chore: apply `fmt` to the whole project

examples/autobahn-client.rs

@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ fn get_case_count() -> Result<u32> {
 
 fn update_reports() -> Result<()> {
     let (mut socket, _) = connect(
-        Url::parse(&format!(
+        Url::parse(&format!("ws://localhost:9001/updateReports?agent={}", AGENT)).unwrap(),
-            "ws://localhost:9001/updateReports?agent={}",
-            AGENT
-        ))
-        .unwrap(),
     )?;
     socket.close(None)?;
     Ok(())
@@ -26,11 +22,8 @@ fn update_reports() -> Result<()> {
 
 fn run_test(case: u32) -> Result<()> {
     info!("Running test case {}", case);
-    let case_url = Url::parse(&format!(
+    let case_url =
-        "ws://localhost:9001/runCase?case={}&agent={}",
+        Url::parse(&format!("ws://localhost:9001/runCase?case={}&agent={}", case, AGENT)).unwrap();
-        case, AGENT
-    ))
-    .unwrap();
     let (mut socket, _) = connect(case_url)?;
     loop {
         match socket.read_message()? {

examples/autobahn-server.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
+use std::{
-use std::thread::spawn;
+    net::{TcpListener, TcpStream},
+    thread::spawn,
+};
 
 use log::*;
-use tungstenite::handshake::HandshakeRole;
+use tungstenite::{accept, handshake::HandshakeRole, Error, HandshakeError, Message, Result};
-use tungstenite::{accept, Error, HandshakeError, Message, Result};
 
 fn must_not_block<Role: HandshakeRole>(err: HandshakeError<Role>) -> Error {
     match err {
@@ -32,12 +33,14 @@ fn main() {
 
     for stream in server.incoming() {
         spawn(move || match stream {
-            Ok(stream) => if let Err(err) = handle_client(stream) {
+            Ok(stream) => {
+                if let Err(err) = handle_client(stream) {
                     match err {
                         Error::ConnectionClosed | Error::Protocol(_) | Error::Utf8 => (),
                         e => error!("test: {}", e),
                     }
-            },
+                }
+            }
             Err(e) => error!("Error accepting stream: {}", e),
         });
     }

examples/callback-error.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-use std::net::TcpListener;
+use std::{net::TcpListener, thread::spawn};
-use std::thread::spawn;
 
-use tungstenite::accept_hdr;
+use tungstenite::{
-use tungstenite::handshake::server::{Request, Response};
+    accept_hdr,
-use tungstenite::http::StatusCode;
+    handshake::server::{Request, Response},
+    http::StatusCode,
+};
 
 fn main() {
     let server = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:3012").unwrap();

examples/client.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ fn main() {
         println!("* {}", header);
     }
 
-    socket
+    socket.write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into())).unwrap();
-        .write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into()))
-        .unwrap();
     loop {
         let msg = socket.read_message().expect("Error reading message");
         println!("Received: {}", msg);

examples/server.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-use std::net::TcpListener;
+use std::{net::TcpListener, thread::spawn};
-use std::thread::spawn;
 
-use tungstenite::accept_hdr;
+use tungstenite::{
-use tungstenite::handshake::server::{Request, Response};
+    accept_hdr,
+    handshake::server::{Request, Response},
+};
 
 fn main() {
     env_logger::init();

rustfmt.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This project uses rustfmt to format source code. Run `cargo +nightly fmt [-- --check].
+# https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt/blob/master/Configurations.md
+
+# Break complex but short statements a bit less.
+use_small_heuristics = "Max"
+
+merge_imports = true

src/client.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 //! Methods to connect to a WebSocket as a client.
 
-use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::{
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpStream, ToSocketAddrs};
+    io::{Read, Write},
-use std::result::Result as StdResult;
+    net::{SocketAddr, TcpStream, ToSocketAddrs},
+    result::Result as StdResult,
+};
 
-use http::{Uri, request::Parts};
+use http::{request::Parts, Uri};
 use log::*;
 
 use url::Url;
 
-use crate::handshake::client::{Request, Response};
+use crate::{
-use crate::protocol::WebSocketConfig;
+    handshake::client::{Request, Response},
+    protocol::WebSocketConfig,
+};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
 mod encryption {
@@ -22,8 +26,7 @@ mod encryption {
     /// TCP stream switcher (plain/TLS).
     pub type AutoStream = StreamSwitcher<TcpStream, TlsStream<TcpStream>>;
 
-    use crate::error::Result;
+    use crate::{error::Result, stream::Mode};
-    use crate::stream::Mode;
 
     pub fn wrap_stream(stream: TcpStream, domain: &str, mode: Mode) -> Result<AutoStream> {
         match mode {
@@ -48,8 +51,10 @@ mod encryption {
 mod encryption {
     use std::net::TcpStream;
 
-    use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+    use crate::{
-    use crate::stream::Mode;
+        error::{Error, Result},
+        stream::Mode,
+    };
 
     /// TLS support is nod compiled in, this is just standard `TcpStream`.
     pub type AutoStream = TcpStream;
@@ -65,11 +70,12 @@ mod encryption {
 use self::encryption::wrap_stream;
 pub use self::encryption::AutoStream;
 
