEntries at a specified interval. We also generate a histogram of time to run ApplyToAllEntries. To make the iteration over some entries of each shard work as cleanly as possible, even with resize between next set of entries, I have re-arranged which hash bits are used for sharding and which for indexing within a shard. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8225 Test Plan: A couple of unit tests are added, but primary validation is manual, as the primary risk is to performance. The primary validation is using cache_bench to ensure that neither the minor hashing changes nor the simulated stats gathering significantly impact QPS or latency distribution. Note that adding op latency histogram seriously impacts the benchmark QPS, so for a fair baseline, we need the cache_bench changes (except remove simulated stat gathering to make it compile). In short, we don't see any reproducible difference in ops/sec or op latency unless we are gathering stats nearly continuously. Test uses 10GB block cache with 8KB values to be somewhat realistic in the number of items to iterate over. Baseline typical output: ``` Complete in 92.017 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869401 Thread ops/sec = 54662 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11223.9494 StdDev: 29.61 Min: 0 Median: 7759.3973 Max: 9620500 Percentiles: P50: 7759.40 P75: 14190.73 P99: 46922.75 P99.9: 77509.84 P99.99: 217030.58 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 68 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 89 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 33630240 42.038% 42.038% ######## ( 6600, 9900 ] 18129842 22.662% 64.700% ##### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7877533 9.847% 74.547% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15193238 18.992% 93.539% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3037061 3.796% 97.335% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1626316 2.033% 99.368% ( 50000, 75000 ] 421532 0.527% 99.895% ( 75000, 110000 ] 56910 0.071% 99.966% ( 110000, 170000 ] 16134 0.020% 99.986% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5166 0.006% 99.993% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3017 0.004% 99.996% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1337 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 805 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 319 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 231 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 100 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 39 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 16 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=false. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 92.030 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869285 Thread ops/sec = 54458 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11298.1027 StdDev: 42.18 Min: 0 Median: 7722.0822 Max: 6398720 Percentiles: P50: 7722.08 P75: 14294.68 P99: 47522.95 P99.9: 85292.16 P99.99: 228077.78 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 109 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 793 0.001% 0.001% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34054563 42.568% 42.569% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 17482646 21.853% 64.423% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7908180 9.885% 74.308% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15032072 18.790% 93.098% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3237834 4.047% 97.145% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1736882 2.171% 99.316% ( 50000, 75000 ] 446851 0.559% 99.875% ( 75000, 110000 ] 68251 0.085% 99.960% ( 110000, 170000 ] 18592 0.023% 99.983% ( 170000, 250000 ] 7200 0.009% 99.992% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3334 0.004% 99.997% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1393 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 700 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 293 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 196 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 69 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 32 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 10 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=true, 1 second delay between scans. Scans take about 1 second here so it's spending about 50% time scanning. Still the effect on ops/sec and latency seems to be in the noise. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 91.890 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 870608 Thread ops/sec = 54551 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11311.2629 StdDev: 45.28 Min: 0 Median: 7686.5458 Max: 10018340 Percentiles: P50: 7686.55 P75: 14481.95 P99: 47232.60 P99.9: 79230.18 P99.99: 232998.86 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 71 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 291 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34492060 43.115% 43.116% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 16727328 20.909% 64.025% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7845828 9.807% 73.832% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15510654 19.388% 93.220% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3216533 4.021% 97.241% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1680859 2.101% 99.342% ( 50000, 75000 ] 439059 0.549% 99.891% ( 75000, 110000 ] 60540 0.076% 99.967% ( 110000, 170000 ] 14649 0.018% 99.985% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5242 0.007% 99.991% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3260 0.004% 99.995% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1599 0.002% 99.997% ( 570000, 860000 ] 1043 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 471 0.001% 99.999% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 275 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 143 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 60 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 27 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ( 9800000, 14000000 ] 1 0.000% 100.000% Gather stats latency (us): Count: 46 Average: 980387.5870 StdDev: 60911.18 Min: 879155 Median: 1033777.7778 Max: 1261431 Percentiles: P50: 1033777.78 P75: 1120666.67 P99: 1261431.00 P99.9: 1261431.00 P99.99: 1261431.00 ------------------------------------------------------ ( 860000, 1200000 ] 45 97.826% 97.826% #################### ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 1 2.174% 100.000% Most recent cache entry stats: Number of entries: 1295133 Total charge: 9.88 GB Average key size: 23.4982 Average charge: 8.00 KB Unique deleters: 3 ``` Reviewed By: mrambacher Differential Revision: D28295742 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: bbc4a552f91ba0fe10e5cc025c42cef5a81f2b95
3 years ago
uint32_t num_shards = GetNumShards();
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
return (capacity + (num_shards - 1)) / num_shards;
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
size_t ShardedCacheBase::GetPerShardCapacity() const {
return ComputePerShardCapacity(GetCapacity());
