applying patch tests working

engine/net/src/app_protocol.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use ng_repo::utils::{decode_digest, decode_key, decode_sym_key};
 use ng_repo::utils::{decode_overlayid, display_timestamp_local};
 use serde_json::Value;
 
-use crate::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType, OrmUpdateBlankNodeIds};
+use crate::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType, OrmUpdateBlankNodeIds};
 use crate::types::*;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ impl AppRequest {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn new_orm_update(scope: NuriV0, shape_type_name: String, diff: OrmDiff) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_orm_update(scope: NuriV0, shape_type_name: String, diff: OrmPatches) -> Self {
         AppRequest::new(
             AppRequestCommandV0::OrmUpdate,
             scope,
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ pub enum AppRequestPayloadV0 {
     QrCodeProfile(u32),
     QrCodeProfileImport(String),
     OrmStart(OrmShapeType),
-    OrmUpdate((OrmDiff, String)), // ShapeID
+    OrmUpdate((OrmPatches, String)), // ShapeID
     OrmStop(String),                 //ShapeID
 }
 
@@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ pub enum AppResponseV0 {
     Header(AppHeader),
     Commits(Vec<String>),
     OrmInitial(Value),
-    OrmUpdate(OrmDiff),
+    OrmUpdate(OrmPatches),
     OrmUpdateBlankNodeIds(OrmUpdateBlankNodeIds),
     OrmError(String),
 }

engine/net/src/orm.rs

@@ -23,30 +23,30 @@ pub struct OrmShapeType {
     pub shape: String,
 }
 
-/* == Diff Types == */
+/* == Patch Types == */
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
-pub enum OrmDiffOpType {
+pub enum OrmPatchOp {
     add,
     remove,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
-pub enum OrmDiffType {
+pub enum OrmPatchType {
     set,
     object,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct OrmDiffOp {
+pub struct OrmPatch {
-    pub op: OrmDiffOpType,
+    pub op: OrmPatchOp,
-    pub valType: Option<OrmDiffType>,
+    pub valType: Option<OrmPatchType>,
     pub path: String,
     pub value: Option<Value>, // TODO: Improve type
 }
 
-pub type OrmDiff = Vec<OrmDiffOp>;
+pub type OrmPatches = Vec<OrmPatch>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct OrmUpdateBlankNodeId {

engine/verifier/src/orm/handle_backend_update.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::u64;
 
 use futures::SinkExt;
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use ng_net::{app_protocol::*, orm::*};
 use ng_repo::log::*;
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl Verifier {
                 );
 
                 // The JSON patches to send to JS land.
-                let mut patches: Vec<OrmDiffOp> = vec![];
+                let mut patches: Vec<OrmPatch> = vec![];
 
                 // Keep track of objects to create: (path, Option<IRI>)
                 // The IRI is Some for real subjects, None for intermediate objects (e.g., multi-valued predicate containers)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl Verifier {
                                 &sub.tracked_subjects,
                                 &sub.shape_type.shape,
                                 &mut path,
-                                (OrmDiffOpType::remove, Some(OrmDiffType::object), None, None),
+                                (OrmPatchOp::remove, Some(OrmPatchType::object), None, None),
                                 &mut patches,
                                 &mut objects_to_create,
                             );
@@ -255,17 +255,17 @@ impl Verifier {
                     let json_pointer = format!("/{}", escaped_path.join("/"));
 
                     // Always create the object itself
-                    patches.push(OrmDiffOp {
+                    patches.push(OrmPatch {
-                        op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+                        op: OrmPatchOp::add,
-                        valType: Some(OrmDiffType::object),
+                        valType: Some(OrmPatchType::object),
                         path: json_pointer.clone(),
                         value: None,
                     });
 
                     // If this object has an IRI (it's a real subject), add the id field
                     if let Some(iri) = maybe_iri {
-                        patches.push(OrmDiffOp {
+                        patches.push(OrmPatch {
-                            op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+                            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
                             valType: None,
                             path: format!("{}/@id", json_pointer),
                             value: Some(json!(iri)),
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ fn queue_patches_for_newly_valid_subject(
     tracked_subjects: &HashMap<String, HashMap<String, Arc<RwLock<OrmTrackedSubject>>>>,
     root_shape: &String,
     path: &[String],
-    patches: &mut Vec<OrmDiffOp>,
+    patches: &mut Vec<OrmPatch>,
     objects_to_create: &mut HashSet<(Vec<String>, Option<SubjectIri>)>,
 ) {
     // Check if we're at a root subject or need to traverse to parents
@@ -435,12 +435,12 @@ fn build_path_to_root_and_create_patches(
     root_shape: &String,
     path: &mut Vec<String>,
     diff_op: (
-        OrmDiffOpType,
+        OrmPatchOp,
-        Option<OrmDiffType>,
+        Option<OrmPatchType>,
         Option<Value>,  // The value added / removed
         Option<String>, // The IRI, if change is an added / removed object.
     ),
-    patches: &mut Vec<OrmDiffOp>,
+    patches: &mut Vec<OrmPatch>,
     objects_to_create: &mut HashSet<(Vec<String>, Option<SubjectIri>)>,
 ) {
     log_debug!(
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ fn build_path_to_root_and_create_patches(
         );
 
         // Create the patch for the actual value change
-        patches.push(OrmDiffOp {
+        patches.push(OrmPatch {
             op: diff_op.0.clone(),
             valType: diff_op.1.clone(),
             path: json_pointer.clone(),
@@ -515,8 +515,8 @@ fn build_path_to_root_and_create_patches(
 fn create_diff_ops_from_predicate_change(
     pred_change: &OrmTrackedPredicateChanges,
 ) -> Vec<(
-    OrmDiffOpType,
+    OrmPatchOp,
-    Option<OrmDiffType>,
+    Option<OrmPatchType>,
     Option<Value>,  // The value added / removed
     Option<String>, // The IRI, if change is an added / removed object.
 )> {
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ fn create_diff_ops_from_predicate_change(
             // A value was added. Another one might have been removed
             // but the add patch overwrite previous values.
             return [(
-                OrmDiffOpType::add,
+                OrmPatchOp::add,
                 None,
                 Some(json!(pred_change.values_added[0])),
                 None,
@@ -545,21 +545,21 @@ fn create_diff_ops_from_predicate_change(
             .to_vec();
         } else {
             // Since there is only one possible value, removing the path is enough.
-            return [(OrmDiffOpType::remove, None, None, None)].to_vec();
+            return [(OrmPatchOp::remove, None, None, None)].to_vec();
         }
     } else if is_multi && !is_object {
         if pred_change.values_added.len() > 0 {
             ops.push((
-                OrmDiffOpType::add,
+                OrmPatchOp::add,
-                Some(OrmDiffType::set),
+                Some(OrmPatchType::set),
                 Some(json!(pred_change.values_added)),
                 None,
             ));
         }
         if pred_change.values_removed.len() > 0 {
             ops.push((
-                OrmDiffOpType::remove,
+                OrmPatchOp::remove,
-                Some(OrmDiffType::set),
+                Some(OrmPatchType::set),
                 Some(json!(pred_change.values_removed)),
                 None,
             ));

engine/verifier/src/orm/handle_frontend_update.rs

@@ -7,20 +7,20 @@
 // notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
 // according to those terms.
 
-use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiffOp, OrmDiffOpType, OrmDiffType, OrmSchemaPredicate, OrmSchemaShape};
+use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatch, OrmPatchOp, OrmPatchType, OrmSchemaPredicate, OrmSchemaShape};
 use ng_oxigraph::oxrdf::Quad;
 use ng_repo::errors::VerifierError;
 
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use std::u64;
 
-use futures::SinkExt;
 use ng_net::app_protocol::*;
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use ng_repo::log::*;
 
 use crate::orm::types::*;
 use crate::orm::utils::{decode_json_pointer, json_to_sparql_val};
+use crate::types::GraphQuadsPatch;
 use crate::verifier::*;
 
 impl Verifier {
@@ -34,25 +34,22 @@ impl Verifier {
         shape_iri: ShapeIri,
         session_id: u64,
         _skolemnized_blank_nodes: Vec<Quad>,
-        _revert_inserts: Vec<Quad>,
+        revert_inserts: Vec<Quad>,
-        _revert_removes: Vec<Quad>,
+        revert_removes: Vec<Quad>,
     ) -> Result<(), VerifierError> {
         let (mut sender, _orm_subscription) =
             self.get_first_orm_subscription_sender_for(scope, Some(&shape_iri), Some(&session_id))?;
 
-        // TODO prepare OrmUpdateBlankNodeIds with skolemnized_blank_nodes
+        // Revert changes, if there.
-        // use orm_subscription if needed
+        if revert_inserts.len() > 0 || revert_removes.len() > 0 {
-        // note(niko): I think skolemnized blank nodes can still be many, in case of multi-level nested sub-objects.
+            let revert_changes = GraphQuadsPatch {
-        let orm_bnids = vec![];
+                inserts: revert_removes,
-        let _ = sender
+                removes: revert_inserts,
-            .send(AppResponse::V0(AppResponseV0::OrmUpdateBlankNodeIds(
+            };
-                orm_bnids,
-            )))
-            .await;
 
-        // TODO (later) revert the inserts and removes
+            // TODO: Call with correct params.
-        // let orm_diff = vec![];
+            // self.orm_backend_update(session_id, scope, "", revert_changes)
-        // let _ = sender.send(AppResponse::V0(AppResponseV0::OrmUpdate(orm_diff))).await;
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -63,7 +60,7 @@ impl Verifier {
         session_id: u64,
         scope: &NuriV0,
         shape_iri: ShapeIri,
-        diff: OrmDiff,
+        diff: OrmPatches,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
         log_info!(
             "frontend_update_orm session={} shape={} diff={:?}",
@@ -118,21 +115,21 @@ impl Verifier {
 
 fn create_sparql_update_query_for_diff(
     orm_subscription: &OrmSubscription,
-    diff: OrmDiff,
+    diff: OrmPatches,
 ) -> String {
     // First sort patches.
     // - Process delete patches first.
     // - Process object creation add operations before rest, to ensure potential blank nodes are created.
     let delete_patches: Vec<_> = diff
         .iter()
-        .filter(|patch| patch.op == OrmDiffOpType::remove)
+        .filter(|patch| patch.op == OrmPatchOp::remove)
         .collect();
     let add_object_patches: Vec<_> = diff
         .iter()
         .filter(|patch| {
-            patch.op == OrmDiffOpType::add
+            patch.op == OrmPatchOp::add
                 && match &patch.valType {
-                    Some(vt) => *vt == OrmDiffType::object,
+                    Some(vt) => *vt == OrmPatchType::object,
                     _ => false,
                 }
         })
@@ -140,9 +137,9 @@ fn create_sparql_update_query_for_diff(
     let add_literal_patches: Vec<_> = diff
         .iter()
         .filter(|patch| {
-            patch.op == OrmDiffOpType::add
+            patch.op == OrmPatchOp::add
                 && match &patch.valType {
-                    Some(vt) => *vt != OrmDiffType::object,
+                    Some(vt) => *vt != OrmPatchType::object,
                     _ => true,
                 }
         })
@@ -289,7 +286,7 @@ fn find_pred_schema_by_name(
 ///  - The Option subject, predicate, Option<Object> of the path's ending (to be used for DELETE)
 ///  - The Option predicate schema of the tail of the target property.
 fn create_where_statements_for_patch(
-    patch: &OrmDiffOp,
+    patch: &OrmPatch,
     var_counter: &mut i32,
     orm_subscription: &OrmSubscription,
 ) -> (
@@ -334,6 +331,7 @@ fn create_where_statements_for_patch(
         let pred_name = path.remove(0);
         let pred_schema = find_pred_schema_by_name(&pred_name, &current_subj_schema);
 
+        // Case: We arrived at a leaf value.
         if path.len() == 0 {
             return (
                 where_statements,
@@ -342,6 +340,8 @@ fn create_where_statements_for_patch(
             );
         }
 
+        // Else, we have a nested object.
+
         where_statements.push(format!(
             "{} <{}> ?o{}",
             subject_ref, pred_schema.iri, var_counter,
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ fn create_where_statements_for_patch(
             }
 
             current_subj_schema =
-                get_first_valid_child_schema(&object_iri, &pred_schema, &orm_subscription);
+                get_first_child_schema(Some(&object_iri), &pred_schema, &orm_subscription);
 
             // Since we have new IRI that we can use as root, we replace the current one with it.
             subject_ref = format!("<{object_iri}>");
@@ -379,15 +379,18 @@ fn create_where_statements_for_patch(
             // Set to child subject schema.
             // TODO: Actually, we should get the tracked subject and check for the correct shape there.
             // As long as there is only one allowed shape or the first one is valid, this is fine.
-            current_subj_schema = get_first_child_schema(&pred_schema, &orm_subscription);
+            current_subj_schema = get_first_child_schema(None, &pred_schema, &orm_subscription);
         }
     }
     // Can't happen.
     panic!();
 }
 
-fn get_first_valid_child_schema(
+/// Get the schema for a given subject and predicate schema.
-    subject_iri: &String,
+/// It will return the first schema of which the tracked subject is valid.
+/// If there is no subject found, return the first subject schema of the predicate schema.
+fn get_first_child_schema(
+    subject_iri: Option<&String>,
     pred_schema: &OrmSchemaPredicate,
     orm_subscription: &OrmSubscription,
 ) -> Arc<OrmSchemaShape> {
@@ -396,13 +399,12 @@ fn get_first_valid_child_schema(
             continue;
         };
 
-        let tracked_subject = orm_subscription
+        let tracked_subject_opt = subject_iri
-            .tracked_subjects
+            .and_then(|iri| orm_subscription.tracked_subjects.get(iri))
-            .get(subject_iri)
+            .and_then(|ts_shapes| ts_shapes.get(schema_shape));
-            .unwrap()
-            .get(schema_shape)
-            .unwrap();
 
+        if let Some(tracked_subject) = tracked_subject_opt {
+            // The subject is already being tracked (it's not new).
             if tracked_subject.read().unwrap().valid == OrmTrackedSubjectValidity::Valid {
                 return orm_subscription
                     .shape_type
@@ -411,19 +413,21 @@ fn get_first_valid_child_schema(
                     .unwrap()
                     .clone();
             }
+        } else {
+            // New subject, we need to guess the schema, take the first one.
+            // TODO: We could do that by looking at a distinct property, e.g. @type which must be non-overlapping.
+            return pred_schema
+                .dataTypes
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|dt| {
+                    dt.shape
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|shape_str| orm_subscription.shape_type.schema.get(shape_str))
+                })
+                .unwrap()
+                .clone();
+        }
     }
     // TODO: Panicking might be too aggressive.
     panic!("No valid child schema found.");
 }
-
-fn get_first_child_schema(
-    pred_schema: &OrmSchemaPredicate,
-    orm_subscription: &OrmSubscription,
-) -> Arc<OrmSchemaShape> {
-    return orm_subscription
-        .shape_type
-        .schema
-        .get(pred_schema.dataTypes[0].shape.as_ref().unwrap())
-        .unwrap()
-        .clone();
-}

engine/verifier/src/orm/materialize.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 use futures::SinkExt;
 use ng_net::orm::*;
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use ng_net::utils::Receiver;
 use serde_json::json;
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ pub(crate) fn materialize_orm_object(
     shape: &OrmSchemaShape,
     tracked_subjects: &HashMap<String, HashMap<String, Arc<RwLock<OrmTrackedSubject>>>>,
 ) -> Value {
-    let mut orm_obj = json!({"id": change.subject_iri});
+    let mut orm_obj = json!({"@id": change.subject_iri});
     let orm_obj_map = orm_obj.as_object_mut().unwrap();
     for pred_schema in &shape.predicates {
         let property_name = &pred_schema.readablePredicate;

engine/verifier/src/orm/mod.rs

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ pub mod shape_validation;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod utils;
 
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 
 use crate::orm::types::*;
 use crate::verifier::*;
 
 impl Verifier {
-    pub(crate) fn clean_orm_subscriptions(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn _clean_orm_subscriptions(&mut self) {
         self.orm_subscriptions.retain(|_, subscriptions| {
             subscriptions.retain(|sub| !sub.sender.is_closed());
             !subscriptions.is_empty()

engine/verifier/src/orm/process_changes.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::u64;
 
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use ng_net::{app_protocol::*, orm::*};
 use ng_oxigraph::oxrdf::Triple;
 use ng_repo::errors::NgError;

engine/verifier/src/orm/query.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use ng_repo::errors::VerifierError;
 
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 
 use crate::orm::types::*;
 use crate::orm::utils::{escape_literal, is_iri};

engine/verifier/src/orm/utils.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use regex::Regex;
 
-pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+pub use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use ng_net::{app_protocol::*, orm::*};
 use ng_oxigraph::oxrdf::Triple;
 

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -877,6 +877,9 @@ importers:
       '@ng-org/alien-deepsignals':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../alien-deepsignals
+      '@ng-org/lib-wasm':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../lib-wasm/pkg
       '@ng-org/shex-orm':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../shex-orm

sdk/js/examples/multi-framework-signals/src/app/pages/index.astro

@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@ import VueRoot from "../components/VueRoot.vue";
 import ReactRoot from "../components/ReactRoot";
 import SvelteRoot from "../components/SvelteRoot.svelte";
 
-// Hack to get mock backend started
-//import { mockTestObject } from "../../ng-mock/wasm-land/shapeHandler";
-
 const title = "Multi-framework app";
 ---
 

sdk/js/lib-wasm/src/lib.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ use ng_wallet::types::*;
 use ng_wallet::*;
 
 use nextgraph::local_broker::*;
-use nextgraph::verifier::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+use nextgraph::verifier::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use nextgraph::verifier::CancelFn;
 
 use crate::model::*;

sdk/js/signals/package.json

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
     "vue": "3.5.19"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@ng-org/lib-wasm": "workspace:*",
     "@playwright/test": "^1.55.0",
     "@types/node": "24.3.0",
     "@types/react": "19.1.10",

sdk/js/signals/src/connector/createSignalObjectForShape.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
 import type { Diff, Scope } from "../types.js";
 import { applyDiff } from "./applyDiff.js";
 
-import ng from "@ng-org/lib-wasm";
+import type * as NG from "@ng-org/lib-wasm";
-
+
-import {
+import { deepSignal, watch, batch } from "@ng-org/alien-deepsignals";
-    deepSignal,
+import type { DeepPatch, DeepSignalObject } from "@ng-org/alien-deepsignals";
-    watch,
-    batch,
-} from "@ng-org/alien-deepsignals";
-import type {
-    DeepPatch,
-    DeepSignalObject,
-} from "@ng-org/alien-deepsignals";
 import type { ShapeType, BaseType } from "@ng-org/shex-orm";
 
 interface PoolEntry<T extends BaseType> {

sdk/rust/src/local_broker.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use async_std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex, RwLock};
 use futures::channel::mpsc;
 use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use ng_net::orm::{OrmDiff, OrmShapeType};
+use ng_net::orm::{OrmPatches, OrmShapeType};
 use ng_oxigraph::oxrdf::Triple;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pdf_writer::{Content, Finish, Name, Pdf, Rect, Ref, Str};
@@ -2767,7 +2767,7 @@ pub async fn orm_start(
 pub async fn orm_update(
     scope: NuriV0,
     shape_type_name: String,
-    diff: OrmDiff,
+    diff: OrmPatches,
     session_id: u64,
 ) -> Result<(), NgError> {
     let mut request = AppRequest::new_orm_update(scope, shape_type_name, diff);

sdk/rust/src/tests/orm_apply_patches.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::tests::create_or_open_wallet::create_or_open_wallet;
 use async_std::stream::StreamExt;
 use ng_net::app_protocol::{AppResponse, AppResponseV0, NuriV0};
 use ng_net::orm::{
-    BasicType, OrmDiffOp, OrmDiffOpType, OrmDiffType, OrmSchemaDataType, OrmSchemaPredicate,
+    BasicType, OrmPatch, OrmPatchOp, OrmPatchType, OrmSchemaDataType, OrmSchemaPredicate,
     OrmSchemaShape, OrmSchemaValType, OrmShapeType,
 };
 
@@ -44,11 +44,17 @@ async fn test_orm_apply_patches() {
     // Test 5: Remove from multi-value literal array
     test_patch_remove_from_array(session_id).await;
 
-    // // Test 6: Nested object - modify nested literal
+    // Test 6: Nested object - modify nested literal
     test_patch_nested_literal(session_id).await;
 
     // Test 7: Multi-level nesting
     test_patch_multilevel_nested(session_id).await;
+
+    // Test 8: Root object creation
+    test_patch_create_root_object(session_id).await;
+
+    // Test 9: Nested object creation
+    test_patch_create_nested_object(session_id).await;
 }
 
 /// Test adding a single literal value via ORM patch
@@ -122,8 +128,8 @@ INSERT DATA {
     }
 
     // Apply ORM patch: Add name
-    let diff = vec![OrmDiffOp {
+    let diff = vec![OrmPatch {
-        op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+        op: OrmPatchOp::add,
         path: "urn:test:person1/name".to_string(),
         valType: None,
         value: Some(json!("Alice")),
@@ -221,8 +227,8 @@ INSERT DATA {
     }
 
     // Apply ORM patch: Remove name
-    let diff = vec![OrmDiffOp {
+    let diff = vec![OrmPatch {
-        op: OrmDiffOpType::remove,
+        op: OrmPatchOp::remove,
         path: "urn:test:person2/name".to_string(),
         valType: None,
         value: Some(json!("Bob")),
@@ -327,8 +333,8 @@ INSERT DATA {
         //     valType: None,
         //     value: Some(json!("Charlie")),
         // },
-        OrmDiffOp {
+        OrmPatch {
-            op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
             path: "urn:test:person3/name".to_string(),
             valType: None,
             value: Some(json!("Charles")),
@@ -434,9 +440,9 @@ INSERT DATA {
     }
 
     // Apply ORM patch: Add hobby
-    let diff = vec![OrmDiffOp {
+    let diff = vec![OrmPatch {
-        op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+        op: OrmPatchOp::add,
-        valType: Some(OrmDiffType::set),
+        valType: Some(OrmPatchType::set),
         path: "urn:test:person4/hobby".to_string(),
         value: Some(json!("Swimming")),
     }];
@@ -535,8 +541,8 @@ INSERT DATA {
     }
 
     // Apply ORM patch: Remove hobby
-    let diff = vec![OrmDiffOp {
+    let diff = vec![OrmPatch {
-        op: OrmDiffOpType::remove,
+        op: OrmPatchOp::remove,
         path: "urn:test:person5/hobby".to_string(),
         valType: None,
         value: Some(json!("Swimming")),
@@ -704,8 +710,8 @@ INSERT DATA {
     }
 
     // Apply ORM patch: Change city in nested address
-    let diff = vec![OrmDiffOp {
+    let diff = vec![OrmPatch {
-        op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+        op: OrmPatchOp::add,
         path: "urn:test:person6/address/city".to_string(),
         valType: None,
         value: Some(json!("Shelbyville")),
@@ -923,8 +929,8 @@ INSERT DATA {
     }
 
     // Apply ORM patch: Change street in company's headquarter address (3 levels deep)
-    let diff = vec![OrmDiffOp {
+    let diff = vec![OrmPatch {
-        op: OrmDiffOpType::add,
+        op: OrmPatchOp::add,
         path: "urn:test:person7/company/urn:test:company1/headquarter/street".to_string(),
         valType: None,
         value: Some(json!("Rich Street")),
@@ -957,3 +963,304 @@ INSERT DATA {
 
     log_info!("✓ Test passed: Multi-level nested modification");
 }
+
+/// Test multi-level nested object modifications via ORM patch
+async fn test_patch_create_root_object(session_id: u64) {
+    log_info!("\n\n=== TEST: Creation of root object ===\n");
+
+    let doc_nuri = create_doc_with_data(
+        session_id,
+        r#"
+PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
+INSERT DATA {
+    <urn:test:person7> a ex:Person ;
+        ex:name "Eve" .
+}
+"#
+        .to_string(),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    let mut schema = HashMap::new();
+    schema.insert(
+        "http://example.org/PersonShape".to_string(),
+        Arc::new(OrmSchemaShape {
+            iri: "http://example.org/PersonShape".to_string(),
+            predicates: vec![
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    maxCardinality: 1,
+                    minCardinality: 1,
+                    readablePredicate: "type".to_string(),
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::literal,
+                        literals: Some(vec![BasicType::Str(
+                            "http://example.org/Person".to_string(),
+                        )]),
+                        shape: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://example.org/name".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    readablePredicate: "name".to_string(),
+                    minCardinality: 0,
+                    maxCardinality: 1,
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::string,
+                        literals: None,
+                        shape: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+            ],
+        }),
+    );
+
+    let shape_type = OrmShapeType {
+        shape: "http://example.org/PersonShape".to_string(),
+        schema,
+    };
+
+    let nuri = NuriV0::new_from(&doc_nuri).expect("parse nuri");
+    let (mut receiver, _cancel_fn) = orm_start(nuri.clone(), shape_type.clone(), session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("orm_start failed");
+
+    // Get initial state
+    while let Some(app_response) = receiver.next().await {
+        if let AppResponse::V0(AppResponseV0::OrmInitial(initial)) = app_response {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Apply ORM patch: Create a new object
+    let diff = vec![
+        OrmPatch {
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
+            path: "urn:test:person8".to_string(),
+            valType: Some(OrmPatchType::object),
+            value: None,
+        },
+        OrmPatch {
+            // This does nothing as it does not represent a triple.
+            // A subject is created when inserting data.
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
+            path: "urn:test:person8/@id".to_string(),
+            valType: Some(OrmPatchType::object),
+            value: None,
+        },
+        OrmPatch {
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
+            path: "urn:test:person8/type".to_string(),
+            valType: None,
+            value: Some(json!("http://example.org/Person")),
+        },
+        OrmPatch {
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
+            path: "urn:test:person8/name".to_string(),
+            valType: None,
+            value: Some(json!("Alice")),
+        },
+    ];
+
+    orm_update(nuri.clone(), shape_type.shape.clone(), diff, session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("orm_update failed");
+
+    // Verify the change was applied
+    let triples = doc_sparql_construct(
+        session_id,
+        "CONSTRUCT { ?s ?p ?o } WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }".to_string(),
+        Some(doc_nuri.clone()),
+    )
+    .await
+    .expect("SPARQL query failed");
+
+    let has_name = triples.iter().any(|t| {
+        t.to_string() == "urn:test:person8"
+            && t.predicate.as_str() == "http://example.org/name"
+            && t.object.to_string().contains("Alice")
+    });
+    let has_type = triples.iter().any(|t| {
+        t.predicate.as_str() == "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"
+            && t.object.to_string().contains("http://example.org/Person")
+    });
+
+    assert!(!has_name, "New person has name");
+    assert!(has_type, "New person has type");
+
+    log_info!("✓ Test passed: Creation of root object");
+}
+
+/// Test adding a second address object.
+async fn test_patch_create_nested_object(session_id: u64) {
+    log_info!("\n\n=== TEST: Nested object creation ===\n");
+
+    let doc_nuri = create_doc_with_data(
+        session_id,
+        r#"
+PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
+INSERT DATA {
+    <urn:test:person9> a ex:Person ;
+        ex:name "Dave" ;
+        ex:address <urn:test:address1> .
+    
+    <urn:test:address1> a ex:Address ;
+        ex:street "Main St" ;
+        ex:city "Springfield" .
+}
+"#
+        .to_string(),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    let mut schema = HashMap::new();
+    schema.insert(
+        "http://example.org/Person".to_string(),
+        Arc::new(OrmSchemaShape {
+            iri: "http://example.org/Person".to_string(),
+            predicates: vec![
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    maxCardinality: 1,
+                    minCardinality: 1,
+                    readablePredicate: "type".to_string(),
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::literal,
+                        literals: Some(vec![BasicType::Str(
+                            "http://example.org/Person".to_string(),
+                        )]),
+                        shape: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://example.org/name".to_string(),
+                    readablePredicate: "name".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    minCardinality: 0,
+                    maxCardinality: 1,
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::string,
+                        literals: None,
+                        shape: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://example.org/address".to_string(),
+                    readablePredicate: "address".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    minCardinality: 0,
+                    maxCardinality: 2,
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::shape,
+                        shape: Some("http://example.org/Address".to_string()),
+                        literals: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+            ],
+        }),
+    );
+    schema.insert(
+        "http://example.org/Address".to_string(),
+        Arc::new(OrmSchemaShape {
+            iri: "http://example.org/Address".to_string(),
+            predicates: vec![
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    maxCardinality: 1,
+                    minCardinality: 1,
+                    readablePredicate: "type".to_string(),
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::literal,
+                        literals: Some(vec![BasicType::Str(
+                            "http://example.org/Address".to_string(),
+                        )]),
+                        shape: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+                Arc::new(OrmSchemaPredicate {
+                    iri: "http://example.org/street".to_string(),
+                    extra: Some(false),
+                    readablePredicate: "street".to_string(),
+                    minCardinality: 0,
+                    maxCardinality: 1,
+                    dataTypes: vec![OrmSchemaDataType {
+                        valType: OrmSchemaValType::string,
+                        literals: None,
+                        shape: None,
+                    }],
+                }),
+            ],
+        }),
+    );
+
+    let shape_type = OrmShapeType {
+        shape: "http://example.org/Person".to_string(),
+        schema,
+    };
+
+    let nuri = NuriV0::new_from(&doc_nuri).expect("parse nuri");
+    let (mut receiver, _cancel_fn) = orm_start(nuri.clone(), shape_type.clone(), session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("orm_start failed");
+
+    // Get initial state
+    while let Some(app_response) = receiver.next().await {
+        if let AppResponse::V0(AppResponseV0::OrmInitial(initial)) = app_response {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Apply ORM patch: Add a second address.
+    let diff = vec![
+        OrmPatch {
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
+            path: "urn:test:person9/address/http:~1~1example.org~1exampleAddress/type".to_string(),
+            valType: None,
+            value: Some(json!("http://example.org/Address")),
+        },
+        OrmPatch {
+            op: OrmPatchOp::add,
+            path: "urn:test:person9/address/http:~1~1example.org~1exampleAddress/street"
+                .to_string(),
+            valType: None,
+            value: Some(json!("Heaven Avenue")),
+        },
+    ];
+
+    orm_update(nuri.clone(), shape_type.shape.clone(), diff, session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("orm_update failed");
+
+    // Verify the change was applied
+    let triples = doc_sparql_construct(
+        session_id,
+        "CONSTRUCT { ?s ?p ?o } WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }".to_string(),
+        Some(doc_nuri.clone()),
+    )
+    .await
+    .expect("SPARQL query failed");
+
+    let has_new_address_type = triples.iter().any(|t| {
+        t.subject
+            .to_string()
+            .contains("http://example.org/exampleAddress")
+            && t.predicate.as_str() == "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"
+            && t.object.to_string().contains("http://example.org/Address")
+    });
+    let has_new_address_street = triples.iter().any(|t| {
+        t.subject
+            .to_string()
+            .contains("http://example.org/exampleAddress")
+            && t.predicate.as_str() == "http://example.org/street"
+            && t.object.to_string().contains("Heaven Avenue")
+    });
+
+    assert!(has_new_address_type, "New address type should be added");
+    assert!(has_new_address_street, "New street should be added");
+
+    log_info!("✓ Test passed: Nested object creation");
+}