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+use crate::{
-use crate::handshake::client::ClientHandshake;
+    error::{Error, Result},
-use crate::handshake::HandshakeError;
+    handshake::{client::ClientHandshake, HandshakeError},
-use crate::protocol::WebSocket;
+    protocol::WebSocket,
-use crate::stream::{Mode, NoDelay};
+    stream::{Mode, NoDelay},
+};
 
 /// Connect to the given WebSocket in blocking mode.
 ///
@@ -91,16 +97,14 @@ pub fn connect_with_config<Req: IntoClientRequest>(
     config: Option<WebSocketConfig>,
     max_redirects: u8,
 ) -> Result<(WebSocket<AutoStream>, Response)> {
-
+    fn try_client_handshake(
-    fn try_client_handshake(request: Request, config: Option<WebSocketConfig>)
+        request: Request,
-        -> Result<(WebSocket<AutoStream>, Response)>
+        config: Option<WebSocketConfig>,
-    {
+    ) -> Result<(WebSocket<AutoStream>, Response)> {
         let uri = request.uri();
         let mode = uri_mode(uri)?;
-        let host = request
+        let host =
-            .uri()
+            request.uri().host().ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No host name in the URL".into()))?;
-            .host()
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No host name in the URL".into()))?;
         let port = uri.port_u16().unwrap_or(match mode {
             Mode::Plain => 80,
             Mode::Tls => 443,
@@ -164,9 +168,7 @@ pub fn connect<Req: IntoClientRequest>(request: Req) -> Result<(WebSocket<AutoSt
 }
 
 fn connect_to_some(addrs: &[SocketAddr], uri: &Uri, mode: Mode) -> Result<AutoStream> {
-    let domain = uri
+    let domain = uri.host().ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No host name in the URL".into()))?;
-        .host()
-        .ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No host name in the URL".into()))?;
     for addr in addrs {
         debug!("Trying to contact {} at {}...", uri, addr);
         if let Ok(raw_stream) = TcpStream::connect(addr) {

src/error.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 //! Error handling.
 
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, error::Error as ErrorTrait, fmt, io, result, str, string};
-use std::error::Error as ErrorTrait;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::io;
-use std::result;
-use std::str;
-use std::string;
 
 use crate::protocol::Message;
 use http::Response;

src/handshake/client.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 //! Client handshake machine.
 
-use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::{
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
+    io::{Read, Write},
+    marker::PhantomData,
+};
 
 use http::{HeaderMap, Request as HttpRequest, Response as HttpResponse, StatusCode};
 use httparse::Status;
 use log::*;
 
-use super::headers::{FromHttparse, MAX_HEADERS};
+use super::{
-use super::machine::{HandshakeMachine, StageResult, TryParse};
+    convert_key,
-use super::{convert_key, HandshakeRole, MidHandshake, ProcessingResult};
+    headers::{FromHttparse, MAX_HEADERS},
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+    machine::{HandshakeMachine, StageResult, TryParse},
-use crate::protocol::{Role, WebSocket, WebSocketConfig};
+    HandshakeRole, MidHandshake, ProcessingResult,
+};
+use crate::{
+    error::{Error, Result},
+    protocol::{Role, WebSocket, WebSocketConfig},
+};
 
 /// Client request type.
 pub type Request = HttpRequest<()>;
@@ -35,15 +42,11 @@ impl<S: Read + Write> ClientHandshake<S> {
         config: Option<WebSocketConfig>,
     ) -> Result<MidHandshake<Self>> {
         if request.method() != http::Method::GET {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("Invalid HTTP method, only GET supported".into()));
-                "Invalid HTTP method, only GET supported".into(),
-            ));
         }
 
         if request.version() < http::Version::HTTP_11 {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into()));
-                "HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into(),
-            ));
         }
 
         // Check the URI scheme: only ws or wss are supported
@@ -58,18 +61,11 @@ impl<S: Read + Write> ClientHandshake<S> {
 
         let client = {
             let accept_key = convert_key(key.as_ref()).unwrap();
-            ClientHandshake {
+            ClientHandshake { verify_data: VerifyData { accept_key }, config, _marker: PhantomData }
-                verify_data: VerifyData { accept_key },
-                config,
-                _marker: PhantomData,
-            }
         };
 
         trace!("Client handshake initiated.");
-        Ok(MidHandshake {
+        Ok(MidHandshake { role: client, machine })
-            role: client,
-            machine,
-        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -85,11 +81,7 @@ impl<S: Read + Write> HandshakeRole for ClientHandshake<S> {
             StageResult::DoneWriting(stream) => {
                 ProcessingResult::Continue(HandshakeMachine::start_read(stream))
             }
-            StageResult::DoneReading {
+            StageResult::DoneReading { stream, result, tail } => {
-                stream,
-                result,
-                tail,
-            } => {
                 let result = self.verify_data.verify_response(result)?;
                 debug!("Client handshake done.");
                 let websocket =
@@ -105,16 +97,16 @@ fn generate_request(request: Request, key: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
     let mut req = Vec::new();
     let uri = request.uri();
 