Initial support for secondary cache in LRUCache (#8271) Summary: Defined the abstract interface for a secondary cache in include/rocksdb/secondary_cache.h, and updated LRUCacheOptions to take a std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>. An item is initially inserted into the LRU (primary) cache. When it ages out and evicted from memory, its inserted into the secondary cache. On a LRU cache miss and successful lookup in the secondary cache, the item is promoted to the LRU cache. Only support synchronous lookup currently. The secondary cache would be used to implement a persistent (flash cache) or compressed cache. Tests: Results from cache_bench and db_bench don't show any regression due to these changes. cache_bench results before and after this change - Command ```./cache_bench -ops_per_thread=10000000 -threads=1``` Before ```Complete in 40.688 s; QPS = 245774``` ```Complete in 40.486 s; QPS = 246996``` ```Complete in 42.019 s; QPS = 237989``` After ```Complete in 40.672 s; QPS = 245869``` ```Complete in 44.622 s; QPS = 224107``` ```Complete in 42.445 s; QPS = 235599``` db_bench results before this change, and with this change + https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/8213 and https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/8191 - Commands ```./db_bench --benchmarks="fillseq,compact" -num=30000000 -key_size=32 -value_size=256 -use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction=true -db=/home/anand76/nvm_cache/db -partition_index_and_filters=true``` ```./db_bench -db=/home/anand76/nvm_cache/db -use_existing_db=true -benchmarks=readrandom -num=30000000 -key_size=32 -value_size=256 -use_direct_reads=true -cache_size=1073741824 -cache_numshardbits=6 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=true -read_random_exp_range=17 -statistics -partition_index_and_filters=true -threads=16 -duration=300``` Before ``` DB path: [/home/anand76/nvm_cache/db] readrandom : 80.702 micros/op 198104 ops/sec; 54.4 MB/s (3708999 of 3708999 found) ``` ``` DB path: [/home/anand76/nvm_cache/db] readrandom : 87.124 micros/op 183625 ops/sec; 50.4 MB/s (3439999 of 3439999 found) ``` After ``` DB path: [/home/anand76/nvm_cache/db] readrandom : 77.653 micros/op 206025 ops/sec; 56.6 MB/s (3866999 of 3866999 found) ``` ``` DB path: [/home/anand76/nvm_cache/db] readrandom : 84.962 micros/op 188299 ops/sec; 51.7 MB/s (3535999 of 3535999 found) ``` Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8271 Reviewed By: zhichao-cao Differential Revision: D28357511 Pulled By: anand1976 fbshipit-source-id: d1cfa236f00e649a18c53328be10a8062a4b6da2
3 years ago
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
uint64_t ShardedCacheBase::NewId() {
return last_id_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
size_t ShardedCacheBase::GetCapacity() const {
MutexLock l(&config_mutex_);
return capacity_;
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
bool ShardedCacheBase::HasStrictCapacityLimit() const {
MutexLock l(&config_mutex_);
return strict_capacity_limit_;
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
size_t ShardedCacheBase::GetUsage(Handle* handle) const {
return GetCharge(handle);
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
std::string ShardedCacheBase::GetPrintableOptions() const {
std::string ret;
ret.reserve(20000);
const int kBufferSize = 200;
char buffer[kBufferSize];
{
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
MutexLock l(&config_mutex_);
snprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, " capacity : %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt "\n",
capacity_);
ret.append(buffer);
New Cache API for gathering statistics (#8225) Summary: Adds a new Cache::ApplyToAllEntries API that we expect to use (in follow-up PRs) for efficiently gathering block cache statistics. Notable features vs. old ApplyToAllCacheEntries: * Includes key and deleter (in addition to value and charge). We could have passed in a Handle but then more virtual function calls would be needed to get the "fields" of each entry. We expect to use the 'deleter' to identify the origin of entries, perhaps even more. * Heavily tuned to minimize latency impact on operating cache. It does this by iterating over small sections of each cache shard while cycling through the shards. * Supports tuning roughly how many entries to operate on for each lock acquire and release, to control the impact on the latency of other operations without excessive lock acquire & release. The right balance can depend on the cost of the callback. Good default seems to be around 256. * There should be no need to disable thread safety. (I would expect uncontended locks to be sufficiently fast.) I have enhanced cache_bench to validate this approach: * Reports a histogram of ns per operation, so we can look at the ditribution of times, not just throughput (average). * Can add a thread for simulated "gather stats" which calls ApplyToAllEntries at a specified interval. We also generate a histogram of time to run ApplyToAllEntries. To make the iteration over some entries of each shard work as cleanly as possible, even with resize between next set of entries, I have re-arranged which hash bits are used for sharding and which for indexing within a shard. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8225 Test Plan: A couple of unit tests are added, but primary validation is manual, as the primary risk is to performance. The primary validation is using cache_bench to ensure that neither the minor hashing changes nor the simulated stats gathering significantly impact QPS or latency distribution. Note that adding op latency histogram seriously impacts the benchmark QPS, so for a fair baseline, we need the cache_bench changes (except remove simulated stat gathering to make it compile). In short, we don't see any reproducible difference in ops/sec or op latency unless we are gathering stats nearly continuously. Test uses 10GB block cache with 8KB values to be somewhat realistic in the number of items to iterate over. Baseline typical output: ``` Complete in 92.017 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869401 Thread ops/sec = 54662 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11223.9494 StdDev: 29.61 Min: 0 Median: 7759.3973 Max: 9620500 Percentiles: P50: 7759.40 P75: 14190.73 P99: 46922.75 P99.9: 77509.84 P99.99: 217030.58 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 68 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 89 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 33630240 42.038% 42.038% ######## ( 6600, 9900 ] 18129842 22.662% 64.700% ##### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7877533 9.847% 74.547% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15193238 18.992% 93.539% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3037061 3.796% 97.335% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1626316 2.033% 99.368% ( 50000, 75000 ] 421532 0.527% 99.895% ( 75000, 110000 ] 56910 0.071% 99.966% ( 110000, 170000 ] 16134 0.020% 99.986% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5166 0.006% 99.993% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3017 0.004% 99.996% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1337 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 805 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 319 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 231 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 100 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 39 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 16 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=false. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 92.030 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 869285 Thread ops/sec = 54458 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11298.1027 StdDev: 42.18 Min: 0 Median: 7722.0822 Max: 6398720 Percentiles: P50: 7722.08 P75: 14294.68 P99: 47522.95 P99.9: 85292.16 P99.99: 228077.78 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 109 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 793 0.001% 0.001% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34054563 42.568% 42.569% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 17482646 21.853% 64.423% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7908180 9.885% 74.308% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15032072 18.790% 93.098% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3237834 4.047% 97.145% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1736882 2.171% 99.316% ( 50000, 75000 ] 446851 0.559% 99.875% ( 75000, 110000 ] 68251 0.085% 99.960% ( 110000, 170000 ] 18592 0.023% 99.983% ( 170000, 250000 ] 7200 0.009% 99.992% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3334 0.004% 99.997% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1393 0.002% 99.998% ( 570000, 860000 ] 700 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 293 0.000% 100.000% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 196 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 69 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 32 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 10 0.000% 100.000% ``` New, gather_stats=true, 1 second delay between scans. Scans take about 1 second here so it's spending about 50% time scanning. Still the effect on ops/sec and latency seems to be in the noise. Median thread ops/sec of 5 runs: ``` Complete in 91.890 s; Rough parallel ops/sec = 870608 Thread ops/sec = 54551 Operation latency (ns): Count: 80000000 Average: 11311.2629 StdDev: 45.28 Min: 0 Median: 7686.5458 Max: 10018340 Percentiles: P50: 7686.55 P75: 14481.95 P99: 47232.60 P99.9: 79230.18 P99.99: 232998.86 ------------------------------------------------------ [ 0, 1 ] 71 0.000% 0.000% ( 2900, 4400 ] 291 0.000% 0.000% ( 4400, 6600 ] 34492060 43.115% 43.116% ######### ( 6600, 9900 ] 16727328 20.909% 64.025% #### ( 9900, 14000 ] 7845828 9.807% 73.832% ## ( 14000, 22000 ] 15510654 19.388% 93.220% #### ( 22000, 33000 ] 3216533 4.021% 97.241% # ( 33000, 50000 ] 1680859 2.101% 99.342% ( 50000, 75000 ] 439059 0.549% 99.891% ( 75000, 110000 ] 60540 0.076% 99.967% ( 110000, 170000 ] 14649 0.018% 99.985% ( 170000, 250000 ] 5242 0.007% 99.991% ( 250000, 380000 ] 3260 0.004% 99.995% ( 380000, 570000 ] 1599 0.002% 99.997% ( 570000, 860000 ] 1043 0.001% 99.999% ( 860000, 1200000 ] 471 0.001% 99.999% ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 275 0.000% 100.000% ( 1900000, 2900000 ] 143 0.000% 100.000% ( 2900000, 4300000 ] 60 0.000% 100.000% ( 4300000, 6500000 ] 27 0.000% 100.000% ( 6500000, 9800000 ] 7 0.000% 100.000% ( 9800000, 14000000 ] 1 0.000% 100.000% Gather stats latency (us): Count: 46 Average: 980387.5870 StdDev: 60911.18 Min: 879155 Median: 1033777.7778 Max: 1261431 Percentiles: P50: 1033777.78 P75: 1120666.67 P99: 1261431.00 P99.9: 1261431.00 P99.99: 1261431.00 ------------------------------------------------------ ( 860000, 1200000 ] 45 97.826% 97.826% #################### ( 1200000, 1900000 ] 1 2.174% 100.000% Most recent cache entry stats: Number of entries: 1295133 Total charge: 9.88 GB Average key size: 23.4982 Average charge: 8.00 KB Unique deleters: 3 ``` Reviewed By: mrambacher Differential Revision: D28295742 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: bbc4a552f91ba0fe10e5cc025c42cef5a81f2b95
3 years ago
snprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, " num_shard_bits : %d\n",
GetNumShardBits());
ret.append(buffer);
snprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, " strict_capacity_limit : %d\n",
strict_capacity_limit_);
ret.append(buffer);
}
snprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, " memory_allocator : %s\n",
memory_allocator() ? memory_allocator()->Name() : "None");
ret.append(buffer);
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
AppendPrintableOptions(ret);
return ret;
}
Revamp, optimize new experimental clock cache (#10626) Summary: * Consolidates most metadata into a single word per slot so that more can be accomplished with a single atomic update. In the common case, Lookup was previously about 4 atomic updates, now just 1 atomic update. Common case Release was previously 1 atomic read + 1 atomic update, now just 1 atomic update. * Eliminate spins / waits / yields, which likely threaten some "lock free" benefits. Compare-exchange loops are only used in explicit Erase, and strict_capacity_limit=true Insert. Eviction uses opportunistic compare- exchange. * Relaxes some aggressiveness and guarantees. For example, * Duplicate Inserts will sometimes go undetected and the shadow duplicate will age out with eviction. * In many cases, the older Inserted value for a given cache key will be kept (i.e. Insert does not support overwrite). * Entries explicitly erased (rather than evicted) might not be freed immediately in some rare cases. * With strict_capacity_limit=false, capacity limit is not tracked/enforced as precisely as LRUCache, but is self-correcting and should only deviate by a very small number of extra or fewer entries. * Use smaller "computed default" number of cache shards in many cases, because benefits to larger usage tracking / eviction pools outweigh the small cost of more lock-free atomic contention. The improvement in CPU and I/O is dramatic in some limit-memory cases. * Even without the sharding change, the eviction algorithm is likely more effective than LRU overall because it's more stateful, even though the "hot path" state tracking for it is essentially free with ref counting. It is like a generalized CLOCK with aging (see code comments). I don't have performance numbers showing a specific improvement, but in theory, for a Poisson access pattern to each block, keeping some state allows better estimation of time to next access (Poisson interval) than strict LRU. The bounded randomness in CLOCK can also reduce "cliff" effect for repeated range scans approaching and exceeding cache size. ## Hot path algorithm comparison Rough descriptions, focusing on number and kind of atomic operations: * Old `Lookup()` (2-5 atomic updates per probe): ``` Loop: Increment internal ref count at slot If possible hit: Check flags atomic (and non-atomic fields) If cache hit: Three distinct updates to 'flags' atomic Increment refs for internal-to-external Return Decrement internal ref count while atomic read 'displacements' > 0 ``` * New `Lookup()` (1-2 atomic updates per probe): ``` Loop: Increment acquire counter in meta word (optimistic) If visible entry (already read meta word): If match (read non-atomic fields): Return Else: Decrement acquire counter in meta word Else if invisible entry (rare, already read meta word): Decrement acquire counter in meta word while atomic read 'displacements' > 0 ``` * Old `Release()` (1 atomic update, conditional on atomic read, rarely more): ``` Read atomic ref count If last reference and invisible (rare): Use CAS etc. to remove Return Else: Decrement ref count ``` * New `Release()` (1 unconditional atomic update, rarely more): ``` Increment release counter in meta word If last reference and invisible (rare): Use CAS etc. to remove Return ``` ## Performance test setup Build DB with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16 ``` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=${CACHE_MB}000000 -duration 60 -threads=$THREADS -statistics ``` Numbers on a single socket Skylake Xeon system with 48 hardware threads, DEBUG_LEVEL=0 PORTABLE=0. Very similar story on a dual socket system with 80 hardware threads. Using (every 2nd) Fibonacci MB cache sizes to sample the territory between powers of two. Configurations: base: LRUCache before this change, but with db_bench change to default cache_numshardbits=-1 (instead of fixed at 6) folly: LRUCache before this change, with folly enabled (distributed