Protect existing files in `FaultInjectionTest{Env,FS}::ReopenWritableFile()` (#8995)

Summary:
`FaultInjectionTest{Env,FS}::ReopenWritableFile()` functions were accidentally deleting WALs from previous `db_stress` runs causing verification to fail. They were operating under the assumption that `ReopenWritableFile()` would delete any existing file. It was a reasonable assumption considering the `{Env,FileSystem}::ReopenWritableFile()` documentation stated that would happen. The only problem was neither the implementations we offer nor the "real" clients in RocksDB code followed that contract. So, this PR updates the contract as well as fixing the fault injection client usage.

The fault injection change exposed that `ExternalSSTFileBasicTest.SyncFailure` was relying on a fault injection `Env` dropping unsynced data written by a regular `Env`. I changed that test to make its `SstFileWriter` use fault injection `Env`, and also implemented `LinkFile()` in fault injection so the unsynced data is tracked under the new name.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8995

Test Plan:
- Verified it fixes the following failure:

```
$ ./db_stress --clear_column_family_one_in=0 --column_families=1 --db=/dev/shm/rocksdb_crashtest_whitebox --delpercent=5 --expected_values_dir=/dev/shm/rocksdb_crashtest_expected --iterpercent=0 --key_len_percent_dist=1,30,69 --max_key=100000 --max_key_len=3 --nooverwritepercent=1 --ops_per_thread=1000 --prefixpercent=0 --readpercent=60 --reopen=0 --target_file_size_base=1048576 --test_batches_snapshots=0 --write_buffer_size=1048576 --writepercent=35 --value_size_mult=33 -threads=1
...
$ ./db_stress --avoid_flush_during_recovery=1 --clear_column_family_one_in=0 --column_families=1 --db=/dev/shm/rocksdb_crashtest_whitebox --delpercent=5 --destroy_db_initially=0 --expected_values_dir=/dev/shm/rocksdb_crashtest_expected --iterpercent=10 --key_len_percent_dist=1,30,69 --max_bytes_for_level_base=4194304 --max_key=100000 --max_key_len=3 --nooverwritepercent=1 --open_files=-1 --open_metadata_write_fault_one_in=8 --open_write_fault_one_in=16 --ops_per_thread=1000 --prefix_size=-1 --prefixpercent=0 --readpercent=50 --sync=1 --target_file_size_base=1048576 --test_batches_snapshots=0 --write_buffer_size=1048576 --writepercent=35 --value_size_mult=33 -threads=1
...
Verification failed for column family 0 key 000000000000001300000000000000857878787878 (1143): Value not found: NotFound:
Crash-recovery verification failed :(
...
```

- `make check -j48`

Reviewed By: ltamasi

Differential Revision: D31495388

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 7886ccb6a07cb8b78ad7b6c1c341ccf40bb68385

HISTORY.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 * Fixes a bug in directed IO mode when calling MultiGet() for blobs in the same blob file. The bug is caused by not sorting the blob read requests by file offsets.
 * Fix the incorrect disabling of SST rate limited deletion when the WAL and DB are in different directories. Only WAL rate limited deletion should be disabled if its in a different directory.
 * Fix `DisableManualCompaction()` to cancel compactions even when they are waiting on automatic compactions to drain due to `CompactRangeOptions::exclusive_manual_compactions == true`.
+* Fix contract of `Env::ReopenWritableFile()` and `FileSystem::ReopenWritableFile()` to specify any existing file must not be deleted or truncated.
 
 ### New Features
 * Print information about blob files when using "ldb list_live_files_metadata"

db/external_sst_file_basic_test.cc

@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ TEST_F(ExternalSSTFileBasicTest, SyncFailure) {
     }
 
     Options sst_file_writer_options;
-    sst_file_writer_options.env = env_;
+    sst_file_writer_options.env = fault_injection_test_env_.get();
     std::unique_ptr<SstFileWriter> sst_file_writer(
         new SstFileWriter(EnvOptions(), sst_file_writer_options));
     std::string file_name =

db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc

@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ static bool ValidateUint32Range(const char* flagname, uint64_t value) {
   return true;
 }
 