-    let authority = uri.authority()
+    let authority =
-        .ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No host name in the URL".into()))?
+        uri.authority().ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No host name in the URL".into()))?.as_str();
-        .as_str();
+    let host = if let Some(idx) = authority.find('@') {
-    let host = if let Some(idx) = authority.find('@') { // handle possible name:password@
+        // handle possible name:password@
         authority.split_at(idx + 1).1
     } else {
         authority
     };
     if authority.is_empty() {
-        return Err(Error::Url("URL contains empty host name".into()))
+        return Err(Error::Url("URL contains empty host name".into()));
     }
 
     write!(
@@ -128,10 +120,8 @@ fn generate_request(request: Request, key: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
          Sec-WebSocket-Key: {key}\r\n",
         version = request.version(),
         host = host,
-        path = uri
+        path =
-            .path_and_query()
+            uri.path_and_query().ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No path/query in URL".into()))?.as_str(),
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::Url("No path/query in URL".into()))?
-            .as_str(),
         key = key
     )
     .unwrap();
@@ -175,9 +165,7 @@ impl VerifyData {
             .map(|h| h.eq_ignore_ascii_case("websocket"))
             .unwrap_or(false)
         {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("No \"Upgrade: websocket\" in server reply".into()));
-                "No \"Upgrade: websocket\" in server reply".into(),
-            ));
         }
         // 3.  If the response lacks a |Connection| header field or the
         // |Connection| header field doesn't contain a token that is an
@@ -189,22 +177,14 @@ impl VerifyData {
             .map(|h| h.eq_ignore_ascii_case("Upgrade"))
             .unwrap_or(false)
         {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("No \"Connection: upgrade\" in server reply".into()));
-                "No \"Connection: upgrade\" in server reply".into(),
-            ));
         }
         // 4.  If the response lacks a |Sec-WebSocket-Accept| header field or
         // the |Sec-WebSocket-Accept| contains a value other than the
         // base64-encoded SHA-1 of ... the client MUST _Fail the WebSocket
         // Connection_. (RFC 6455)
-        if !headers
+        if !headers.get("Sec-WebSocket-Accept").map(|h| h == &self.accept_key).unwrap_or(false) {
-            .get("Sec-WebSocket-Accept")
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("Key mismatch in Sec-WebSocket-Accept".into()));
-            .map(|h| h == &self.accept_key)
-            .unwrap_or(false)
-        {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
-                "Key mismatch in Sec-WebSocket-Accept".into(),
-            ));
         }
         // 5.  If the response includes a |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header
         // field and this header field indicates the use of an extension
@@ -238,9 +218,7 @@ impl TryParse for Response {
 impl<'h, 'b: 'h> FromHttparse<httparse::Response<'h, 'b>> for Response {
     fn from_httparse(raw: httparse::Response<'h, 'b>) -> Result<Self> {
         if raw.version.expect("Bug: no HTTP version") < /*1.*/1 {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into()));
-                "HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into(),
-            ));
         }
 
         let headers = HeaderMap::from_httparse(raw.headers)?;
@@ -266,9 +244,8 @@ fn generate_key() -> String {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::super::machine::TryParse;
+    use super::{super::machine::TryParse, generate_key, generate_request, Response};
     use crate::client::IntoClientRequest;
-    use super::{generate_key, generate_request, Response};
 
     #[test]
     fn random_keys() {
@@ -342,9 +319,6 @@ mod tests {
         const DATA: &[u8] = b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n";
         let (_, resp) = Response::try_parse(DATA).unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), http::StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get("Content-Type").unwrap(), &b"text/html"[..],);
-            resp.headers().get("Content-Type").unwrap(),
-            &b"text/html"[..],
-        );
     }
 }

src/handshake/headers.rs

@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ impl TryParse for HeaderMap {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 
-    use super::super::machine::TryParse;
+    use super::{super::machine::TryParse, HeaderMap};
-    use super::HeaderMap;
 
     #[test]
     fn headers() {

src/handshake/machine.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ use bytes::Buf;
 use log::*;
 use std::io::{Cursor, Read, Write};
 
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+use crate::{
-use crate::util::NonBlockingResult;
+    error::{Error, Result},
+    util::NonBlockingResult,
+};
 use input_buffer::{InputBuffer, MIN_READ};
 
 /// A generic handshake state machine.
@@ -23,10 +25,7 @@ impl<Stream> HandshakeMachine<Stream> {
     }
     /// Start writing data to the peer.
     pub fn start_write<D: Into<Vec<u8>>>(stream: Stream, data: D) -> Self {
-        HandshakeMachine {
+        HandshakeMachine { stream, state: HandshakeState::Writing(Cursor::new(data.into())) }
-            stream,
-            state: HandshakeState::Writing(Cursor::new(data.into())),
-        }
     }
     /// Returns a shared reference to the inner stream.
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Stream {
@@ -52,8 +51,7 @@ impl<Stream: Read + Write> HandshakeMachine<Stream> {
                     .no_block()?;
                 match read {
                     Some(0) => Err(Error::Protocol("Handshake not finished".into())),
-                    Some(_) => Ok(
+                    Some(_) => Ok(if let Some((size, obj)) = Obj::try_parse(Buf::bytes(&buf))? {
-                        if let Some((size, obj)) = Obj::try_parse(Buf::bytes(&buf))? {
                         buf.advance(size);
                         RoundResult::StageFinished(StageResult::DoneReading {
                             result: obj,
@@ -65,8 +63,7 @@ impl<Stream: Read + Write> HandshakeMachine<Stream> {
                             state: HandshakeState::Reading(buf),
                             ..self
                         })
-                        },
+                    }),
-                    ),
                     None => Ok(RoundResult::WouldBlock(HandshakeMachine {
                         state: HandshakeState::Reading(buf),
                         ..self
@@ -112,11 +109,7 @@ pub enum RoundResult<Obj, Stream> {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum StageResult<Obj, Stream> {
     /// Reading round finished.
-    DoneReading {
+    DoneReading { result: Obj, stream: Stream, tail: Vec<u8> },
-        result: Obj,
-        stream: Stream,
-        tail: Vec<u8>,
-    },
     /// Writing round finished.
     DoneWriting(Stream),
 }