mutex) but on an old compiler (sorry) gt_clock: experimental ClockCache before this change new_clock: experimental ClockCache with this change ## Performance test results First test "hot path" read performance, with block cache large enough for whole DB: 4181MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 47.761 4181MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 45.877 4181MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 51.092 4181MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 53.944 4181MB 16thread base -> kops/s: 284.567 4181MB 16thread folly -> kops/s: 249.015 4181MB 16thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 743.762 4181MB 16thread new_clock -> kops/s: 861.821 4181MB 24thread base -> kops/s: 303.415 4181MB 24thread folly -> kops/s: 266.548 4181MB 24thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 975.706 4181MB 24thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1205.64 (~= 24 * 53.944) 4181MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 311.251 4181MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 274.952 4181MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1045.98 4181MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1370.38 4181MB 48thread base -> kops/s: 310.504 4181MB 48thread folly -> kops/s: 268.322 4181MB 48thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1195.65 4181MB 48thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1604.85 (~= 24 * 1.25 * 53.944) 4181MB 64thread base -> kops/s: 307.839 4181MB 64thread folly -> kops/s: 272.172 4181MB 64thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1204.47 4181MB 64thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1615.37 4181MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 310.934 4181MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 267.468 4181MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1188.75 4181MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1595.46 Whether we have just one thread on a quiet system or an overload of threads, the new version wins every time in thousand-ops per second, sometimes dramatically so. Mutex-based implementation quickly becomes contention-limited. New clock cache shows essentially perfect scaling up to number of physical cores (24), and then each hyperthreaded core adding about 1/4 the throughput of an additional physical core (see 48 thread case). Block cache miss rates (omitted above) are negligible across the board. With partitioned instead of full filters, the maximum speed-up vs. base is more like 2.5x rather than 5x. Now test a large block cache with low miss ratio, but some eviction is required: 1597MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 46.603 io_bytes/op: 1584.63 miss_ratio: 0.0201066 max_rss_mb: 1589.23 1597MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 45.079 io_bytes/op: 1530.03 miss_ratio: 0.019872 max_rss_mb: 1550.43 1597MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 48.711 io_bytes/op: 1566.63 miss_ratio: 0.0198923 max_rss_mb: 1691.4 1597MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 51.531 io_bytes/op: 1589.07 miss_ratio: 0.0201969 max_rss_mb: 1583.56 1597MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 301.174 io_bytes/op: 1439.52 miss_ratio: 0.0184218 max_rss_mb: 1656.59 1597MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 273.09 io_bytes/op: 1375.12 miss_ratio: 0.0180002 max_rss_mb: 1586.8 1597MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 904.497 io_bytes/op: 1411.29 miss_ratio: 0.0179934 max_rss_mb: 1775.89 1597MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1182.59 io_bytes/op: 1440.77 miss_ratio: 0.0185449 max_rss_mb: 1636.45 1597MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 309.91 io_bytes/op: 1438.25 miss_ratio: 0.018399 max_rss_mb: 1689.98 1597MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 267.605 io_bytes/op: 1394.16 miss_ratio: 0.0180286 max_rss_mb: 1631.91 1597MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 691.518 io_bytes/op: 9056.73 miss_ratio: 0.0186572 max_rss_mb: 1982.26 1597MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1406.12 io_bytes/op: 1440.82 miss_ratio: 0.0185463 max_rss_mb: 1685.63 610MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 45.511 io_bytes/op: 2279.61 miss_ratio: 0.0290528 max_rss_mb: 615.137 610MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 43.386 io_bytes/op: 2217.29 miss_ratio: 0.0289282 max_rss_mb: 600.996 610MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 46.207 io_bytes/op: 2275.51 miss_ratio: 0.0290057 max_rss_mb: 637.934 610MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 48.879 io_bytes/op: 2283.1 miss_ratio: 0.0291253 max_rss_mb: 613.5 610MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 306.59 io_bytes/op: 2250 miss_ratio: 0.0288721 max_rss_mb: 683.402 610MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 269.176 io_bytes/op: 2187.86 miss_ratio: 0.0286938 max_rss_mb: 628.742 610MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 855.097 io_bytes/op: 2279.26 miss_ratio: 0.0288009 max_rss_mb: 733.062 610MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1121.47 io_bytes/op: 2244.29 miss_ratio: 0.0289046 max_rss_mb: 666.453 610MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 305.079 io_bytes/op: 2252.43 miss_ratio: 0.0288884 max_rss_mb: 723.457 610MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 269.583 io_bytes/op: 2204.58 miss_ratio: 0.0287001 max_rss_mb: 676.426 610MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 53.298 io_bytes/op: 8128.98 miss_ratio: 0.0292452 max_rss_mb: 956.273 610MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1301.09 io_bytes/op: 2246.04 miss_ratio: 0.0289171 max_rss_mb: 788.812 The new version is still winning every time, sometimes dramatically so, and we can tell from the maximum resident memory numbers (which contain some noise, by the way) that the new cache is not cheating on memory usage. IMPORTANT: The previous generation experimental clock cache appears to hit a serious bottleneck in the higher thread count configurations, presumably due to some of its waiting functionality. (The same bottleneck is not seen with partitioned index+filters.) Now we consider even smaller cache sizes, with higher miss ratios, eviction work, etc. 233MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 10.557 io_bytes/op: 227040 miss_ratio: 0.0403105 max_rss_mb: 247.371 233MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 15.348 io_bytes/op: 112007 miss_ratio: 0.0372238 max_rss_mb: 245.293 233MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 6.365 io_bytes/op: 244854 miss_ratio: 0.0413873 max_rss_mb: 259.844 233MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 47.501 io_bytes/op: 2591.93 miss_ratio: 0.0330989 max_rss_mb: 242.461 233MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 96.498 io_bytes/op: 363379 miss_ratio: 0.0459966 max_rss_mb: 479.227 233MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 109.95 io_bytes/op: 314799 miss_ratio: 0.0450032 max_rss_mb: 400.738 233MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 2.353 io_bytes/op: 385397 miss_ratio: 0.048445 max_rss_mb: 500.688 233MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1088.95 io_bytes/op: 2567.02 miss_ratio: 0.0330593 max_rss_mb: 303.402 233MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 84.302 io_bytes/op: 378020 miss_ratio: 0.0466558 max_rss_mb: 1051.84 233MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 89.921 io_bytes/op: 338242 miss_ratio: 0.0460309 max_rss_mb: 812.785 233MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 2.588 io_bytes/op: 462833 miss_ratio: 0.0509158 max_rss_mb: 