Do not hold mutex when write keys if not necessary (#7516)

Summary:
## Problem Summary
RocksDB will acquire the global mutex of db instance for every time when user calls `Write`.  When RocksDB schedules a lot of compaction jobs,   it will compete the mutex with write thread and it will hurt the write performance.

## Problem Solution:
I want to use log_write_mutex to replace the global mutex in most case so that we do not acquire it in write-thread unless there is a write-stall event or a write-buffer-full event occur.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7516

Test Plan:
1. make check
2. CI
3. COMPILE_WITH_TSAN=1 make db_stress
make crash_test
make crash_test_with_multiops_wp_txn
make crash_test_with_multiops_wc_txn
make crash_test_with_atomic_flush

Reviewed By: siying

Differential Revision: D36908702

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 59b13881f4f5c0a58fd3ca79128a396d9cd98efe

HISTORY.md

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
 
 ### Behavior changes
 * DB::Open(), DB::OpenAsSecondary() will fail if a Logger cannot be created (#9984)
+* DB::Write does not hold global `mutex_` if this db instance does not need to switch wal and mem-table (#7516).
 * Removed support for reading Bloom filters using obsolete block-based filter format. (Support for writing such filters was dropped in 7.0.) For good read performance on old DBs using these filters, a full compaction is required.
 * Per KV checksum in write batch is verified before a write batch is written to WAL to detect any corruption to the write batch (#10114).
 

db/db_compaction_test.cc

@@ -5659,18 +5659,10 @@ TEST_P(DBCompactionTestWithParam, FixFileIngestionCompactionDeadlock) {
     for (int j = 0; j != kNumKeysPerFile; ++j) {
       ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(j), rnd.RandomString(990)));
     }
-    if (0 == i) {
-      // When we reach here, the memtables have kNumKeysPerFile keys. Note that
-      // flush is not yet triggered. We need to write an extra key so that the
-      // write path will call PreprocessWrite and flush the previous key-value
-      // pairs to e flushed. After that, there will be the newest key in the
-      // memtable, and a bunch of L0 files. Since there is already one key in
-      // the memtable, then for i = 1, 2, ..., we do not have to write this
-      // extra key to trigger flush.
-      ASSERT_OK(Put("", ""));
-    }
+    if (i > 0) {
       ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
-    ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0 /*level*/, 0 /*cf*/), i + 1);
+      ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0 /*level*/, 0 /*cf*/), i);
+    }
   }
   // When we reach this point, there will be level0_stop_writes_trigger L0
   // files and one extra key (99) in memory, which overlaps with the external

db/db_impl/db_impl.cc

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ DBImpl::DBImpl(const DBOptions& options, const std::string& dbname,
       log_dir_synced_(false),
       log_empty_(true),
       persist_stats_cf_handle_(nullptr),
-      log_sync_cv_(&mutex_),
+      log_sync_cv_(&log_write_mutex_),
       total_log_size_(0),
       is_snapshot_supported_(true),
       write_buffer_manager_(immutable_db_options_.write_buffer_manager.get()),
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ DBImpl::DBImpl(const DBOptions& options, const std::string& dbname,
   mutable_db_options_.Dump(immutable_db_options_.info_log.get());
   DumpSupportInfo(immutable_db_options_.info_log.get());
 
+  max_total_wal_size_.store(mutable_db_options_.max_total_wal_size,
+                            std::memory_order_relaxed);
   if (write_buffer_manager_) {
     wbm_stall_.reset(new WBMStallInterface());
   }
@@ -625,7 +627,8 @@ Status DBImpl::CloseHelper() {
     job_context.Clean();
     mutex_.Lock();
   }
-
+  {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&log_write_mutex_);
     for (auto l : logs_to_free_) {
       delete l;
     }
@@ -645,6 +648,7 @@ Status DBImpl::CloseHelper() {
       }
     }
     logs_.clear();
+  }
 
   // Table cache may have table handles holding blocks from the block cache.
   // We need to release them before the block cache is destroyed. The block
@@ -1108,6 +1112,7 @@ Status DBImpl::TablesRangeTombstoneSummary(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
 }
 
 void DBImpl::ScheduleBgLogWriterClose(JobContext* job_context) {
+  mutex_.AssertHeld();
   if (!job_context->logs_to_free.empty()) {
     for (auto l : job_context->logs_to_free) {
       AddToLogsToFreeQueue(l);
@@ -1285,6 +1290,11 @@ Status DBImpl::SetDBOptions(
             new_options.stats_persist_period_sec);
         mutex_.Lock();
       }
+      if (new_options.max_total_wal_size !=
+          mutable_db_options_.max_total_wal_size) {
+        max_total_wal_size_.store(new_options.max_total_wal_size,
+                                  std::memory_order_release);
+      }
       write_controller_.set_max_delayed_write_rate(
           new_options.delayed_write_rate);
       table_cache_.get()->SetCapacity(new_options.max_open_files == -1
@@ -1405,7 +1415,7 @@ Status DBImpl::SyncWAL() {
   uint64_t current_log_number;
 
   {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
     assert(!logs_.empty());
 
     // This SyncWAL() call only cares about logs up to this number.
@@ -1462,19 +1472,37 @@ Status DBImpl::SyncWAL() {
   TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2");
 
   TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:BeforeMarkLogsSynced:1");
+  VersionEdit synced_wals;
   {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
     if (status.ok()) {
-      status = MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number, need_log_dir_sync);
+      MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number, need_log_dir_sync, &synced_wals);
     } else {
       MarkLogsNotSynced(current_log_number);
     }
   }
+  if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+    status = ApplyWALToManifest(&synced_wals);
+  }
+
   TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:BeforeMarkLogsSynced:2");
 
   return status;
 }
 
+Status DBImpl::ApplyWALToManifest(VersionEdit* synced_wals) {
+  // not empty, write to MANIFEST.
+  mutex_.AssertHeld();
+  Status status =
+      versions_->LogAndApplyToDefaultColumnFamily(synced_wals, &mutex_);
+  if (!status.ok() && versions_->io_status().IsIOError()) {
+    status = error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
+                                       BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
 Status DBImpl::LockWAL() {
   log_write_mutex_.Lock();
   auto cur_log_writer = logs_.back().writer;
@@ -1494,12 +1522,12 @@ Status DBImpl::UnlockWAL() {
   return Status::OK();
 }
 
-Status DBImpl::MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir) {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
+void DBImpl::MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir,
+                            VersionEdit* synced_wals) {
+  log_write_mutex_.AssertHeld();
   if (synced_dir && logfile_number_ == up_to) {
     log_dir_synced_ = true;
   }
-  VersionEdit synced_wals;
   for (auto it = logs_.begin(); it != logs_.end() && it->number <= up_to;) {
     auto& wal = *it;
     assert(wal.IsSyncing());
@@ -1507,11 +1535,9 @@ Status DBImpl::MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir) {
     if (logs_.size() > 1) {
       if (immutable_db_options_.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest &&
           wal.GetPreSyncSize() > 0) {
-        synced_wals.AddWal(wal.number, WalMetadata(wal.GetPreSyncSize()));
+        synced_wals->AddWal(wal.number, WalMetadata(wal.GetPreSyncSize()));
       }
       logs_to_free_.push_back(wal.ReleaseWriter());
-      // To modify logs_ both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ must be held
-      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
       it = logs_.erase(it);
     } else {
       wal.FinishSync();
@@ -1520,22 +1546,11 @@ Status DBImpl::MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir) {
   }
   assert(logs_.empty() || logs_[0].number > up_to ||
          (logs_.size() == 1 && !logs_[0].IsSyncing()));
-
-  Status s;
-  if (synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
-    // not empty, write to MANIFEST.
-    s = versions_->LogAndApplyToDefaultColumnFamily(&synced_wals, &mutex_);
-    if (!s.ok() && versions_->io_status().IsIOError()) {
-      s = error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
-                                    BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
-    }
-  }
   log_sync_cv_.SignalAll();
-  return s;
 }
 
 void DBImpl::MarkLogsNotSynced(uint64_t up_to) {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
+  log_write_mutex_.AssertHeld();
   for (auto it = logs_.begin(); it != logs_.end() && it->number <= up_to;
        ++it) {
     auto& wal = *it;

db/db_impl/db_impl.h

@@ -998,6 +998,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   }
 
   void AddToLogsToFreeQueue(log::Writer* log_writer) {
+    mutex_.AssertHeld();
     logs_to_free_queue_.push_back(log_writer);
   }
 
@@ -1298,7 +1299,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
 
   // only used for dynamically adjusting max_total_wal_size. it is a sum of
   // [write_buffer_size * max_write_buffer_number] over all column families
-  uint64_t max_total_in_memory_state_;
+  std::atomic<uint64_t> max_total_in_memory_state_;
 
   // The options to access storage files
   const FileOptions file_options_;
@@ -1648,6 +1649,15 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
     uint64_t pre_sync_size = 0;
   };
 
+  struct LogContext {
+    explicit LogContext(bool need_sync = false)
+        : need_log_sync(need_sync), need_log_dir_sync(need_sync) {}
+    bool need_log_sync = false;
+    bool need_log_dir_sync = false;
+    log::Writer* writer = nullptr;
+    LogFileNumberSize* log_file_number_size = nullptr;
+  };
+
   // PurgeFileInfo is a structure to hold information of files to be deleted in
   // purge_files_
   struct PurgeFileInfo {
@@ -1801,7 +1811,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   void ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(
       std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator>& v);
 
-  IOStatus SyncClosedLogs(JobContext* job_context);
+  IOStatus SyncClosedLogs(JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals);
 
   // Flush the in-memory write buffer to storage.  Switches to a new
   // log-file/memtable and writes a new descriptor iff successful. Then
@@ -1961,8 +1971,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   Status HandleWriteBufferManagerFlush(WriteContext* write_context);
 
   // REQUIRES: mutex locked
-  Status PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options, bool* need_log_sync,
-                         WriteContext* write_context);
+  Status PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
+                         LogContext* log_context, WriteContext* write_context);
 
   // Merge write batches in the write group into merged_batch.
   // Returns OK if merge is successful.
@@ -2101,7 +2111,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
       std::unique_ptr<TaskLimiterToken>* token, LogBuffer* log_buffer);
 
   // helper function to call after some of the logs_ were synced
-  Status MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir);
+  void MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir, VersionEdit* edit);
+  Status ApplyWALToManifest(VersionEdit* edit);
   // WALs with log number up to up_to are not synced successfully.
   void MarkLogsNotSynced(uint64_t up_to);
 
@@ -2307,8 +2318,9 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   // logfile_number_ is currently updated only in write_thread_, it can be read
   // from the same write_thread_ without any locks.
   uint64_t logfile_number_;
-  std::deque<uint64_t>
-      log_recycle_files_;  // a list of log files that we can recycle
+  // Log files that we can recycle. Must be protected by db mutex_.
+  std::deque<uint64_t> log_recycle_files_;
+  // Protected by log_write_mutex_.
   bool log_dir_synced_;
   // Without two_write_queues, read and writes to log_empty_ are protected by
   // mutex_. Since it is currently updated/read only in write_thread_, it can be
@@ -2322,26 +2334,93 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
 
   bool persistent_stats_cfd_exists_ = true;
 