src/handshake/mod.rs

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ pub mod server;
 
 mod machine;
 
-use std::error::Error as ErrorTrait;
+use std::{
-use std::fmt;
+    error::Error as ErrorTrait,
-use std::io::{Read, Write};
+    fmt,
+    io::{Read, Write},
+};
 
 use sha1::{Digest, Sha1};
 
@@ -39,10 +41,7 @@ impl<Role: HandshakeRole> MidHandshake<Role> {
         loop {
             mach = match mach.single_round()? {
                 RoundResult::WouldBlock(m) => {
-                    return Err(HandshakeError::Interrupted(MidHandshake {
+                    return Err(HandshakeError::Interrupted(MidHandshake { machine: m, ..self }))
-                        machine: m,
-                        ..self
-                    }))
                 }
                 RoundResult::Incomplete(m) => m,
                 RoundResult::StageFinished(s) => match self.role.stage_finished(s)? {

src/handshake/server.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
 //! Server handshake machine.
 
-use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
+use std::{
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
+    io::{self, Read, Write},
-use std::result::Result as StdResult;
+    marker::PhantomData,
+    result::Result as StdResult,
+};
 
 use http::{HeaderMap, Request as HttpRequest, Response as HttpResponse, StatusCode};
 use httparse::Status;
 use log::*;
 
-use super::headers::{FromHttparse, MAX_HEADERS};
+use super::{
-use super::machine::{HandshakeMachine, StageResult, TryParse};
+    convert_key,
-use super::{convert_key, HandshakeRole, MidHandshake, ProcessingResult};
+    headers::{FromHttparse, MAX_HEADERS},
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+    machine::{HandshakeMachine, StageResult, TryParse},
-use crate::protocol::{Role, WebSocket, WebSocketConfig};
+    HandshakeRole, MidHandshake, ProcessingResult,
+};
+use crate::{
+    error::{Error, Result},
+    protocol::{Role, WebSocket, WebSocketConfig},
+};
 
 /// Server request type.
 pub type Request = HttpRequest<()>;
@@ -30,9 +37,7 @@ pub fn create_response(request: &Request) -> Result<Response> {
     }
 
     if request.version() < http::Version::HTTP_11 {
-        return Err(Error::Protocol(
+        return Err(Error::Protocol("HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into()));
-            "HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into(),
-        ));
     }
 
     if !request
@@ -42,9 +47,7 @@ pub fn create_response(request: &Request) -> Result<Response> {
         .map(|h| h.split(|c| c == ' ' || c == ',').any(|p| p.eq_ignore_ascii_case("Upgrade")))
         .unwrap_or(false)
     {
-        return Err(Error::Protocol(
+        return Err(Error::Protocol("No \"Connection: upgrade\" in client request".into()));
-            "No \"Connection: upgrade\" in client request".into(),
-        ));
     }
 
     if !request
@@ -54,20 +57,11 @@ pub fn create_response(request: &Request) -> Result<Response> {
         .map(|h| h.eq_ignore_ascii_case("websocket"))
         .unwrap_or(false)
     {
-        return Err(Error::Protocol(
+        return Err(Error::Protocol("No \"Upgrade: websocket\" in client request".into()));
-            "No \"Upgrade: websocket\" in client request".into(),
-        ));
     }
 
-    if !request
+    if !request.headers().get("Sec-WebSocket-Version").map(|h| h == "13").unwrap_or(false) {
-        .headers()
+        return Err(Error::Protocol("No \"Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\" in client request".into()));
-        .get("Sec-WebSocket-Version")
-        .map(|h| h == "13")
-        .unwrap_or(false)
-    {
-        return Err(Error::Protocol(
-            "No \"Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\" in client request".into(),
-        ));
     }
 
     let key = request
@@ -121,9 +115,7 @@ impl<'h, 'b: 'h> FromHttparse<httparse::Request<'h, 'b>> for Request {
         }
 
         if raw.version.expect("Bug: no HTTP version") < /*1.*/1 {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into()));
-                "HTTP version should be 1.1 or higher".into(),
-            ));
         }
 
         let headers = HeaderMap::from_httparse(raw.headers)?;
@@ -229,11 +221,7 @@ impl<S: Read + Write, C: Callback> HandshakeRole for ServerHandshake<S, C> {
         finish: StageResult<Self::IncomingData, Self::InternalStream>,
     ) -> Result<ProcessingResult<Self::InternalStream, Self::FinalResult>> {
         Ok(match finish {
-            StageResult::DoneReading {
+            StageResult::DoneReading { stream, result, tail } => {
-                stream,
-                result,
-                tail,
-            } => {
                 if !tail.is_empty() {
                     return Err(Error::Protocol("Junk after client request".into()));
                 }
@@ -290,9 +278,7 @@ impl<S: Read + Write, C: Callback> HandshakeRole for ServerHandshake<S, C> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::super::machine::TryParse;
+    use super::{super::machine::TryParse, create_response, Request};
-    use super::create_response;
-    use super::Request;
 