-DEFINE_uint64(seed, 2341234, "Seed for PRNG");
+DEFINE_uint64(seed, 2341234,
+              "Seed for PRNG. When --nooverwritepercent is "
+              "nonzero and --expected_values_dir is nonempty, this value "
+              "must be fixed across invocations.");
 static const bool FLAGS_seed_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
     RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_seed, &ValidateUint32Range);
 
@@ -453,7 +456,8 @@ DEFINE_string(
     "provided and non-empty, the DB state will be verified against these "
     "values after recovery. --max_key and --column_family must be kept the "
     "same across invocations of this program that use the same "
-    "--expected_values_dir.");
+    "--expected_values_dir. See --seed and --nooverwritepercent for further "
+    "requirements.");
 
 DEFINE_bool(verify_checksum, false,
             "Verify checksum for every block read from storage");
@@ -644,7 +648,8 @@ static const bool FLAGS_delrangepercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
 
 DEFINE_int32(nooverwritepercent, 60,
              "Ratio of keys without overwrite to total workload (expressed as "
-             " a percentage)");
+             "a percentage). When --expected_values_dir is nonempty, must "
+             "keep this value constant across invocations.");
 static const bool FLAGS_nooverwritepercent_dummy __attribute__((__unused__)) =
     RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_nooverwritepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
 

include/rocksdb/env.h

@@ -266,11 +266,12 @@ class Env {
                                  std::unique_ptr<WritableFile>* result,
                                  const EnvOptions& options) = 0;
 
-  // Create an object that writes to a new file with the specified
-  // name.  Deletes any existing file with the same name and creates a
-  // new file.  On success, stores a pointer to the new file in
-  // *result and returns OK.  On failure stores nullptr in *result and
-  // returns non-OK.
+  // Create an object that writes to a file with the specified name.
+  // `WritableFile::Append()`s will append after any existing content.  If the
+  // file does not already exist, creates it.
+  //
+  // On success, stores a pointer to the file in *result and returns OK.  On
+  // failure stores nullptr in *result and returns non-OK.
   //
   // The returned file will only be accessed by one thread at a time.
   virtual Status ReopenWritableFile(const std::string& /*fname*/,

include/rocksdb/file_system.h

@@ -308,11 +308,12 @@ class FileSystem {
                                    std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile>* result,
                                    IODebugContext* dbg) = 0;
 
-  // Create an object that writes to a new file with the specified
-  // name.  Deletes any existing file with the same name and creates a
-  // new file.  On success, stores a pointer to the new file in
-  // *result and returns OK.  On failure stores nullptr in *result and
-  // returns non-OK.
+  // Create an object that writes to a file with the specified name.
+  // `FSWritableFile::Append()`s will append after any existing content.  If the
+  // file does not already exist, creates it.
+  //
+  // On success, stores a pointer to the file in *result and returns OK.  On
+  // failure stores nullptr in *result and returns non-OK.
   //
   // The returned file will only be accessed by one thread at a time.
   virtual IOStatus ReopenWritableFile(

tools/db_crashtest.py

@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ default_params = {
     "max_key": 100000000,
     "max_write_buffer_number": 3,
     "mmap_read": lambda: random.randint(0, 1),
+    # Setting `nooverwritepercent > 0` is only possible because we do not vary
+    # the random seed, so the same keys are chosen by every run for disallowing
+    # overwrites.
     "nooverwritepercent": 1,
     "open_files": lambda : random.choice([-1, -1, 100, 500000]),
     "optimize_filters_for_memory": lambda: random.randint(0, 1),