1109.94 233MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1299.26 io_bytes/op: 2565.94 miss_ratio: 0.0330531 max_rss_mb: 361.016 89MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 0.574 io_bytes/op: 5.35977e+06 miss_ratio: 0.274427 max_rss_mb: 91.3086 89MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 0.578 io_bytes/op: 5.16549e+06 miss_ratio: 0.27276 max_rss_mb: 96.8984 89MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.512 io_bytes/op: 4.13111e+06 miss_ratio: 0.242817 max_rss_mb: 119.441 89MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 48.172 io_bytes/op: 2709.76 miss_ratio: 0.0346162 max_rss_mb: 100.754 89MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 5.779 io_bytes/op: 6.14192e+06 miss_ratio: 0.320399 max_rss_mb: 311.812 89MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 5.601 io_bytes/op: 5.83838e+06 miss_ratio: 0.313123 max_rss_mb: 252.418 89MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.77 io_bytes/op: 3.99236e+06 miss_ratio: 0.236296 max_rss_mb: 396.422 89MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1064.97 io_bytes/op: 2687.23 miss_ratio: 0.0346134 max_rss_mb: 155.293 89MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 4.959 io_bytes/op: 6.20297e+06 miss_ratio: 0.323945 max_rss_mb: 823.43 89MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 4.962 io_bytes/op: 5.9601e+06 miss_ratio: 0.319857 max_rss_mb: 626.824 89MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1.009 io_bytes/op: 4.1083e+06 miss_ratio: 0.242512 max_rss_mb: 1095.32 89MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1224.39 io_bytes/op: 2688.2 miss_ratio: 0.0346207 max_rss_mb: 218.223 ^ Now something interesting has happened: the new clock cache has gained a dramatic lead in the single-threaded case, and this is because the cache is so small, and full filters are so big, that dividing the cache into 64 shards leads to significant (random) imbalances in cache shards and excessive churn in imbalanced shards. This new clock cache only uses two shards for this configuration, and that helps to ensure that entries are part of a sufficiently big pool that their eviction order resembles the single-shard order. (This effect is not seen with partitioned index+filters.) Even smaller cache size: 34MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 0.198 io_bytes/op: 1.65342e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939466 max_rss_mb: 48.6914 34MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 0.201 io_bytes/op: 1.63416e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939081 max_rss_mb: 45.3281 34MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.448 io_bytes/op: 4.43957e+06 miss_ratio: 0.266749 max_rss_mb: 100.523 34MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1.055 io_bytes/op: 1.85439e+06 miss_ratio: 0.107512 max_rss_mb: 75.3125 34MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 3.346 io_bytes/op: 1.64852e+07 miss_ratio: 0.93596 max_rss_mb: 180.48 34MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 3.431 io_bytes/op: 1.62857e+07 miss_ratio: 0.935693 max_rss_mb: 137.531 34MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1.47 io_bytes/op: 4.89704e+06 miss_ratio: 0.295081 max_rss_mb: 392.465 34MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 8.19 io_bytes/op: 3.70456e+06 miss_ratio: 0.20826 max_rss_mb: 519.793 34MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 2.293 io_bytes/op: 1.64351e+07 miss_ratio: 0.931866 max_rss_mb: 449.484 34MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 2.34 io_bytes/op: 1.6219e+07 miss_ratio: 0.932023 max_rss_mb: 396.457 34MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1.798 io_bytes/op: 5.4241e+06 miss_ratio: 0.324881 max_rss_mb: 1104.41 34MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 10.519 io_bytes/op: 2.39354e+06 miss_ratio: 0.136147 max_rss_mb: 1050.52 As the miss ratio gets higher (say, above 10%), the CPU time spent in eviction starts to erode the advantage of using fewer shards (13% miss rate much lower than 94%). LRU's O(1) eviction time can eventually pay off when there's enough block cache churn: 13MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 0.195 io_bytes/op: 1.65732e+07 miss_ratio: 0.946604 max_rss_mb: 45.6328 13MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 0.197 io_bytes/op: 1.63793e+07 miss_ratio: 0.94661 max_rss_mb: 33.8633 13MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.519 io_bytes/op: 4.43316e+06 miss_ratio: 0.269379 max_rss_mb: 100.684 13MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 0.176 io_bytes/op: 1.54148e+07 miss_ratio: 0.91545 max_rss_mb: 66.2383 13MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 3.266 io_bytes/op: 1.65544e+07 miss_ratio: 0.943386 max_rss_mb: 132.492 13MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 3.396 io_bytes/op: 1.63142e+07 miss_ratio: 0.943243 max_rss_mb: 101.863 13MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 2.758 io_bytes/op: 5.13714e+06 miss_ratio: 0.310652 max_rss_mb: 396.121 13MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 3.11 io_bytes/op: 1.23419e+07 miss_ratio: 0.708425 max_rss_mb: 321.758 13MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 2.31 io_bytes/op: 1.64823e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939543 max_rss_mb: 425.539 13MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 2.339 io_bytes/op: 1.6242e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939966 max_rss_mb: 346.098 13MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 3.223 io_bytes/op: 5.76928e+06 miss_ratio: 0.345899 max_rss_mb: 1087.77 13MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 2.984 io_bytes/op: 1.05341e+07 miss_ratio: 0.606198 max_rss_mb: 898.27 gt_clock is clearly blowing way past its memory budget for lower miss rates and best throughput. new_clock also seems to be exceeding budgets, and this warrants more investigation but is not the use case we are targeting with the new cache. With partitioned index+filter, the miss ratio is much better, and although still high enough that the eviction CPU time is definitely offsetting mutex contention: 13MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 16.326 io_bytes/op: 23743.9 miss_ratio: 0.205362 max_rss_mb: 65.2852 13MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 15.574 io_bytes/op: 19415 miss_ratio: 0.184157 max_rss_mb: 56.3516 13MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 14.459 io_bytes/op: 22873 miss_ratio: 0.198355 max_rss_mb: 63.9688 13MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 16.34 io_bytes/op: 24386.5 miss_ratio: 0.210512 max_rss_mb: 61.707 13MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 289.786 io_bytes/op: 23710.9 miss_ratio: 0.205056 max_rss_mb: 103.57 13MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 185.282 io_bytes/op: 19433.1 miss_ratio: 0.184275 max_rss_mb: 116.219 13MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 354.451 io_bytes/op: 23150.6 miss_ratio: 0.200495 max_rss_mb: 102.871 13MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 295.359 io_bytes/op: 24626.4 miss_ratio: 0.212452 max_rss_mb: 121.109 Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10626 Test Plan: updated unit tests, stress/crash test runs including with TSAN, ASAN, UBSAN Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D39368406 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 5afc44da4c656f8f751b44552bbf27bd3ca6fef9
2 years ago
int GetDefaultCacheShardBits(size_t capacity, size_t min_shard_size) {
int num_shard_bits = 0;
size_t num_shards = capacity / min_shard_size;
while (num_shards >>= 1) {
if (++num_shard_bits >= 6) {
// No more than 6.