     #[test]
     fn request_parsing() {

src/lib.rs

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ pub mod server;
 pub mod stream;
 pub mod util;
 
-pub use crate::client::{client, connect};
+pub use crate::{
-pub use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+    client::{client, connect},
-pub use crate::handshake::client::ClientHandshake;
+    error::{Error, Result},
-pub use crate::handshake::server::ServerHandshake;
+    handshake::{client::ClientHandshake, server::ServerHandshake, HandshakeError},
-pub use crate::handshake::HandshakeError;
+    protocol::{Message, WebSocket},
-pub use crate::protocol::{Message, WebSocket};
+    server::{accept, accept_hdr},
-pub use crate::server::{accept, accept_hdr};
+};

src/protocol/frame/coding.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 //! Various codes defined in RFC 6455.
 
-use std::convert::{From, Into};
+use std::{
-use std::fmt;
+    convert::{From, Into},
+    fmt,
+};
 
 /// WebSocket message opcode as in RFC 6455.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -71,9 +73,11 @@ impl fmt::Display for OpCode {
 
 impl Into<u8> for OpCode {
     fn into(self) -> u8 {
-        use self::Control::{Close, Ping, Pong};
+        use self::{
-        use self::Data::{Binary, Continue, Text};
+            Control::{Close, Ping, Pong},
-        use self::OpCode::*;
+            Data::{Binary, Continue, Text},
+            OpCode::*,
+        };
         match self {
             Data(Continue) => 0,
             Data(Text) => 1,
@@ -90,9 +94,11 @@ impl Into<u8> for OpCode {
 
 impl From<u8> for OpCode {
     fn from(byte: u8) -> OpCode {
-        use self::Control::{Close, Ping, Pong};
+        use self::{
-        use self::Data::{Binary, Continue, Text};
+            Control::{Close, Ping, Pong},
-        use self::OpCode::*;
+            Data::{Binary, Continue, Text},
+            OpCode::*,
+        };
         match byte {
             0 => Data(Continue),
             1 => Data(Text),

src/protocol/frame/frame.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 use byteorder::{ByteOrder, NetworkEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};
 use log::*;
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::{
-use std::default::Default;
+    borrow::Cow,
-use std::fmt;
+    default::Default,
-use std::io::{Cursor, ErrorKind, Read, Write};
+    fmt,
-use std::result::Result as StdResult;
+    io::{Cursor, ErrorKind, Read, Write},
-use std::string::{FromUtf8Error, String};
+    result::Result as StdResult,
-
+    string::{FromUtf8Error, String},
-use super::coding::{CloseCode, Control, Data, OpCode};
+};
-use super::mask::{apply_mask, generate_mask};
+
+use super::{
+    coding::{CloseCode, Control, Data, OpCode},
+    mask::{apply_mask, generate_mask},
+};
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 
 /// A struct representing the close command.
@@ -23,10 +27,7 @@ pub struct CloseFrame<'t> {
 impl<'t> CloseFrame<'t> {
     /// Convert into a owned string.
     pub fn into_owned(self) -> CloseFrame<'static> {
-        CloseFrame {
+        CloseFrame { code: self.code, reason: self.reason.into_owned().into() }
-            code: self.code,
-            reason: self.reason.into_owned().into(),
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -192,14 +193,7 @@ impl FrameHeader {
             _ => (),
         }
 
-        let hdr = FrameHeader {
+        let hdr = FrameHeader { is_final, rsv1, rsv2, rsv3, opcode, mask };
-            is_final,
-            rsv1,
-            rsv2,
-            rsv3,
-            opcode,
-            mask,
-        };
 
         Ok(Some((hdr, length)))
     }
@@ -298,10 +292,7 @@ impl Frame {
                 let code = NetworkEndian::read_u16(&data[0..2]).into();
                 data.drain(0..2);
                 let text = String::from_utf8(data)?;
-                Ok(Some(CloseFrame {
+                Ok(Some(CloseFrame { code, reason: text.into() }))
-                    code,
-                    reason: text.into(),
-                }))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -309,19 +300,9 @@ impl Frame {
     /// Create a new data frame.
     #[inline]
     pub fn message(data: Vec<u8>, opcode: OpCode, is_final: bool) -> Frame {
-        debug_assert!(
+        debug_assert!(matches!(opcode, OpCode::Data(_)), "Invalid opcode for data frame.");
-            matches!(opcode, OpCode::Data(_)),
-            "Invalid opcode for data frame."
-        );
 
-        Frame {
+        Frame { header: FrameHeader { is_final, opcode, ..FrameHeader::default() }, payload: data }
-            header: FrameHeader {
-                is_final,
-                opcode,
-                ..FrameHeader::default()
-            },
-            payload: data,
-        }
     }
 
     /// Create a new Pong control frame.
@@ -360,10 +341,7 @@ impl Frame {
             Vec::new()
         };
 