utilities/fault_injection_env.cc

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Status FaultInjectionTestEnv::NewWritableFile(
     // again then it will be truncated - so forget our saved state.
     UntrackFile(fname);
     MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-    open_files_.insert(fname);
+    open_managed_files_.insert(fname);
     auto dir_and_name = GetDirAndName(fname);
     auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
     list.insert(dir_and_name.second);
@@ -302,17 +302,49 @@ Status FaultInjectionTestEnv::ReopenWritableFile(
   if (!IsFilesystemActive()) {
     return GetError();
   }
-  Status s = target()->ReopenWritableFile(fname, result, soptions);
+
+  bool exists;
+  Status s, exists_s = target()->FileExists(fname);
+  if (exists_s.IsNotFound()) {
+    exists = false;
+  } else if (exists_s.ok()) {
+    exists = true;
+  } else {
+    s = exists_s;
+    exists = false;
+  }
+
   if (s.ok()) {
-    result->reset(new TestWritableFile(fname, std::move(*result), this));
-    // WritableFileWriter* file is opened
-    // again then it will be truncated - so forget our saved state.
-    UntrackFile(fname);
-    MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-    open_files_.insert(fname);
-    auto dir_and_name = GetDirAndName(fname);
-    auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
-    list.insert(dir_and_name.second);
+    s = target()->ReopenWritableFile(fname, result, soptions);
+  }
+
+  // Only track files we created. Files created outside of this
+  // `FaultInjectionTestEnv` are not eligible for tracking/data dropping
+  // (for example, they may contain data a previous db_stress run expects to
+  // be recovered). This could be extended to track/drop data appended once
+  // the file is under `FaultInjectionTestEnv`'s control.
+  if (s.ok()) {
+    bool should_track;
+    {
+      MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      if (db_file_state_.find(fname) != db_file_state_.end()) {
+        // It was written by this `Env` earlier.
+        assert(exists);
+        should_track = true;
+      } else if (!exists) {
+        // It was created by this `Env` just now.
+        should_track = true;
+        open_managed_files_.insert(fname);
+        auto dir_and_name = GetDirAndName(fname);
+        auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
+        list.insert(dir_and_name.second);
+      } else {
+        should_track = false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (should_track) {
+      result->reset(new TestWritableFile(fname, std::move(*result), this));
+    }
   }
   return s;
 }
@@ -330,7 +362,7 @@ Status FaultInjectionTestEnv::NewRandomRWFile(
     // again then it will be truncated - so forget our saved state.
     UntrackFile(fname);
     MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-    open_files_.insert(fname);
+    open_managed_files_.insert(fname);
     auto dir_and_name = GetDirAndName(fname);
     auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
     list.insert(dir_and_name.second);
@@ -394,17 +426,43 @@ Status FaultInjectionTestEnv::RenameFile(const std::string& s,
   return ret;
 }
 
+Status FaultInjectionTestEnv::LinkFile(const std::string& s,
+                                       const std::string& t) {
+  if (!IsFilesystemActive()) {
+    return GetError();
+  }
+  Status ret = EnvWrapper::LinkFile(s, t);
+
+  if (ret.ok()) {
+    MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+    if (db_file_state_.find(s) != db_file_state_.end()) {
+      db_file_state_[t] = db_file_state_[s];
+    }
+
+    auto sdn = GetDirAndName(s);
+    auto tdn = GetDirAndName(t);
+    if (dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[sdn.first].find(sdn.second) !=
+        dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[sdn.first].end()) {
+      auto& tlist = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[tdn.first];
+      assert(tlist.find(tdn.second) == tlist.end());
+      tlist.insert(tdn.second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 void FaultInjectionTestEnv::WritableFileClosed(const FileState& state) {
   MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  if (open_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_files_.end()) {
+  if (open_managed_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_managed_files_.end()) {
     db_file_state_[state.filename_] = state;
-    open_files_.erase(state.filename_);
+    open_managed_files_.erase(state.filename_);
   }
 }
 
 void FaultInjectionTestEnv::WritableFileSynced(const FileState& state) {
   MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  if (open_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_files_.end()) {
+  if (open_managed_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_managed_files_.end()) {
     if (db_file_state_.find(state.filename_) == db_file_state_.end()) {
       db_file_state_.insert(std::make_pair(state.filename_, state));
     } else {
@@ -415,7 +473,7 @@ void FaultInjectionTestEnv::WritableFileSynced(const FileState& state) {
 
 void FaultInjectionTestEnv::WritableFileAppended(const FileState& state) {
   MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  if (open_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_files_.end()) {
+  if (open_managed_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_managed_files_.end()) {
     if (db_file_state_.find(state.filename_) == db_file_state_.end()) {
       db_file_state_.insert(std::make_pair(state.filename_, state));
     } else {
@@ -485,6 +543,6 @@ void FaultInjectionTestEnv::UntrackFile(const std::string& f) {
   dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first].erase(
       dir_and_name.second);
   db_file_state_.erase(f);
-  open_files_.erase(f);
+  open_managed_files_.erase(f);
 }
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

utilities/fault_injection_env.h

@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ class FaultInjectionTestEnv : public EnvWrapper {
   virtual Status RenameFile(const std::string& s,
                             const std::string& t) override;
 