-  // Without two_write_queues, read and writes to alive_log_files_ are
-  // protected by mutex_. With two_write_queues_, writes
-  // are protected by locking both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_, and reads must
-  // be under either mutex_ or log_write_mutex_.
+  // alive_log_files_ is protected by mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ with details
+  // as follows:
+  // 1. read by FindObsoleteFiles() which can be called in either application
+  //    thread or RocksDB bg threads, both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ are
+  //    held.
+  // 2. pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles(), both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_
+  //    are held.
+  // 3. push_back() by DBImpl::Open() and DBImpl::RestoreAliveLogFiles()
+  //    (actually called by Open()), only mutex_ is held because at this point,
+  //    the DB::Open() call has not returned success to application, and the
+  //    only other thread(s) that can conflict are bg threads calling
+  //    FindObsoleteFiles() which ensure that both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_
+  //    are held when accessing alive_log_files_.
+  // 4. read by DBImpl::Open() is protected by mutex_.
+  // 5. push_back() by SwitchMemtable(). Both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ are
+  //    held. This is done by the write group leader. Note that in the case of
+  //    two-write-queues, another WAL-only write thread can be writing to the
+  //    WAL concurrently. See 9.
+  // 6. read by SwitchWAL() with both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ held. This is
+  //    done by write group leader.
+  // 7. read by ConcurrentWriteToWAL() by the write group leader in the case of
+  //    two-write-queues. Only log_write_mutex_ is held to protect concurrent
+  //    pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles().
+  // 8. read by PreprocessWrite() by the write group leader. log_write_mutex_
+  //    is held to protect the data structure from concurrent pop_front() by
+  //    FindObsoleteFiles().
+  // 9. read by ConcurrentWriteToWAL() by a WAL-only write thread in the case
+  //    of two-write-queues. Only log_write_mutex_ is held. This suffices to
+  //    protect the data structure from concurrent push_back() by current
+  //    write group leader as well as pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles().
   std::deque<LogFileNumberSize> alive_log_files_;
 
   // Log files that aren't fully synced, and the current log file.
   // Synchronization:
-  //  - push_back() is done from write_thread_ with locked mutex_ and
-  //  log_write_mutex_
-  //  - pop_front() is done from any thread with locked mutex_ and
-  //  log_write_mutex_
-  //  - reads are done with either locked mutex_ or log_write_mutex_
+  // 1. read by FindObsoleteFiles() which can be called either in application
+  //    thread or RocksDB bg threads. log_write_mutex_ is always held, while
+  //    some reads are performed without mutex_.
+  // 2. pop_front() by FindObsoleteFiles() with only log_write_mutex_ held.
+  // 3. read by DBImpl::Open() with both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_.
+  // 4. emplace_back() by DBImpl::Open() with both mutex_ and log_write_mutex.
+  //    Note that at this point, DB::Open() has not returned success to
+  //    application, thus the only other thread(s) that can conflict are bg
+  //    threads calling FindObsoleteFiles(). See 1.
+  // 5. iteration and clear() from CloseHelper() always hold log_write_mutex
+  //    and mutex_.
+  // 6. back() called by APIs FlushWAL() and LockWAL() are protected by only
+  //    log_write_mutex_. These two can be called by application threads after
+  //    DB::Open() returns success to applications.
+  // 7. read by SyncWAL(), another API, protected by only log_write_mutex_.
+  // 8. read by MarkLogsNotSynced() and MarkLogsSynced() are protected by
+  //    log_write_mutex_.
+  // 9. erase() by MarkLogsSynced() protected by log_write_mutex_.
+  // 10. read by SyncClosedLogs() protected by only log_write_mutex_. This can
+  //     happen in bg flush threads after DB::Open() returns success to
+  //     applications.
+  // 11. reads, e.g. front(), iteration, and back() called by PreprocessWrite()
+  //     holds only the log_write_mutex_. This is done by the write group
+  //     leader. A bg thread calling FindObsoleteFiles() or MarkLogsSynced()
+  //     can happen concurrently. This is fine because log_write_mutex_ is used
+  //     by all parties. See 2, 5, 9.
+  // 12. reads, empty(), back() called by SwitchMemtable() hold both mutex_ and
+  //     log_write_mutex_. This happens in the write group leader.
+  // 13. emplace_back() by SwitchMemtable() hold both mutex_ and
+  //     log_write_mutex_. This happens in the write group leader. Can conflict
+  //     with bg threads calling FindObsoleteFiles(), MarkLogsSynced(),
+  //     SyncClosedLogs(), etc. as well as application threads calling
+  //     FlushWAL(), SyncWAL(), LockWAL(). This is fine because all parties
+  //     require at least log_write_mutex_.
+  // 14. iteration called in WriteToWAL(write_group) protected by
+  //     log_write_mutex_. This is done by write group leader when
+  //     two-write-queues is disabled and write needs to sync logs.
+  // 15. back() called in ConcurrentWriteToWAL() protected by log_write_mutex_.
+  //     This can be done by the write group leader if two-write-queues is
+  //     enabled. It can also be done by another WAL-only write thread.
+  //
+  // Other observations:
   //  - back() and items with getting_synced=true are not popped,
   //  - The same thread that sets getting_synced=true will reset it.
   //  - it follows that the object referred by back() can be safely read from
-  //  the write_thread_ without using mutex
+  //  the write_thread_ without using mutex. Note that calling back() without
+  //  mutex may be unsafe because different implementations of deque::back() may
+  //  access other member variables of deque, causing undefined behaviors.
+  //  Generally, do not access stl containers without proper synchronization.
   //  - it follows that the items with getting_synced=true can be safely read
   //  from the same thread that has set getting_synced=true
   std::deque<LogWriterNumber> logs_;
+
   // Signaled when getting_synced becomes false for some of the logs_.
   InstrumentedCondVar log_sync_cv_;
   // This is the app-level state that is written to the WAL but will be used
@@ -2356,7 +2435,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   std::atomic<uint64_t> total_log_size_;
 
   // If this is non-empty, we need to delete these log files in background
-  // threads. Protected by db mutex.
+  // threads. Protected by log_write_mutex_.
   autovector<log::Writer*> logs_to_free_;
 
   bool is_snapshot_supported_;
@@ -2436,10 +2515,13 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   // JobContext. Current implementation tracks table and blob files only.
   std::unordered_set<uint64_t> files_grabbed_for_purge_;
 
-  // A queue to store log writers to close
+  // A queue to store log writers to close. Protected by db mutex_.
   std::deque<log::Writer*> logs_to_free_queue_;
+
   std::deque<SuperVersion*> superversions_to_free_queue_;
+
   int unscheduled_flushes_;
+
   int unscheduled_compactions_;
 
   // count how many background compactions are running or have been scheduled in
@@ -2592,6 +2674,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
   InstrumentedCondVar atomic_flush_install_cv_;
 
   bool wal_in_db_path_;
+  std::atomic<uint64_t> max_total_wal_size_;
 
   BlobFileCompletionCallback blob_callback_;
 

db/db_impl/db_impl_compaction_flush.cc

@@ -82,9 +82,10 @@ bool DBImpl::RequestCompactionToken(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, bool force,
   return false;
 }
 
-IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs(JobContext* job_context) {
+IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs(JobContext* job_context,
+                                VersionEdit* synced_wals) {
   TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start");
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
+  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
   autovector<log::Writer*, 1> logs_to_sync;
   uint64_t current_log_number = logfile_number_;
   while (logs_.front().number < current_log_number &&
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs(JobContext* job_context) {
 
   IOStatus io_s;
   if (!logs_to_sync.empty()) {
-    mutex_.Unlock();
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
 
     assert(job_context);
 
@@ -128,12 +129,12 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs(JobContext* job_context) {
 
     TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:BeforeReLock",
                              /*arg=*/nullptr);
-    mutex_.Lock();
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
 
     // "number <= current_log_number - 1" is equivalent to
     // "number < current_log_number".
     if (io_s.ok()) {
-      io_s = status_to_io_status(MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number - 1, true));
+      MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number - 1, true, synced_wals);
     } else {
       MarkLogsNotSynced(current_log_number - 1);
     }
@@ -220,8 +221,16 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
   bool need_cancel = false;
   IOStatus log_io_s = IOStatus::OK();
   if (needs_to_sync_closed_wals) {
-    // SyncClosedLogs() may unlock and re-lock the db_mutex.
-    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(job_context);
+    // SyncClosedLogs() may unlock and re-lock the log_write_mutex multiple
+    // times.
+    VersionEdit synced_wals;
+    mutex_.Unlock();
+    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(job_context, &synced_wals);
+    mutex_.Lock();
+    if (log_io_s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+      log_io_s = status_to_io_status(ApplyWALToManifest(&synced_wals));
+    }
+
     if (!log_io_s.ok() && !log_io_s.IsShutdownInProgress() &&
         !log_io_s.IsColumnFamilyDropped()) {
       error_handler_.SetBGError(log_io_s, BackgroundErrorReason::kFlush);
@@ -474,7 +483,14 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTablesToOutputFiles(
   if (logfile_number_ > 0) {
     // TODO (yanqin) investigate whether we should sync the closed logs for
     // single column family case.
-    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(job_context);
+    VersionEdit synced_wals;
+    mutex_.Unlock();
+    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(job_context, &synced_wals);
+    mutex_.Lock();
+    if (log_io_s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+      log_io_s = status_to_io_status(ApplyWALToManifest(&synced_wals));
+    }
+
     if (!log_io_s.ok() && !log_io_s.IsShutdownInProgress() &&
         !log_io_s.IsColumnFamilyDropped()) {
       if (total_log_size_ > 0) {

db/db_impl/db_impl_debug.cc

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ void DBImpl::TEST_EndWrite(void* w) {
 }
 
 size_t DBImpl::TEST_LogsToFreeSize() {
-  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
   return logs_to_free_.size();
 }
 

db/db_impl/db_impl_files.cc

@@ -271,6 +271,15 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
 
   // logs_ is empty when called during recovery, in which case there can't yet
   // be any tracked obsolete logs
+  log_write_mutex_.Lock();
+
+  if (alive_log_files_.empty() || logs_.empty()) {
+    mutex_.AssertHeld();
+    // We may reach here if the db is DBImplSecondary
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (!alive_log_files_.empty() && !logs_.empty()) {
     uint64_t min_log_number = job_context->log_number;
     size_t num_alive_log_files = alive_log_files_.size();
@@ -292,17 +301,15 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
       }
       job_context->size_log_to_delete += earliest.size;
       total_log_size_ -= earliest.size;
-      if (two_write_queues_) {
-        log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-      }
       alive_log_files_.pop_front();
-      if (two_write_queues_) {
-        log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-      }
+
       // Current log should always stay alive since it can't have
       // number < MinLogNumber().
       assert(alive_log_files_.size());
     }
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+    mutex_.Unlock();
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
     while (!logs_.empty() && logs_.front().number < min_log_number) {
       auto& log = logs_.front();
       if (log.IsSyncing()) {
@@ -311,11 +318,8 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
         continue;
       }
       logs_to_free_.push_back(log.ReleaseWriter());
-      {
-        InstrumentedMutexLock wl(&log_write_mutex_);
       logs_.pop_front();
     }
-    }
     // Current log cannot be obsolete.
     assert(!logs_.empty());
   }
@@ -323,23 +327,13 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
   // We're just cleaning up for DB::Write().
   assert(job_context->logs_to_free.empty());
   job_context->logs_to_free = logs_to_free_;
+
+  logs_to_free_.clear();
+  log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+  mutex_.Lock();
   job_context->log_recycle_files.assign(log_recycle_files_.begin(),
                                         log_recycle_files_.end());
-  logs_to_free_.clear();
-}
-
-namespace {
-bool CompareCandidateFile(const JobContext::CandidateFileInfo& first,
-                          const JobContext::CandidateFileInfo& second) {
-  if (first.file_name > second.file_name) {
-    return true;
-  } else if (first.file_name < second.file_name) {
-    return false;
-  } else {
-    return (first.file_path > second.file_path);
 }
-}
-}  // namespace
 
 // Delete obsolete files and log status and information of file deletion
 void DBImpl::DeleteObsoleteFileImpl(int job_id, const std::string& fname,
@@ -445,7 +439,16 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
   // dedup state.candidate_files so we don't try to delete the same
   // file twice
   std::sort(candidate_files.begin(), candidate_files.end(),
-            CompareCandidateFile);
+            [](const JobContext::CandidateFileInfo& lhs,
+               const JobContext::CandidateFileInfo& rhs) {
+              if (lhs.file_name > rhs.file_name) {
+                return true;
+              } else if (lhs.file_name < rhs.file_name) {
+                return false;
+              } else {
+                return (lhs.file_path > rhs.file_path);
+              }
+            });
   candidate_files.erase(
       std::unique(candidate_files.begin(), candidate_files.end()),
       candidate_files.end());

db/db_impl/db_impl_open.cc

@@ -1459,9 +1459,6 @@ Status DBImpl::RestoreAliveLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& wal_numbers) {
   Status s;
   mutex_.AssertHeld();
   assert(immutable_db_options_.avoid_flush_during_recovery);
-  if (two_write_queues_) {
-    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-  }
   // Mark these as alive so they'll be considered for deletion later by
   // FindObsoleteFiles()
   total_log_size_ = 0;
@@ -1486,9 +1483,6 @@ Status DBImpl::RestoreAliveLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& wal_numbers) {
     total_log_size_ += log.size;
     alive_log_files_.push_back(log);
   }
-  if (two_write_queues_) {
-    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-  }
   return s;
 }
 
@@ -1871,16 +1865,8 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
     }
 
     if (s.ok()) {
-      if (impl->two_write_queues_) {
-        impl->log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-      }
       impl->alive_log_files_.push_back(
           DBImpl::LogFileNumberSize(impl->logfile_number_));
-      if (impl->two_write_queues_) {
-        impl->log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-      }
-    }
-    if (s.ok()) {
       // In WritePrepared there could be gap in sequence numbers. This breaks
       // the trick we use in kPointInTimeRecovery which assumes the first seq in
       // the log right after the corrupted log is one larger than the last seq

db/db_impl/db_impl_write.cc

@@ -349,14 +349,11 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
   // when it finds suitable, and finish them in the same write batch.
   // This is how a write job could be done by the other writer.
   WriteContext write_context;
+  LogContext log_context(write_options.sync);
   WriteThread::WriteGroup write_group;
   bool in_parallel_group = false;
   uint64_t last_sequence = kMaxSequenceNumber;
 
-  mutex_.Lock();
-
-  bool need_log_sync = write_options.sync;
-  bool need_log_dir_sync = need_log_sync && !log_dir_synced_;
   assert(!two_write_queues_ || !disable_memtable);
   {
     // With concurrent writes we do preprocess only in the write thread that
@@ -366,7 +363,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     // PreprocessWrite does its own perf timing.
     PERF_TIMER_STOP(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
 
-    status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &need_log_sync, &write_context);
+    status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &log_context, &write_context);
     if (!two_write_queues_) {
       // Assign it after ::PreprocessWrite since the sequence might advance
       // inside it by WriteRecoverableState
@@ -376,13 +373,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     PERF_TIMER_START(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
   }
 
-  log::Writer* log_writer = logs_.back().writer;
-  LogFileNumberSize& log_file_number_size = alive_log_files_.back();
-
-  assert(log_writer->get_log_number() == log_file_number_size.number);
-
-  mutex_.Unlock();
-
   // Add to log and apply to memtable.  We can release the lock
   // during this phase since &w is currently responsible for logging
   // and protects against concurrent loggers and concurrent writes
@@ -477,10 +467,14 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
 
     if (!two_write_queues_) {
       if (status.ok() && !write_options.disableWAL) {
+        assert(log_context.log_file_number_size);
+        LogFileNumberSize& log_file_number_size =
+            *(log_context.log_file_number_size);
         PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_wal_time);
-        io_s = WriteToWAL(write_group, log_writer, log_used, need_log_sync,
-                          need_log_dir_sync, last_sequence + 1,
-                          log_file_number_size);
+        io_s =
+            WriteToWAL(write_group, log_context.writer, log_used,
+                       log_context.need_log_sync, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
+                       last_sequence + 1, log_file_number_size);
       }
     } else {
       if (status.ok() && !write_options.disableWAL) {
@@ -582,14 +576,21 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     assert(pre_release_cb_status.ok());
   }
 
-  if (need_log_sync) {
-    mutex_.Lock();
+  if (log_context.need_log_sync) {
+    VersionEdit synced_wals;
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
     if (status.ok()) {
-      status = MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, need_log_dir_sync);
+      MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
+                     &synced_wals);
     } else {
       MarkLogsNotSynced(logfile_number_);
     }
-    mutex_.Unlock();
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+    if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      status = ApplyWALToManifest(&synced_wals);
+    }
+
     // Requesting sync with two_write_queues_ is expected to be very rare. We
     // hence provide a simple implementation that is not necessarily efficient.
     if (two_write_queues_) {
@@ -652,19 +653,11 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     if (w.callback && !w.callback->AllowWriteBatching()) {
       write_thread_.WaitForMemTableWriters();
     }
-    mutex_.Lock();
-    bool need_log_sync = !write_options.disableWAL && write_options.sync;
-    bool need_log_dir_sync = need_log_sync && !log_dir_synced_;
+    LogContext log_context(!write_options.disableWAL && write_options.sync);
     // PreprocessWrite does its own perf timing.
     PERF_TIMER_STOP(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
-    w.status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &need_log_sync, &write_context);
+    w.status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &log_context, &write_context);
     PERF_TIMER_START(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
-    log::Writer* log_writer = logs_.back().writer;
-    LogFileNumberSize& log_file_number_size = alive_log_files_.back();
-
-    assert(log_writer->get_log_number() == log_file_number_size.number);
-
-    mutex_.Unlock();
 
     // This can set non-OK status if callback fail.
     last_batch_group_size_ =
@@ -727,9 +720,13 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                           wal_write_group.size - 1);
         RecordTick(stats_, WRITE_DONE_BY_OTHER, wal_write_group.size - 1);
       }
+      assert(log_context.log_file_number_size);
+      LogFileNumberSize& log_file_number_size =
+          *(log_context.log_file_number_size);
       io_s =
-          WriteToWAL(wal_write_group, log_writer, log_used, need_log_sync,
-                     need_log_dir_sync, current_sequence, log_file_number_size);
+          WriteToWAL(wal_write_group, log_context.writer, log_used,
+                     log_context.need_log_sync, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
+                     current_sequence, log_file_number_size);
       w.status = io_s;
     }
 
@@ -740,16 +737,20 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
       WriteStatusCheck(w.status);
     }
 
-    if (need_log_sync) {
-      mutex_.Lock();
+    VersionEdit synced_wals;
+    if (log_context.need_log_sync) {
+      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
       if (w.status.ok()) {
-        w.status = MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, need_log_dir_sync);
+        MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
+                       &synced_wals);
       } else {
         MarkLogsNotSynced(logfile_number_);
       }
-      mutex_.Unlock();
     }
-
+    if (w.status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      w.status = ApplyWALToManifest(&synced_wals);
+    }
     write_thread_.ExitAsBatchGroupLeader(wal_write_group, w.status);
   }
 
@@ -893,9 +894,8 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
     // TODO(myabandeh): Make preliminary checks thread-safe so we could do them
     // without paying the cost of obtaining the mutex.
     if (status.ok()) {
-      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      bool need_log_sync = false;
-      status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &need_log_sync, &write_context);
+      LogContext log_context;
+      status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &log_context, &write_context);
       WriteStatusCheckOnLocked(status);
     }
     if (!status.ok()) {
@@ -1057,9 +1057,8 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
 void DBImpl::WriteStatusCheckOnLocked(const Status& status) {
   // Is setting bg_error_ enough here?  This will at least stop
   // compaction and fail any further writes.
-  // Caller must hold mutex_.
+  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
   assert(!status.IsIOFenced() || !error_handler_.GetBGError().ok());
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
   if (immutable_db_options_.paranoid_checks && !status.ok() &&
       !status.IsBusy() && !status.IsIncomplete()) {
     // Maybe change the return status to void?
@@ -1110,13 +1109,13 @@ void DBImpl::MemTableInsertStatusCheck(const Status& status) {
 }
 
 Status DBImpl::PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                               bool* need_log_sync,
+                               LogContext* log_context,
                                WriteContext* write_context) {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  assert(write_context != nullptr && need_log_sync != nullptr);
+  assert(write_context != nullptr && log_context != nullptr);
   Status status;
 
   if (error_handler_.IsDBStopped()) {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
     status = error_handler_.GetBGError();
   }
 
@@ -1124,11 +1123,11 @@ Status DBImpl::PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
 
   if (UNLIKELY(status.ok() && total_log_size_ > GetMaxTotalWalSize())) {
     assert(versions_);
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
     const ColumnFamilySet* const column_families =
         versions_->GetColumnFamilySet();
     assert(column_families);
     size_t num_cfs = column_families->NumberOfColumnFamilies();
-
     assert(num_cfs >= 1);
     if (num_cfs > 1) {
       WaitForPendingWrites();
@@ -1142,15 +1141,18 @@ Status DBImpl::PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     // thread is writing to another DB with the same write buffer, they may also
     // be flushed. We may end up with flushing much more DBs than needed. It's
     // suboptimal but still correct.
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
     WaitForPendingWrites();
     status = HandleWriteBufferManagerFlush(write_context);
   }
 
   if (UNLIKELY(status.ok() && !trim_history_scheduler_.Empty())) {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
     status = TrimMemtableHistory(write_context);
   }
 