-        Frame {
+        Frame { header: FrameHeader::default(), payload }
-            header: FrameHeader::default(),
-            payload,
-        }
     }
 
     /// Create a frame from given header and data.
@@ -401,10 +379,7 @@ payload: 0x{}
             // self.mask.map(|mask| format!("{:?}", mask)).unwrap_or("NONE".into()),
             self.len(),
             self.payload.len(),
-            self.payload
+            self.payload.iter().map(|byte| format!("{:x}", byte)).collect::<String>()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|byte| format!("{:x}", byte))
-                .collect::<String>()
         )
     }
 }
@@ -476,10 +451,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut payload = Vec::new();
         raw.read_to_end(&mut payload).unwrap();
         let frame = Frame::from_payload(header, payload);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(frame.into_data(), vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07]);
-            frame.into_data(),
-            vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07]
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]

src/protocol/frame/mod.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ pub mod coding;
 mod frame;
 mod mask;
 
-pub use self::frame::CloseFrame;
+pub use self::frame::{CloseFrame, Frame, FrameHeader};
-pub use self::frame::{Frame, FrameHeader};
 
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use input_buffer::{InputBuffer, MIN_READ};
@@ -26,18 +25,12 @@ pub struct FrameSocket<Stream> {
 impl<Stream> FrameSocket<Stream> {
     /// Create a new frame socket.
     pub fn new(stream: Stream) -> Self {
-        FrameSocket {
+        FrameSocket { stream, codec: FrameCodec::new() }
-            stream,
-            codec: FrameCodec::new(),
-        }
     }
 
     /// Create a new frame socket from partially read data.
     pub fn from_partially_read(stream: Stream, part: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-        FrameSocket {
+        FrameSocket { stream, codec: FrameCodec::from_partially_read(part) }
-            stream,
-            codec: FrameCodec::from_partially_read(part),
-        }
     }
 
     /// Extract a stream from the socket.
@@ -184,9 +177,7 @@ impl FrameCodec {
     {
         trace!("writing frame {}", frame);
         self.out_buffer.reserve(frame.len());
-        frame
+        frame.format(&mut self.out_buffer).expect("Bug: can't write to vector");
-            .format(&mut self.out_buffer)
-            .expect("Bug: can't write to vector");
         self.write_pending(stream)
     }
 
@@ -231,10 +222,7 @@ mod tests {
             sock.read_frame(None).unwrap().unwrap().into_data(),
             vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07]
         );
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(sock.read_frame(None).unwrap().unwrap().into_data(), vec![0x03, 0x02, 0x01]);
-            sock.read_frame(None).unwrap().unwrap().into_data(),
-            vec![0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
-        );
         assert!(sock.read_frame(None).unwrap().is_none());
 
         let (_, rest) = sock.into_inner();

src/protocol/message.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-use std::convert::{AsRef, From, Into};
+use std::{
-use std::fmt;
+    convert::{AsRef, From, Into},
-use std::result::Result as StdResult;
+    fmt,
-use std::str;
+    result::Result as StdResult,
+    str,
+};
 
 use super::frame::CloseFrame;
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
@@ -19,10 +21,7 @@ mod string_collect {
 
     impl StringCollector {
         pub fn new() -> Self {
-            StringCollector {
+            StringCollector { data: String::new(), incomplete: None }
-                data: String::new(),
-                incomplete: None,
-            }
         }
 
         pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
@@ -54,10 +53,7 @@ mod string_collect {
                         self.data.push_str(text);
                         Ok(())
                     }
-                    Err(DecodeError::Incomplete {
+                    Err(DecodeError::Incomplete { valid_prefix, incomplete_suffix }) => {
-                        valid_prefix,
-                        incomplete_suffix,
-                    }) => {
                         self.data.push_str(valid_prefix);
                         self.incomplete = Some(incomplete_suffix);
                         Ok(())
@@ -127,11 +123,7 @@ impl IncompleteMessage {
         // Be careful about integer overflows here.
         if my_size > max_size || portion_size > max_size - my_size {
             return Err(Error::Capacity(
-                format!(
+                format!("Message too big: {} + {} > {}", my_size, portion_size, max_size).into(),
-                    "Message too big: {} + {} > {}",
-                    my_size, portion_size, max_size
-                )
-                .into(),
             ));
         }
 

src/protocol/mod.rs

@@ -4,19 +4,26 @@ pub mod frame;
 
 mod message;
 
-pub use self::frame::CloseFrame;
+pub use self::{frame::CloseFrame, message::Message};
-pub use self::message::Message;
 
 use log::*;
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::{
-use std::io::{ErrorKind as IoErrorKind, Read, Write};
+    collections::VecDeque,
-use std::mem::replace;
+    io::{ErrorKind as IoErrorKind, Read, Write},
+    mem::replace,
+};
 
-use self::frame::coding::{CloseCode, Control as OpCtl, Data as OpData, OpCode};
+use self::{
-use self::frame::{Frame, FrameCodec};
+    frame::{
-use self::message::{IncompleteMessage, IncompleteMessageType};
+        coding::{CloseCode, Control as OpCtl, Data as OpData, OpCode},
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+        Frame, FrameCodec,
-use crate::util::NonBlockingResult;
+    },
+    message::{IncompleteMessage, IncompleteMessageType},
+};
+use crate::{
+    error::{Error, Result},
+    util::NonBlockingResult,
+};
 