+  virtual Status LinkFile(const std::string& s, const std::string& t) override;
+
 // Undef to eliminate clash on Windows
 #undef GetFreeSpace
   virtual Status GetFreeSpace(const std::string& path,
@@ -237,13 +239,13 @@ class FaultInjectionTestEnv : public EnvWrapper {
     SetFilesystemActiveNoLock(active, error);
     error.PermitUncheckedError();
   }
-  void AssertNoOpenFile() { assert(open_files_.empty()); }
+  void AssertNoOpenFile() { assert(open_managed_files_.empty()); }
   Status GetError() { return error_; }
 
  private:
   port::Mutex mutex_;
   std::map<std::string, FileState> db_file_state_;
-  std::set<std::string> open_files_;
+  std::set<std::string> open_managed_files_;
   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::set<std::string>>
       dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_;
   bool filesystem_active_;  // Record flushes, syncs, writes

utilities/fault_injection_fs.cc

@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ IOStatus FaultInjectionTestFS::NewWritableFile(
     UntrackFile(fname);
     {
       MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      open_files_.insert(fname);
+      open_managed_files_.insert(fname);
       auto dir_and_name = TestFSGetDirAndName(fname);
       auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
       // The new file could overwrite an old one. Here we simplify
@@ -483,19 +483,50 @@ IOStatus FaultInjectionTestFS::ReopenWritableFile(
       return in_s;
     }
   }
-  IOStatus io_s = target()->ReopenWritableFile(fname, file_opts, result, dbg);
+
+  bool exists;
+  IOStatus io_s,
+      exists_s = target()->FileExists(fname, IOOptions(), nullptr /* dbg */);
+  if (exists_s.IsNotFound()) {
+    exists = false;
+  } else if (exists_s.ok()) {
+    exists = true;
+  } else {
+    io_s = exists_s;
+    exists = false;
+  }
+
   if (io_s.ok()) {
-    result->reset(
-        new TestFSWritableFile(fname, file_opts, std::move(*result), this));
-    // WritableFileWriter* file is opened
-    // again then it will be truncated - so forget our saved state.
-    UntrackFile(fname);
+    io_s = target()->ReopenWritableFile(fname, file_opts, result, dbg);
+  }
+
+  // Only track files we created. Files created outside of this
+  // `FaultInjectionTestFS` are not eligible for tracking/data dropping
+  // (for example, they may contain data a previous db_stress run expects to
+  // be recovered). This could be extended to track/drop data appended once
+  // the file is under `FaultInjectionTestFS`'s control.
+  if (io_s.ok()) {
+    bool should_track;
     {
       MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      open_files_.insert(fname);
-      auto dir_and_name = TestFSGetDirAndName(fname);
-      auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
-      list[dir_and_name.second] = kNewFileNoOverwrite;
+      if (db_file_state_.find(fname) != db_file_state_.end()) {
+        // It was written by this `FileSystem` earlier.
+        assert(exists);
+        should_track = true;
+      } else if (!exists) {
+        // It was created by this `FileSystem` just now.
+        should_track = true;
+        open_managed_files_.insert(fname);
+        auto dir_and_name = TestFSGetDirAndName(fname);
+        auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
+        list[dir_and_name.second] = kNewFileNoOverwrite;
+      } else {
+        should_track = false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (should_track) {
+      result->reset(
+          new TestFSWritableFile(fname, file_opts, std::move(*result), this));
     }
     {
       IOStatus in_s = InjectMetadataWriteError();
@@ -530,7 +561,7 @@ IOStatus FaultInjectionTestFS::NewRandomRWFile(
     UntrackFile(fname);
     {
       MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      open_files_.insert(fname);
+      open_managed_files_.insert(fname);
       auto dir_and_name = TestFSGetDirAndName(fname);
       auto& list = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first];
       // It could be overwriting an old file, but we simplify the
@@ -664,17 +695,62 @@ IOStatus FaultInjectionTestFS::RenameFile(const std::string& s,
   return io_s;
 }
 