return num_shard_bits;
}
}
return num_shard_bits;
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
int ShardedCacheBase::GetNumShardBits() const {
return BitsSetToOne(shard_mask_);
Revamp, optimize new experimental clock cache (#10626) Summary: * Consolidates most metadata into a single word per slot so that more can be accomplished with a single atomic update. In the common case, Lookup was previously about 4 atomic updates, now just 1 atomic update. Common case Release was previously 1 atomic read + 1 atomic update, now just 1 atomic update. * Eliminate spins / waits / yields, which likely threaten some "lock free" benefits. Compare-exchange loops are only used in explicit Erase, and strict_capacity_limit=true Insert. Eviction uses opportunistic compare- exchange. * Relaxes some aggressiveness and guarantees. For example, * Duplicate Inserts will sometimes go undetected and the shadow duplicate will age out with eviction. * In many cases, the older Inserted value for a given cache key will be kept (i.e. Insert does not support overwrite). * Entries explicitly erased (rather than evicted) might not be freed immediately in some rare cases. * With strict_capacity_limit=false, capacity limit is not tracked/enforced as precisely as LRUCache, but is self-correcting and should only deviate by a very small number of extra or fewer entries. * Use smaller "computed default" number of cache shards in many cases, because benefits to larger usage tracking / eviction pools outweigh the small cost of more lock-free atomic contention. The improvement in CPU and I/O is dramatic in some limit-memory cases. * Even without the sharding change, the eviction algorithm is likely more effective than LRU overall because it's more stateful, even though the "hot path" state tracking for it is essentially free with ref counting. It is like a generalized CLOCK with aging (see code comments). I don't have performance numbers showing a specific improvement, but in theory, for a Poisson access pattern to each block, keeping some state allows better estimation of time to next access (Poisson interval) than strict LRU. The bounded randomness in CLOCK can also reduce "cliff" effect for repeated range scans approaching and exceeding cache size. ## Hot path algorithm comparison Rough descriptions, focusing on number and kind of atomic operations: * Old `Lookup()` (2-5 atomic updates per probe): ``` Loop: Increment internal ref count at slot If possible hit: Check flags atomic (and non-atomic fields) If cache hit: Three distinct updates to 'flags' atomic Increment refs for internal-to-external Return Decrement internal ref count while atomic read 'displacements' > 0 ``` * New `Lookup()` (1-2 atomic updates per probe): ``` Loop: Increment acquire counter in meta word (optimistic) If visible entry (already read meta word): If match (read non-atomic fields): Return Else: Decrement acquire counter in meta word Else if invisible entry (rare, already read meta word): Decrement acquire counter in meta word while atomic read 'displacements' > 0 ``` * Old `Release()` (1 atomic update, conditional on atomic read, rarely more): ``` Read atomic ref count If last reference and invisible (rare): Use CAS etc. to remove Return Else: Decrement ref count ``` * New `Release()` (1 unconditional atomic update, rarely more): ``` Increment release counter in meta word If last reference and invisible (rare): Use CAS etc. to remove Return ``` ## Performance test setup Build DB with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16 ``` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=${CACHE_MB}000000 -duration 60 -threads=$THREADS -statistics ``` Numbers on a single socket Skylake Xeon system with 48 hardware threads, DEBUG_LEVEL=0 PORTABLE=0. Very similar story on a dual socket system with 80 hardware threads. Using (every 2nd) Fibonacci MB cache sizes to sample the territory between powers of two. Configurations: base: LRUCache before this change, but with db_bench change to default cache_numshardbits=-1 (instead of fixed at 6) folly: LRUCache before this change, with folly enabled (distributed mutex) but on an old compiler (sorry) gt_clock: experimental ClockCache before this change new_clock: experimental ClockCache with this change ## Performance test results First test "hot path" read performance, with block cache large enough for whole DB: 4181MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 47.761 4181MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 45.877 4181MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 51.092 4181MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 53.944 4181MB 16thread base -> kops/s: 284.567 4181MB 16thread folly -> kops/s: 249.015 4181MB 16thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 743.762 4181MB 16thread new_clock -> kops/s: 861.821 4181MB 24thread base -> kops/s: 303.415 4181MB 24thread folly -> kops/s: 266.548 4181MB 24thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 975.706 4181MB 24thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1205.64 (~= 24 * 53.944) 4181MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 311.251 4181MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 274.952 4181MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1045.98 4181MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1370.38 4181MB 48thread base -> kops/s: 310.504 4181MB 48thread folly -> kops/s: 268.322 4181MB 48thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1195.65 4181MB 48thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1604.85 (~= 24 * 1.25 * 53.944) 4181MB 64thread base -> kops/s: 307.839 4181MB 64thread folly -> kops/s: 272.172 4181MB 64thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1204.47 4181MB 64thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1615.37 4181MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 310.934 4181MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 267.468 4181MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1188.75 4181MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1595.46 Whether we have just one thread on a quiet system or an overload of threads, the new version wins every time in thousand-ops per second, sometimes dramatically so. Mutex-based implementation quickly becomes contention-limited. New clock cache shows essentially perfect scaling up to number of physical cores (24), and then each hyperthreaded core adding about 1/4 the throughput of an additional physical core (see 48 thread case). Block cache miss rates (omitted above) are negligible across the board. With partitioned instead of full filters, the maximum speed-up vs. base is more like 2.5x rather than 5x. Now test a large block cache with low miss ratio, but some eviction is required: 1597MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 46.603 io_bytes/op: 1584.63 miss_ratio: 0.0201066 max_rss_mb: 1589.23 1597MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 45.079 io_bytes/op: 1530.03 miss_ratio: 0.019872 max_rss_mb: 1550.43 1597MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 48.711 io_bytes/op: 1566.63 miss_ratio: 0.0198923 max_rss_mb: 1691.4 1597MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 51.531 io_bytes/op: 