 /// Indicates a Client or Server role of the websocket
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -74,10 +81,7 @@ impl<Stream> WebSocket<Stream> {
     /// or together with an existing one. If you need an initial handshake, use
     /// `connect()` or `accept()` functions of the crate to construct a websocket.
     pub fn from_raw_socket(stream: Stream, role: Role, config: Option<WebSocketConfig>) -> Self {
-        WebSocket {
+        WebSocket { socket: stream, context: WebSocketContext::new(role, config) }
-            socket: stream,
-            context: WebSocketContext::new(role, config),
-        }
     }
 
     /// Convert a raw socket into a WebSocket without performing a handshake.
@@ -320,9 +324,7 @@ impl WebSocketContext {
 
         // Do not write after sending a close frame.
         if !self.state.is_active() {
-            return Err(Error::Protocol(
+            return Err(Error::Protocol("Sending after closing is not allowed".into()));
-                "Sending after closing is not allowed".into(),
-            ));
         }
 
         if let Some(max_send_queue) = self.config.max_send_queue {
@@ -455,9 +457,7 @@ impl WebSocketContext {
                 Role::Client => {
                     if frame.is_masked() {
                         // A client MUST close a connection if it detects a masked frame. (RFC 6455)
-                        return Err(Error::Protocol(
+                        return Err(Error::Protocol("Received a masked frame from server".into()));
-                            "Received a masked frame from server".into(),
-                        ));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -474,9 +474,9 @@ impl WebSocketContext {
                             Err(Error::Protocol("Control frame too big".into()))
                         }
                         OpCtl::Close => Ok(self.do_close(frame.into_close()?).map(Message::Close)),
-                        OpCtl::Reserved(i) => Err(Error::Protocol(
+                        OpCtl::Reserved(i) => {
-                            format!("Unknown control frame type {}", i).into(),
+                            Err(Error::Protocol(format!("Unknown control frame type {}", i).into()))
-                        )),
+                        }
                         OpCtl::Ping => {
                             let data = frame.into_data();
                             // No ping processing after we sent a close frame.
@@ -527,9 +527,9 @@ impl WebSocketContext {
                                 Ok(None)
                             }
                         }
-                        OpData::Reserved(i) => Err(Error::Protocol(
+                        OpData::Reserved(i) => {
-                            format!("Unknown data frame type {}", i).into(),
+                            Err(Error::Protocol(format!("Unknown data frame type {}", i).into()))
-                        )),
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             } // match opcode
@@ -539,9 +539,7 @@ impl WebSocketContext {
                 WebSocketState::ClosedByPeer | WebSocketState::CloseAcknowledged => {
                     Err(Error::ConnectionClosed)
                 }
-                _ => Err(Error::Protocol(
+                _ => Err(Error::Protocol("Connection reset without closing handshake".into())),
-                    "Connection reset without closing handshake".into(),
-                )),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -602,9 +600,7 @@ impl WebSocketContext {
         }
 
         trace!("Sending frame: {:?}", frame);
-        self.frame
+        self.frame.write_frame(stream, frame).check_connection_reset(self.state)
-            .write_frame(stream, frame)
-            .check_connection_reset(self.state)
     }
 }
 
@@ -669,8 +665,7 @@ impl<T> CheckConnectionReset for Result<T> {
 mod tests {
     use super::{Message, Role, WebSocket, WebSocketConfig};
 
-    use std::io;
+    use std::{io, io::Cursor};
-    use std::io::Cursor;
 
     struct WriteMoc<Stream>(Stream);
 
@@ -699,14 +694,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut socket = WebSocket::from_raw_socket(WriteMoc(incoming), Role::Client, None);
         assert_eq!(socket.read_message().unwrap(), Message::Ping(vec![1, 2]));
         assert_eq!(socket.read_message().unwrap(), Message::Pong(vec![3]));
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(socket.read_message().unwrap(), Message::Text("Hello, World!".into()));
-            socket.read_message().unwrap(),
+        assert_eq!(socket.read_message().unwrap(), Message::Binary(vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03]));
-            Message::Text("Hello, World!".into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            socket.read_message().unwrap(),
-            Message::Binary(vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03])
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -715,10 +704,7 @@ mod tests {
             0x01, 0x07, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x80, 0x06, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72,
             0x6c, 0x64, 0x21,
         ]);
-        let limit = WebSocketConfig {
+        let limit = WebSocketConfig { max_message_size: Some(10), ..WebSocketConfig::default() };
-            max_message_size: Some(10),
-            ..WebSocketConfig::default()
-        };
         let mut socket = WebSocket::from_raw_socket(WriteMoc(incoming), Role::Client, Some(limit));
         assert_eq!(
             socket.read_message().unwrap_err().to_string(),
@@ -729,10 +715,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn size_limiting_binary() {
         let incoming = Cursor::new(vec![0x82, 0x03, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03]);
-        let limit = WebSocketConfig {
+        let limit = WebSocketConfig { max_message_size: Some(2), ..WebSocketConfig::default() };
-            max_message_size: Some(2),
-            ..WebSocketConfig::default()
-        };
         let mut socket = WebSocket::from_raw_socket(WriteMoc(incoming), Role::Client, Some(limit));
         assert_eq!(
             socket.read_message().unwrap_err().to_string(),

src/server.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 pub use crate::handshake::server::ServerHandshake;
 
-use crate::handshake::server::{Callback, NoCallback};
+use crate::handshake::{
-use crate::handshake::HandshakeError;
+    server::{Callback, NoCallback},
+    HandshakeError,
+};
 
 use crate::protocol::{WebSocket, WebSocketConfig};
 

src/util.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 //! Helper traits to ease non-blocking handling.
 