+IOStatus FaultInjectionTestFS::LinkFile(const std::string& s,
+                                        const std::string& t,
+                                        const IOOptions& options,
+                                        IODebugContext* dbg) {
+  if (!IsFilesystemActive()) {
+    return GetError();
+  }
+  {
+    IOStatus in_s = InjectMetadataWriteError();
+    if (!in_s.ok()) {
+      return in_s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Using the value in `dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_` for the source file
+  // may be a more reasonable choice.
+  std::string previous_contents = kNewFileNoOverwrite;
+
+  IOStatus io_s = FileSystemWrapper::LinkFile(s, t, options, dbg);
+
+  if (io_s.ok()) {
+    {
+      MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      if (db_file_state_.find(s) != db_file_state_.end()) {
+        db_file_state_[t] = db_file_state_[s];
+      }
+
+      auto sdn = TestFSGetDirAndName(s);
+      auto tdn = TestFSGetDirAndName(t);
+      if (dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[sdn.first].find(sdn.second) !=
+          dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[sdn.first].end()) {
+        auto& tlist = dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[tdn.first];
+        assert(tlist.find(tdn.second) == tlist.end());
+        tlist[tdn.second] = previous_contents;
+      }
+    }
+    IOStatus in_s = InjectMetadataWriteError();
+    if (!in_s.ok()) {
+      return in_s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return io_s;
+}
+
 void FaultInjectionTestFS::WritableFileClosed(const FSFileState& state) {
   MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  if (open_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_files_.end()) {
+  if (open_managed_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_managed_files_.end()) {
     db_file_state_[state.filename_] = state;
-    open_files_.erase(state.filename_);
+    open_managed_files_.erase(state.filename_);
   }
 }
 
 void FaultInjectionTestFS::WritableFileSynced(const FSFileState& state) {
   MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  if (open_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_files_.end()) {
+  if (open_managed_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_managed_files_.end()) {
     if (db_file_state_.find(state.filename_) == db_file_state_.end()) {
       db_file_state_.insert(std::make_pair(state.filename_, state));
     } else {
@@ -685,7 +761,7 @@ void FaultInjectionTestFS::WritableFileSynced(const FSFileState& state) {
 
 void FaultInjectionTestFS::WritableFileAppended(const FSFileState& state) {
   MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  if (open_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_files_.end()) {
+  if (open_managed_files_.find(state.filename_) != open_managed_files_.end()) {
     if (db_file_state_.find(state.filename_) == db_file_state_.end()) {
       db_file_state_.insert(std::make_pair(state.filename_, state));
     } else {
@@ -764,7 +840,7 @@ void FaultInjectionTestFS::UntrackFile(const std::string& f) {
   dir_to_new_files_since_last_sync_[dir_and_name.first].erase(
       dir_and_name.second);
   db_file_state_.erase(f);
-  open_files_.erase(f);
+  open_managed_files_.erase(f);
 }
 
 IOStatus FaultInjectionTestFS::InjectThreadSpecificReadError(

utilities/fault_injection_fs.h

@@ -236,6 +236,10 @@ class FaultInjectionTestFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
                               const IOOptions& options,
                               IODebugContext* dbg) override;
 
+  virtual IOStatus LinkFile(const std::string& src, const std::string& target,
+                            const IOOptions& options,
+                            IODebugContext* dbg) override;
+
 // Undef to eliminate clash on Windows
 #undef GetFreeSpace
   virtual IOStatus GetFreeSpace(const std::string& path,
@@ -321,7 +325,7 @@ class FaultInjectionTestFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
     MutexLock l(&mutex_);
     filesystem_writable_ = writable;
   }
-  void AssertNoOpenFile() { assert(open_files_.empty()); }
+  void AssertNoOpenFile() { assert(open_managed_files_.empty()); }
 
   IOStatus GetError() { return error_; }
 
@@ -506,7 +510,7 @@ class FaultInjectionTestFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
  private:
   port::Mutex mutex_;
   std::map<std::string, FSFileState> db_file_state_;
-  std::set<std::string> open_files_;
+  std::set<std::string> open_managed_files_;
   // directory -> (file name -> file contents to recover)
   // When data is recovered from unsyned parent directory, the files with
   // empty file contents to recover is deleted. Those with non-empty ones