1589.07 miss_ratio: 0.0201969 max_rss_mb: 1583.56 1597MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 301.174 io_bytes/op: 1439.52 miss_ratio: 0.0184218 max_rss_mb: 1656.59 1597MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 273.09 io_bytes/op: 1375.12 miss_ratio: 0.0180002 max_rss_mb: 1586.8 1597MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 904.497 io_bytes/op: 1411.29 miss_ratio: 0.0179934 max_rss_mb: 1775.89 1597MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1182.59 io_bytes/op: 1440.77 miss_ratio: 0.0185449 max_rss_mb: 1636.45 1597MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 309.91 io_bytes/op: 1438.25 miss_ratio: 0.018399 max_rss_mb: 1689.98 1597MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 267.605 io_bytes/op: 1394.16 miss_ratio: 0.0180286 max_rss_mb: 1631.91 1597MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 691.518 io_bytes/op: 9056.73 miss_ratio: 0.0186572 max_rss_mb: 1982.26 1597MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1406.12 io_bytes/op: 1440.82 miss_ratio: 0.0185463 max_rss_mb: 1685.63 610MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 45.511 io_bytes/op: 2279.61 miss_ratio: 0.0290528 max_rss_mb: 615.137 610MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 43.386 io_bytes/op: 2217.29 miss_ratio: 0.0289282 max_rss_mb: 600.996 610MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 46.207 io_bytes/op: 2275.51 miss_ratio: 0.0290057 max_rss_mb: 637.934 610MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 48.879 io_bytes/op: 2283.1 miss_ratio: 0.0291253 max_rss_mb: 613.5 610MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 306.59 io_bytes/op: 2250 miss_ratio: 0.0288721 max_rss_mb: 683.402 610MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 269.176 io_bytes/op: 2187.86 miss_ratio: 0.0286938 max_rss_mb: 628.742 610MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 855.097 io_bytes/op: 2279.26 miss_ratio: 0.0288009 max_rss_mb: 733.062 610MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1121.47 io_bytes/op: 2244.29 miss_ratio: 0.0289046 max_rss_mb: 666.453 610MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 305.079 io_bytes/op: 2252.43 miss_ratio: 0.0288884 max_rss_mb: 723.457 610MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 269.583 io_bytes/op: 2204.58 miss_ratio: 0.0287001 max_rss_mb: 676.426 610MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 53.298 io_bytes/op: 8128.98 miss_ratio: 0.0292452 max_rss_mb: 956.273 610MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1301.09 io_bytes/op: 2246.04 miss_ratio: 0.0289171 max_rss_mb: 788.812 The new version is still winning every time, sometimes dramatically so, and we can tell from the maximum resident memory numbers (which contain some noise, by the way) that the new cache is not cheating on memory usage. IMPORTANT: The previous generation experimental clock cache appears to hit a serious bottleneck in the higher thread count configurations, presumably due to some of its waiting functionality. (The same bottleneck is not seen with partitioned index+filters.) Now we consider even smaller cache sizes, with higher miss ratios, eviction work, etc. 233MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 10.557 io_bytes/op: 227040 miss_ratio: 0.0403105 max_rss_mb: 247.371 233MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 15.348 io_bytes/op: 112007 miss_ratio: 0.0372238 max_rss_mb: 245.293 233MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 6.365 io_bytes/op: 244854 miss_ratio: 0.0413873 max_rss_mb: 259.844 233MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 47.501 io_bytes/op: 2591.93 miss_ratio: 0.0330989 max_rss_mb: 242.461 233MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 96.498 io_bytes/op: 363379 miss_ratio: 0.0459966 max_rss_mb: 479.227 233MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 109.95 io_bytes/op: 314799 miss_ratio: 0.0450032 max_rss_mb: 400.738 233MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 2.353 io_bytes/op: 385397 miss_ratio: 0.048445 max_rss_mb: 500.688 233MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1088.95 io_bytes/op: 2567.02 miss_ratio: 0.0330593 max_rss_mb: 303.402 233MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 84.302 io_bytes/op: 378020 miss_ratio: 0.0466558 max_rss_mb: 1051.84 233MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 89.921 io_bytes/op: 338242 miss_ratio: 0.0460309 max_rss_mb: 812.785 233MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 2.588 io_bytes/op: 462833 miss_ratio: 0.0509158 max_rss_mb: 1109.94 233MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1299.26 io_bytes/op: 2565.94 miss_ratio: 0.0330531 max_rss_mb: 361.016 89MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 0.574 io_bytes/op: 5.35977e+06 miss_ratio: 0.274427 max_rss_mb: 91.3086 89MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 0.578 io_bytes/op: 5.16549e+06 miss_ratio: 0.27276 max_rss_mb: 96.8984 89MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.512 io_bytes/op: 4.13111e+06 miss_ratio: 0.242817 max_rss_mb: 119.441 89MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 48.172 io_bytes/op: 2709.76 miss_ratio: 0.0346162 max_rss_mb: 100.754 89MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 5.779 io_bytes/op: 6.14192e+06 miss_ratio: 0.320399 max_rss_mb: 311.812 89MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 5.601 io_bytes/op: 5.83838e+06 miss_ratio: 0.313123 max_rss_mb: 252.418 89MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.77 io_bytes/op: 3.99236e+06 miss_ratio: 0.236296 max_rss_mb: 396.422 89MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1064.97 io_bytes/op: 2687.23 miss_ratio: 0.0346134 max_rss_mb: 155.293 89MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 4.959 io_bytes/op: 6.20297e+06 miss_ratio: 0.323945 max_rss_mb: 823.43 89MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 4.962 io_bytes/op: 5.9601e+06 miss_ratio: 0.319857 max_rss_mb: 626.824 89MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1.009 io_bytes/op: 4.1083e+06 miss_ratio: 0.242512 max_rss_mb: 1095.32 89MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1224.39 io_bytes/op: 2688.2 miss_ratio: 0.0346207 max_rss_mb: 218.223 ^ Now something interesting has happened: the new clock cache has gained a dramatic lead in the single-threaded case, and this is because the cache is so small, and full filters are so big, that dividing the cache into 64 shards leads to significant (random) imbalances in cache shards and excessive churn in imbalanced shards. This new clock cache only uses two shards for this configuration, and that helps to ensure that entries are part of a sufficiently big pool that their eviction order resembles the single-shard order. (This effect is not seen with partitioned index+filters.) Even smaller cache size: 34MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 0.198 io_bytes/op: 1.65342e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939466 max_rss_mb: 48.6914 34MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 0.201 io_bytes/op: 1.63416e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939081 max_rss_mb: 45.3281 34MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.448 