-use std::io::{Error as IoError, ErrorKind as IoErrorKind};
+use std::{
-use std::result::Result as StdResult;
+    io::{Error as IoError, ErrorKind as IoErrorKind},
+    result::Result as StdResult,
+};
 
 use crate::error::Error;
 

tests/connection_reset.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 //! Verifies that the server returns a `ConnectionClosed` error when the connection
 //! is closedd from the server's point of view and drop the underlying tcp socket.
 
-use std::net::{TcpStream, TcpListener};
+use std::{
-use std::process::exit;
+    net::{TcpListener, TcpStream},
-use std::thread::{sleep, spawn};
+    process::exit,
-use std::time::Duration;
+    thread::{sleep, spawn},
+    time::Duration,
+};
 
-use tungstenite::{accept, connect, Error, Message, WebSocket, stream::Stream};
 use native_tls::TlsStream;
-use url::Url;
 use net2::TcpStreamExt;
+use tungstenite::{accept, connect, stream::Stream, Error, Message, WebSocket};
+use url::Url;
 
 type Sock = WebSocket<Stream<TcpStream, TlsStream<TcpStream>>>;
 
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ where
         exit(1);
     });
 
-    let server = TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", port))
+    let server =
-        .expect("Can't listen, is port already in use?");
+        TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", port)).expect("Can't listen, is port already in use?");
 
     let client_thread = spawn(move || {
         let (client, _) = connect(Url::parse(&format!("ws://localhost:{}/socket", port)).unwrap())
@@ -46,11 +48,10 @@ where
 
 #[test]
 fn test_server_close() {
-    do_test(3012,
+    do_test(
+        3012,
         |mut cli_sock| {
-            cli_sock
+            cli_sock.write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into())).unwrap();
-                .write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into()))
-                .unwrap();
 
             let message = cli_sock.read_message().unwrap(); // receive close from server
             assert!(message.is_close());
@@ -75,16 +76,16 @@ fn test_server_close() {
                 Error::ConnectionClosed => {}
                 _ => panic!("unexpected error: {:?}", err),
             }
-        });
+        },
+    );
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_evil_server_close() {
-    do_test(3013,
+    do_test(
+        3013,
         |mut cli_sock| {
-            cli_sock
+            cli_sock.write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into())).unwrap();
-                .write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into()))
-                .unwrap();
 
             sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
 
@@ -108,16 +109,16 @@ fn test_evil_server_close() {
             // and now just drop the connection without waiting for `ConnectionClosed`
             srv_sock.get_mut().set_linger(Some(Duration::from_secs(0))).unwrap();
             drop(srv_sock);
-        });
+        },
+    );
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_client_close() {
-    do_test(3014,
+    do_test(
+        3014,
         |mut cli_sock| {
-            cli_sock
+            cli_sock.write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into())).unwrap();
-                .write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into()))
-                .unwrap();
 
             let message = cli_sock.read_message().unwrap(); // receive answer from server
             assert_eq!(message.into_data(), b"From Server");
@@ -147,6 +148,6 @@ fn test_client_close() {
                 Error::ConnectionClosed => {}
                 _ => panic!("unexpected error: {:?}", err),
             }
-        });
+        },
-
+    );
 }

tests/no_send_after_close.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 //! Verifies that we can read data messages even if we have initiated a close handshake,
 //! but before we got confirmation.
 
-use std::net::TcpListener;
+use std::{
-use std::process::exit;
+    net::TcpListener,
-use std::thread::{sleep, spawn};
+    process::exit,
-use std::time::Duration;
+    thread::{sleep, spawn},
+    time::Duration,
+};
 
 use tungstenite::{accept, connect, Error, Message};
 use url::Url;

tests/receive_after_init_close.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 //! Verifies that we can read data messages even if we have initiated a close handshake,
 //! but before we got confirmation.
 
-use std::net::TcpListener;
+use std::{
-use std::process::exit;
+    net::TcpListener,
-use std::thread::{sleep, spawn};
+    process::exit,
-use std::time::Duration;
+    thread::{sleep, spawn},
+    time::Duration,
+};
 
 use tungstenite::{accept, connect, Error, Message};
 use url::Url;
@@ -24,9 +26,7 @@ fn test_receive_after_init_close() {
     let client_thread = spawn(move || {
         let (mut client, _) = connect(Url::parse("ws://localhost:3013/socket").unwrap()).unwrap();
 
-        client
+        client.write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into())).unwrap();
-            .write_message(Message::Text("Hello WebSocket".into()))
-            .unwrap();
 
         let message = client.read_message().unwrap(); // receive close from server
         assert!(message.is_close());