   if (UNLIKELY(status.ok() && !flush_scheduler_.Empty())) {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
     WaitForPendingWrites();
     status = ScheduleFlushes(write_context);
   }
@@ -1166,6 +1168,7 @@ Status DBImpl::PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     // for previous one. It might create a fairness issue that expiration
     // might happen for smaller writes but larger writes can go through.
     // Can optimize it if it is an issue.
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
     status = DelayWrite(last_batch_group_size_, write_options);
     PERF_TIMER_START(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
   }
@@ -1180,11 +1183,12 @@ Status DBImpl::PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
     if (write_options.no_slowdown) {
       status = Status::Incomplete("Write stall");
     } else {
+      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
       WriteBufferManagerStallWrites();
     }
   }
-
-  if (status.ok() && *need_log_sync) {
+  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
+  if (status.ok() && log_context->need_log_sync) {
     // Wait until the parallel syncs are finished. Any sync process has to sync
     // the front log too so it is enough to check the status of front()
     // We do a while loop since log_sync_cv_ is signalled when any sync is
@@ -1204,8 +1208,12 @@ Status DBImpl::PreprocessWrite(const WriteOptions& write_options,
       log.PrepareForSync();
     }
   } else {
-    *need_log_sync = false;
+    log_context->need_log_sync = false;
   }
+  log_context->writer = logs_.back().writer;
+  log_context->need_log_dir_sync =
+      log_context->need_log_dir_sync && !log_dir_synced_;
+  log_context->log_file_number_size = std::addressof(alive_log_files_.back());
 
   return status;
 }
@@ -1714,10 +1722,12 @@ Status DBImpl::HandleWriteBufferManagerFlush(WriteContext* write_context) {
 }
 
 uint64_t DBImpl::GetMaxTotalWalSize() const {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  return mutable_db_options_.max_total_wal_size == 0
-             ? 4 * max_total_in_memory_state_
-             : mutable_db_options_.max_total_wal_size;
+  uint64_t max_total_wal_size =
+      max_total_wal_size_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+  if (max_total_wal_size > 0) {
+    return max_total_wal_size;
+  }
+  return 4 * max_total_in_memory_state_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
 }
 
 // REQUIRES: mutex_ is held
@@ -2065,7 +2075,7 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
     log_recycle_files_.pop_front();
   }
   if (s.ok() && creating_new_log) {
-    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
     assert(new_log != nullptr);
     if (!logs_.empty()) {
       // Alway flush the buffer of the last log before switching to a new one
@@ -2089,7 +2099,6 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
       logs_.emplace_back(logfile_number_, new_log);
       alive_log_files_.push_back(LogFileNumberSize(logfile_number_));
     }
-    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
   }
 
   if (!s.ok()) {

db/error_handler.cc

@@ -358,6 +358,9 @@ const Status& ErrorHandler::HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
       RecoverFromNoSpace();
     }
   }
+  if (bg_error_.severity() >= Status::Severity::kHardError) {
+    is_db_stopped_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+  }
   return bg_error_;
 }
 
@@ -736,6 +739,7 @@ void ErrorHandler::RecoverFromRetryableBGIOError() {
         // the bg_error and notify user.
         TEST_SYNC_POINT("RecoverFromRetryableBGIOError:RecoverSuccess");
         Status old_bg_error = bg_error_;
+        is_db_stopped_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
         bg_error_ = Status::OK();
         bg_error_.PermitUncheckedError();
         EventHelpers::NotifyOnErrorRecoveryEnd(
@@ -792,6 +796,9 @@ void ErrorHandler::CheckAndSetRecoveryAndBGError(const Status& bg_err) {
   if (bg_err.severity() > bg_error_.severity()) {
     bg_error_ = bg_err;
   }
+  if (bg_error_.severity() >= Status::Severity::kHardError) {
+    is_db_stopped_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+  }
   return;
 }
 

db/error_handler.h

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class ErrorHandler {
          auto_recovery_(false),
          recovery_in_prog_(false),
          soft_error_no_bg_work_(false),
+         is_db_stopped_(false),
          bg_error_stats_(db_options.statistics) {
      // Clear the checked flag for uninitialized errors
      bg_error_.PermitUncheckedError();
@@ -59,12 +60,11 @@ class ErrorHandler {
 
    Status ClearBGError();
 
-   bool IsDBStopped() {
-     return !bg_error_.ok() &&
-            bg_error_.severity() >= Status::Severity::kHardError;
-    }
+   bool IsDBStopped() { return is_db_stopped_.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
 
    bool IsBGWorkStopped() {
+     assert(db_mutex_);
+     db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
      return !bg_error_.ok() &&
             (bg_error_.severity() >= Status::Severity::kHardError ||
              !auto_recovery_ || soft_error_no_bg_work_);
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ class ErrorHandler {
 
     // Used to store the context for recover, such as flush reason.
     DBRecoverContext recover_context_;
+    std::atomic<bool> is_db_stopped_;
 
     // The pointer of DB statistics.
     std::shared_ptr<Statistics> bg_error_stats_;

db/perf_context_test.cc

@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ void ProfileQueries(bool enabled_time = false) {
     EXPECT_GT(hist_write_scheduling_time.Average(), 0);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    ASSERT_GT(total_db_mutex_nanos, 2000U);
+    ASSERT_LT(total_db_mutex_nanos, 100U);
 #endif
   }
 

db/version_set_test.cc

@@ -1978,6 +1978,7 @@ TEST_F(VersionSetTest, WalCreateAfterClose) {
 
 TEST_F(VersionSetTest, AddWalWithSmallerSize) {
   NewDB();
+  assert(versions_);
 
   constexpr WalNumber kLogNumber = 10;
   constexpr uint64_t kSizeInBytes = 111;
@@ -1990,6 +1991,9 @@ TEST_F(VersionSetTest, AddWalWithSmallerSize) {
 
     ASSERT_OK(LogAndApplyToDefaultCF(edit));
   }
+  // Copy for future comparison.
+  const std::map<WalNumber, WalMetadata> wals1 =
+      versions_->GetWalSet().GetWals();
 
   {
     // Add the same WAL with smaller synced size.
@@ -1998,13 +2002,11 @@ TEST_F(VersionSetTest, AddWalWithSmallerSize) {
     edit.AddWal(kLogNumber, wal);
 
     Status s = LogAndApplyToDefaultCF(edit);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(
-        s.ToString().find(
-            "WAL 10 must not have smaller synced size than previous one") !=
-        std::string::npos)
-        << s.ToString();
+    ASSERT_OK(s);
   }
+  const std::map<WalNumber, WalMetadata> wals2 =
+      versions_->GetWalSet().GetWals();
+  ASSERT_EQ(wals1, wals2);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VersionSetTest, DeleteWalsBeforeNonExistingWalNumber) {

db/wal_edit.cc

@@ -112,26 +112,33 @@ Status WalSet::AddWal(const WalAddition& wal) {
 
   auto it = wals_.lower_bound(wal.GetLogNumber());
   bool existing = it != wals_.end() && it->first == wal.GetLogNumber();
-  if (existing && !wal.GetMetadata().HasSyncedSize()) {
+
+  if (!existing) {
+    wals_.insert(it, {wal.GetLogNumber(), wal.GetMetadata()});
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  assert(existing);
+  if (!wal.GetMetadata().HasSyncedSize()) {
     std::stringstream ss;
     ss << "WAL " << wal.GetLogNumber() << " is created more than once";
     return Status::Corruption("WalSet::AddWal", ss.str());
   }
-  // If the WAL has synced size, it must >= the previous size.
-  if (wal.GetMetadata().HasSyncedSize() && existing &&
-      it->second.HasSyncedSize() &&
-      wal.GetMetadata().GetSyncedSizeInBytes() <
+
+  assert(wal.GetMetadata().HasSyncedSize());
+  if (it->second.HasSyncedSize() && wal.GetMetadata().GetSyncedSizeInBytes() <=
                                         it->second.GetSyncedSizeInBytes()) {
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    ss << "WAL " << wal.GetLogNumber()
-       << " must not have smaller synced size than previous one";
-    return Status::Corruption("WalSet::AddWal", ss.str());
+    // This is possible because version edits with different synced WAL sizes
+    // for the same WAL can be committed out-of-order. For example, thread
+    // 1 synces the first 10 bytes of 1.log, while thread 2 synces the first 20
+    // bytes of 1.log. It's possible that thread 1 calls LogAndApply() after
+    // thread 2.
+    // In this case, just return ok.
+    return Status::OK();
   }
-  if (existing) {
+
+  // Update synced size for the given WAL.
   it->second.SetSyncedSizeInBytes(wal.GetMetadata().GetSyncedSizeInBytes());
-  } else {
-    wals_.insert(it, {wal.GetLogNumber(), wal.GetMetadata()});
-  }
   return Status::OK();
 }
 

db/wal_edit.h

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ class WalMetadata {
   uint64_t GetSyncedSizeInBytes() const { return synced_size_bytes_; }
 
  private:
+  friend bool operator==(const WalMetadata& lhs, const WalMetadata& rhs);
+  friend bool operator!=(const WalMetadata& lhs, const WalMetadata& rhs);
   // The size of WAL is unknown, used when the WAL is not synced yet or is
   // empty.
   constexpr static uint64_t kUnknownWalSize =
@@ -51,6 +53,14 @@ class WalMetadata {
   uint64_t synced_size_bytes_ = kUnknownWalSize;
 };
 
+inline bool operator==(const WalMetadata& lhs, const WalMetadata& rhs) {
+  return lhs.synced_size_bytes_ == rhs.synced_size_bytes_;
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(const WalMetadata& lhs, const WalMetadata& rhs) {
+  return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
 // These tags are persisted to MANIFEST, so it's part of the user API.
 enum class WalAdditionTag : uint32_t {
   // Indicates that there are no more tags.

db/wal_edit_test.cc

@@ -54,12 +54,11 @@ TEST(WalSet, SmallerSyncedSize) {
   constexpr uint64_t kBytes = 100;
   WalSet wals;
   ASSERT_OK(wals.AddWal(WalAddition(kNumber, WalMetadata(kBytes))));
+  const auto wals1 = wals.GetWals();
   Status s = wals.AddWal(WalAddition(kNumber, WalMetadata(0)));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      s.ToString().find(
-          "WAL 100 must not have smaller synced size than previous one") !=
-      std::string::npos);
+  const auto wals2 = wals.GetWals();
+  ASSERT_OK(s);
+  ASSERT_EQ(wals1, wals2);
 }
 
 TEST(WalSet, CreateTwice) {

utilities/backup/backup_engine_test.cc

@@ -1115,7 +1115,8 @@ TEST_P(BackupEngineTestWithParam, OfflineIntegrationTest) {
       destroy_data = false;
       // kAutoFlushOnly to preserve legacy test behavior (consider updating)
       FillDB(db_.get(), keys_iteration * i, fill_up_to, kAutoFlushOnly);
-      ASSERT_OK(backup_engine_->CreateNewBackup(db_.get(), iter == 0));
+      ASSERT_OK(backup_engine_->CreateNewBackup(db_.get(), iter == 0))
+          << "iter: " << iter << ", idx: " << i;
       CloseDBAndBackupEngine();
       DestroyDB(dbname_, options_);