Fix interaction between CompactionFilter::Decision::kRemoveAndSkipUnt…

Summary:
Fixes the following scenario:
 1. Set prefix extractor. Enable bloom filters, with `whole_key_filtering = false`. Use compaction filter that sometimes returns `kRemoveAndSkipUntil`.
 2. Do a compaction.
 3. Compaction creates an iterator with `total_order_seek = false`, calls `SeekToFirst()` on it, then repeatedly calls `Next()`.
 4. At some point compaction filter returns `kRemoveAndSkipUntil`.
 5. Compaction calls `Seek(skip_until)` on the iterator. The key that it seeks to happens to have prefix that doesn't match the bloom filter. Since `total_order_seek = false`, iterator becomes invalid, and compaction thinks that it has reached the end. The rest of the compaction input is silently discarded.

The fix is to make compaction iterator use `total_order_seek = true`.

The implementation for PlainTable is quite awkward. I've made `kRemoveAndSkipUntil` officially incompatible with PlainTable. If you try to use them together, compaction will fail, and DB will enter read-only mode (`bg_error_`). That's not a very graceful way to communicate a misconfiguration, but the alternatives don't seem worth the implementation time and complexity. To be able to check in advance that `kRemoveAndSkipUntil` is not going to be used with PlainTable, we'd need to extend the interface of either `CompactionFilter` or `InternalIterator`. It seems unlikely that anyone will ever want to use `kRemoveAndSkipUntil` with PlainTable: PlainTable probably has very few users, and `kRemoveAndSkipUntil` has only one user so far: us (logdevice).
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2349

Differential Revision: D5110388

Pulled By: lightmark

fbshipit-source-id: ec29101a99d9dcd97db33923b87f72bce56cc17a

db/db_compaction_filter_test.cc

@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ TEST_F(DBTestCompactionFilter, SkipUntil) {
 
   cfilter_skips = 0;
   ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  // Numberof skips in tables: 2, 3, 3, 3.
+  // Number of skips in tables: 2, 3, 3, 3.
   ASSERT_EQ(11, cfilter_skips);
 
   for (int table = 0; table < 4; ++table) {
@@ -801,6 +801,43 @@ TEST_F(DBTestCompactionFilter, SkipUntil) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST_F(DBTestCompactionFilter, SkipUntilWithBloomFilter) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.whole_key_filtering = false;
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(100, false));
+
+  Options options = CurrentOptions();
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewCappedPrefixTransform(9));
+  options.compaction_filter_factory = std::make_shared<SkipEvenFilterFactory>();
+  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  DestroyAndReopen(options);
+
+  Put("0000000010", "v10");
+  Put("0000000020", "v20"); // skipped
+  Put("0000000050", "v50");
+  Flush();
+
+  cfilter_skips = 0;
+  EXPECT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, cfilter_skips);
+
+  Status s;
+  std::string val;
+
+  s = db_->Get(ReadOptions(), "0000000010", &val);
+  ASSERT_OK(s);
+  EXPECT_EQ("v10", val);
+
+  s = db_->Get(ReadOptions(), "0000000020", &val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s.IsNotFound());
+
+  s = db_->Get(ReadOptions(), "0000000050", &val);
+  ASSERT_OK(s);
+  EXPECT_EQ("v50", val);
+}
+
 }  // namespace rocksdb
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {

db/version_set.cc

@@ -3495,9 +3495,11 @@ InternalIterator* VersionSet::MakeInputIterator(
   ReadOptions read_options;
   read_options.verify_checksums = true;
   read_options.fill_cache = false;
-  if (c->ShouldFormSubcompactions()) {
+  // Compaction iterators shouldn't be confined to a single prefix.
+  // Compactions use Seek() for
+  // (a) concurrent compactions,
+  // (b) CompactionFilter::Decision::kRemoveAndSkipUntil.
   read_options.total_order_seek = true;
-  }
 
   // Level-0 files have to be merged together.  For other levels,
   // we will make a concatenating iterator per level.

include/rocksdb/compaction_filter.h

@@ -135,18 +135,18 @@ class CompactionFilter {
   //      *skip_until <= key is treated the same as Decision::kKeep
   //      (since the range [key, *skip_until) is empty).
   //
-  //      The keys are skipped even if there are snapshots containing them,
+  //      Caveats:
+  //       - The keys are skipped even if there are snapshots containing them,
   //         as if IgnoreSnapshots() was true; i.e. values removed
   //         by kRemoveAndSkipUntil can disappear from a snapshot - beware
   //         if you're using TransactionDB or DB::GetSnapshot().
-  //
-  //      Another warning: if value for a key was overwritten or merged into
-  //      (multiple Put()s or Merge()s), and compaction filter skips this key
-  //      with kRemoveAndSkipUntil, it's possible that it will remove only
+  //       - If value for a key was overwritten or merged into (multiple Put()s
+  //         or Merge()s), and compaction filter skips this key with
+  //         kRemoveAndSkipUntil, it's possible that it will remove only
   //         the new value, exposing the old value that was supposed to be
   //         overwritten.
-  //
-  //      If you use kRemoveAndSkipUntil, consider also reducing
+  //       - Doesn't work with PlainTableFactory in prefix mode.
+  //       - If you use kRemoveAndSkipUntil, consider also reducing
   //         compaction_readahead_size option.
   //
   // Note: If you are using a TransactionDB, it is not recommended to filter

table/cuckoo_table_factory.h

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static inline uint64_t CuckooHash(
 // - Key length and Value length are fixed.
 // - Does not support Snapshot.
 // - Does not support Merge operations.
+// - Does not support prefix bloom filters.
 class CuckooTableFactory : public TableFactory {
  public:
   explicit CuckooTableFactory(const CuckooTableOptions& table_options)

table/cuckoo_table_reader.cc

@@ -372,10 +372,6 @@ InternalIterator* CuckooTableReader::NewIterator(
     return NewErrorInternalIterator(
         Status::Corruption("CuckooTableReader status is not okay."), arena);
   }
-  if (read_options.total_order_seek) {
-    return NewErrorInternalIterator(
-        Status::InvalidArgument("total_order_seek is not supported."), arena);
-  }
   CuckooTableIterator* iter;
   if (arena == nullptr) {
     iter = new CuckooTableIterator(this);

table/plain_table_reader.cc

@@ -193,15 +193,12 @@ InternalIterator* PlainTableReader::NewIterator(const ReadOptions& options,
                                                 Arena* arena,
                                                 const InternalKeyComparator*,
                                                 bool skip_filters) {
-  if (options.total_order_seek && !IsTotalOrderMode()) {
-    return NewErrorInternalIterator(
-        Status::InvalidArgument("total_order_seek not supported"), arena);
-  }
+  bool use_prefix_seek = !IsTotalOrderMode() && !options.total_order_seek;
   if (arena == nullptr) {
-    return new PlainTableIterator(this, prefix_extractor_ != nullptr);
+    return new PlainTableIterator(this, use_prefix_seek);
   } else {
     auto mem = arena->AllocateAligned(sizeof(PlainTableIterator));
-    return new (mem) PlainTableIterator(this, prefix_extractor_ != nullptr);
+    return new (mem) PlainTableIterator(this, use_prefix_seek);
   }
 }
 
@@ -641,9 +638,22 @@ void PlainTableIterator::SeekToLast() {
 }
 
 void PlainTableIterator::Seek(const Slice& target) {
+  if (use_prefix_seek_ != !table_->IsTotalOrderMode()) {
+    // This check is done here instead of NewIterator() to permit creating an
+    // iterator with total_order_seek = true even if we won't be able to Seek()
+    // it. This is needed for compaction: it creates iterator with
+    // total_order_seek = true but usually never does Seek() on it,
+    // only SeekToFirst().
+    status_ =
+        Status::InvalidArgument(
+          "total_order_seek not implemented for PlainTable.");
+    offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset;
+    return;
+  }
+
   // If the user doesn't set prefix seek option and we are not able to do a
   // total Seek(). assert failure.
-  if (!use_prefix_seek_) {
+  if (table_->IsTotalOrderMode()) {
     if (table_->full_scan_mode_) {
       status_ =
           Status::InvalidArgument("Seek() is not allowed in full scan mode.");