io_bytes/op: 4.43957e+06 miss_ratio: 0.266749 max_rss_mb: 100.523 34MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 1.055 io_bytes/op: 1.85439e+06 miss_ratio: 0.107512 max_rss_mb: 75.3125 34MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 3.346 io_bytes/op: 1.64852e+07 miss_ratio: 0.93596 max_rss_mb: 180.48 34MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 3.431 io_bytes/op: 1.62857e+07 miss_ratio: 0.935693 max_rss_mb: 137.531 34MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1.47 io_bytes/op: 4.89704e+06 miss_ratio: 0.295081 max_rss_mb: 392.465 34MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 8.19 io_bytes/op: 3.70456e+06 miss_ratio: 0.20826 max_rss_mb: 519.793 34MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 2.293 io_bytes/op: 1.64351e+07 miss_ratio: 0.931866 max_rss_mb: 449.484 34MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 2.34 io_bytes/op: 1.6219e+07 miss_ratio: 0.932023 max_rss_mb: 396.457 34MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 1.798 io_bytes/op: 5.4241e+06 miss_ratio: 0.324881 max_rss_mb: 1104.41 34MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 10.519 io_bytes/op: 2.39354e+06 miss_ratio: 0.136147 max_rss_mb: 1050.52 As the miss ratio gets higher (say, above 10%), the CPU time spent in eviction starts to erode the advantage of using fewer shards (13% miss rate much lower than 94%). LRU's O(1) eviction time can eventually pay off when there's enough block cache churn: 13MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 0.195 io_bytes/op: 1.65732e+07 miss_ratio: 0.946604 max_rss_mb: 45.6328 13MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 0.197 io_bytes/op: 1.63793e+07 miss_ratio: 0.94661 max_rss_mb: 33.8633 13MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 0.519 io_bytes/op: 4.43316e+06 miss_ratio: 0.269379 max_rss_mb: 100.684 13MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 0.176 io_bytes/op: 1.54148e+07 miss_ratio: 0.91545 max_rss_mb: 66.2383 13MB 32thread base -> kops/s: 3.266 io_bytes/op: 1.65544e+07 miss_ratio: 0.943386 max_rss_mb: 132.492 13MB 32thread folly -> kops/s: 3.396 io_bytes/op: 1.63142e+07 miss_ratio: 0.943243 max_rss_mb: 101.863 13MB 32thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 2.758 io_bytes/op: 5.13714e+06 miss_ratio: 0.310652 max_rss_mb: 396.121 13MB 32thread new_clock -> kops/s: 3.11 io_bytes/op: 1.23419e+07 miss_ratio: 0.708425 max_rss_mb: 321.758 13MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 2.31 io_bytes/op: 1.64823e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939543 max_rss_mb: 425.539 13MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 2.339 io_bytes/op: 1.6242e+07 miss_ratio: 0.939966 max_rss_mb: 346.098 13MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 3.223 io_bytes/op: 5.76928e+06 miss_ratio: 0.345899 max_rss_mb: 1087.77 13MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 2.984 io_bytes/op: 1.05341e+07 miss_ratio: 0.606198 max_rss_mb: 898.27 gt_clock is clearly blowing way past its memory budget for lower miss rates and best throughput. new_clock also seems to be exceeding budgets, and this warrants more investigation but is not the use case we are targeting with the new cache. With partitioned index+filter, the miss ratio is much better, and although still high enough that the eviction CPU time is definitely offsetting mutex contention: 13MB 1thread base -> kops/s: 16.326 io_bytes/op: 23743.9 miss_ratio: 0.205362 max_rss_mb: 65.2852 13MB 1thread folly -> kops/s: 15.574 io_bytes/op: 19415 miss_ratio: 0.184157 max_rss_mb: 56.3516 13MB 1thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 14.459 io_bytes/op: 22873 miss_ratio: 0.198355 max_rss_mb: 63.9688 13MB 1thread new_clock -> kops/s: 16.34 io_bytes/op: 24386.5 miss_ratio: 0.210512 max_rss_mb: 61.707 13MB 128thread base -> kops/s: 289.786 io_bytes/op: 23710.9 miss_ratio: 0.205056 max_rss_mb: 103.57 13MB 128thread folly -> kops/s: 185.282 io_bytes/op: 19433.1 miss_ratio: 0.184275 max_rss_mb: 116.219 13MB 128thread gt_clock -> kops/s: 354.451 io_bytes/op: 23150.6 miss_ratio: 0.200495 max_rss_mb: 102.871 13MB 128thread new_clock -> kops/s: 295.359 io_bytes/op: 24626.4 miss_ratio: 0.212452 max_rss_mb: 121.109 Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10626 Test Plan: updated unit tests, stress/crash test runs including with TSAN, ASAN, UBSAN Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D39368406 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: 5afc44da4c656f8f751b44552bbf27bd3ca6fef9
2 years ago
}
Refactor ShardedCache for more sharing, static polymorphism (#10801) Summary: The motivations for this change include * Free up space in ClockHandle so that we can add data for secondary cache handling while still keeping within single cache line (64 byte) size. * This change frees up space by eliminating the need for the `hash` field by making the fixed-size key itself a hash, using a 128-bit bijective (lossless) hash. * Generally more customizability of ShardedCache (such as hashing) without worrying about virtual call overheads * ShardedCache now uses static polymorphism (template) instead of dynamic polymorphism (virtual overrides) for the CacheShard. No obvious performance benefit is seen from the change (as mostly expected; most calls to virtual functions in CacheShard could already be optimized to static calls), but offers more flexibility without incurring the runtime cost of adhering to a common interface (without type parameters or static callbacks). * You'll also notice less `reinterpret_cast`ing and other boilerplate in the Cache implementations, as this can go in ShardedCache. More detail: * Don't have LRUCacheShard maintain `std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>` copies (extra refcount) when LRUCache can be in charge of keeping a `shared_ptr`. * Renamed `capacity_mutex_` to `config_mutex_` to better represent the scope of what it guards. * Some preparation for 64-bit hash and indexing in LRUCache, but didn't include the full change because of slight performance regression. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10801 Test Plan: Unit test updates were non-trivial because of major changes to the ClockCacheShard interface in handling of key vs. hash. Performance: Create with `TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16` Test with ``` TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X1000] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 -cache_size=610000000 -duration 20 -threads=16 ``` Before: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321147 (± 253) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 150 runs] : 321530 (± 326) ops/sec` So possibly ~0.1% improvement. And with `-cache_type=hyper_clock_cache`: Before: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 614126 (± 7978) ops/sec` After: `readrandom [AVG 30 runs] : 645349 (± 8087) ops/sec` So roughly 5% improvement! Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D40252236 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: ff8fc70ef569585edc95bcbaaa0386f61355ae5b
2 years ago
uint32_t ShardedCacheBase::GetNumShards() const { return shard_mask_ + 1; }
} // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE